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Wu S, Mechrez G, Ment D, Toews MD, Ananth Mani K, Amar Feldbaum R, Shapiro-Ilan DI. Tolerance of Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles in novel nanoparticle formulations to ultraviolet radiation. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 196:107851. [PMID: 36400242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are susceptible to abiotic environmental factors including ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which affects the survival and efficacy. This study evaluated nanoparticle (NP) formulations for protecting Steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles (IJs) from UV radiation. First, silica-NH2 NPs at oil-to-water ratios of 2:8, 3:7 and 4:6 were compared with Barricade Fire Gel (1 % and 2 %) and a water control (aqueous IJs) by exposing IJs to UV light (254 nm) for 0, 10 and 20 min. Barricade gel (especially 2 % Barricade) significantly improved IJs viability after UV treatment, while all three NPs had adverse effects on IJ viability after UV radiation. Subsequently, two silica (SiO2 basic and advanced) and one titania (TiO2) based formulations were tested with Barricade (1 % and 2 %) and a water control. The titania-NH2 NPs provided the highest UV protection, and IJ viability and virulence were not reduced even after 20-min UV. Except TiO2, only 2 % Barricade at 10-min UV and SiO2 basic at 20-min UV had lower IJ mortality than the water control. Only TiO2 formulated IJs caused higher insect mortality and infection levels than aqueous IJs after UV treatment. The UV tolerance of TiO2 was further examined by assessing the number of nematodes invading the hosts. Consistent with virulence tests, the number of invading nematodes in titania-NH2 NPs did not decrease after UV radiation for 10 or 20 min compared with the no-UV control. The anti-UV capability of titania-NH2 NPs has promise as a tool to enhance biocontrol efficacy of EPNs under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wu
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton GA 31793, USA.
| | - Guy Mechrez
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michael D Toews
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton GA 31793, USA
| | - Karthik Ananth Mani
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Reut Amar Feldbaum
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Mani KA, Berenice M, Yaakov N, Feldbaum RA, Kotliarevsk L, Naftali SM, Belausov E, Zelinger E, Fallik E, Dombrovsky A, Mechrez G. Encapsulation of anti‐viral active material for plant protection based on inverse Pickering emulsions. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Ananth Mani
- Department of Food Sciences Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Meche Berenice
- Department of Food Sciences Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Noga Yaakov
- Department of Food Sciences Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
| | - Reut Amar Feldbaum
- Department of Food Sciences Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
| | - Liliya Kotliarevsk
- Department of Food Sciences Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Shoham Matsrafi Naftali
- Department of Food Sciences Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot Israel
| | - Elazar Fallik
- Department of Postharvest Science Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
| | - Guy Mechrez
- Department of Food Sciences Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute Rishon Lezion Israel
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Kotliarevski L, Mani KA, Feldbaum RA, Yaakov N, Belausov E, Zelinger E, Ment D, Mechrez G. Single-Conidium Encapsulation in Oil-in-Water Pickering Emulsions at High Encapsulation Yield. Front Chem 2021; 9:726874. [PMID: 34912776 PMCID: PMC8666500 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.726874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents an individual encapsulation of fungal conidia in an oil-in-water Pickering emulsion at a single-conidium encapsulation yield of 44%. The single-conidium encapsulation yield was characterized by analysis of confocal microscopy micrographs. Mineral oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by amine-functionalized titania dioxide (TiO2-NH2 or titania-NH2) particles were prepared. The structure and the stability of the emulsions were investigated at different compositions by confocal microscopy and a LUMiSizer® respectively. The most stable emulsions with a droplet size suitable for single-conidium encapsulation were further studied for their individual encapsulation capabilities. The yields of individual encapsulation in the emulsions; i.e., the number of conidia that were individually encapsulated out of the total number of conidia, were characterized by confocal microscopy assay. This rapid, easy to use approach to single-conidium encapsulation, which generates a significantly high yield with eco-friendly titania-based emulsions, only requires commonly used emulsification and agitation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya Kotliarevski
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel.,Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Karthik Ananth Mani
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel.,Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Reut Amar Feldbaum
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Noga Yaakov
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Guy Mechrez
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon Lezion, Israel
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Amar Feldbaum R, Yaakov N, Ananth Mani K, Yossef E, Metbeev S, Zelinger E, Belausov E, Koltai H, Ment D, Mechrez G. Single cell encapsulation in a Pickering emulsion stabilized by TiO 2 nanoparticles provides protection against UV radiation for a biopesticide. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111958. [PMID: 34237526 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new formulation for biological pest control with significant UV protection capability has been developed in this research. The formulation is based on individual encapsulation of fungal conidia in an oil/water Pickering emulsion. The droplets size of the emulsions was tuned to meet the demands of single conidia encapsulation in the oil droplets. The emulsions are stabilized by amine-functionalized TiO2 (titania) nanoparticles (NPs). The droplet size, stability, and structure of the emulsions were investigated at different TiO2 contents and oil/water phase ratios. Most of the emulsions remained stable for 6 months. The structural properties of the Pickering emulsions were characterized by confocal microscopy and high-resolution cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-HRSEM). The presence of the TiO2 particles at the interface was confirmed by both confocal microscopy and cryo-HRSEM. Metarhizium brunneum-7 (Mb7) conidia were added to the emulsions. The successful encapsulation of individual conidia in the oil droplets was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The individual encapsulation of the conidia in the emulsions was significantly improved by dispersing the conidia in a 0.02 % Triton X-100 solution prior to emulsification. In addition, the bioassay results have shown, that exposure of the encapsulated conidia to natural UV light did not change their germination rates, however, the unprotected conidia demonstrated a dramatic decrease in their germination rates. These results confirm the UV protection capability of the studied emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Amar Feldbaum
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion, 7505101, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Noga Yaakov
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Karthik Ananth Mani
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion, 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Eden Yossef
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Sabina Metbeev
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- The Interdepartmental Equipment Unit, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Department of Ornamental Plants and Agricultural Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Dana Ment
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Guy Mechrez
- Department of Food Sciences, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Road, Rishon Letzion, 7505101, Israel.
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