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Takahashi Y, Fukuda H, Hayakawa A, Sano R, Kubo R, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Nakajima T, Ishige T, Tokue H, Asano K, Seki T, Hsiao YY, Ishizawa F, Takei H, Kominato Y. Postmortem genetic analysis of 17 sudden cardiac deaths identified nonsense and frameshift variants in two cases of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1927-1937. [PMID: 37328711 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death, or unexpected natural death of a healthy individual, is a serious problem in all nations. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) mainly due to ischemic heart diseases is the top cause of sudden death. However, there are pathophysiological conditions, referred to as sudden arrhythmic death syndrome, in which no apparent lesion can be identified even after complete conventional or ordinary autopsy. While postmortem genetic analyses have accumulated evidence about underlying genetic abnormality in such cases, the precise relationships between genetic background and the phenotype have been largely elusive. In this study, a retrospective investigation of 17 autopsy cases in which lethal arrhythmia was suspected to be the cause of death was carried out. Genetic analysis focusing on 72 genes reported to be associated with cardiac dysfunctions was performed, in combination with detailed histopathological and postmortem imaging examination, and a family study. As a result, in two cases of suspected arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), we found a nonsense variant in PKP2 and frameshift variant in TRPM4 gene. In contrast, the other 15 cases showed no morphological changes in the heart despite the presence of a frameshift variant and several missense variants, leaving the clinical significance of these variants obscure. The findings of the present study suggest that nonsense and frameshift variants could be involved in the morphological abnormality in cases of SCD due to ACM, while missense variants alone rarely contribute to massive structural changes in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishige
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Asano
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yi-Yang Hsiao
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Fujio Ishizawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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2
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Saigo Y, Sasase T, Tohma M, Uno K, Shinozaki Y, Maekawa T, Sano R, Miyajima K, Ohta T. High-cholesterol diet in combination with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin induces NASH-like disorders in the liver of rats. Physiol Res 2023; 72:371-382. [PMID: 37449749 PMCID: PMC10668992 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a general term for fatty liver disease not caused by viruses or alcohol. Fibrotic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma can develop. The recent increase in NAFLD incidence worldwide has stimulated drug development efforts. However, there is still no approved treatment. This may be due in part to the fact that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis is very complex, and its mechanisms are not well understood. Studies with animals are very important for understanding the pathogenesis. Due to the close association between the establishment of human NASH pathology and metabolic syndrome, several animal models have been reported, especially in the context of overnutrition. In this study, we investigated the induction of NASH-like pathology by enhancing cholesterol absorption through treatment with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CDX). Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal diet with normal water (control group); a high-fat (60 kcal%), cholesterol (1.25 %), and cholic acid (0.5 %) diet with normal water (HFCC group); or HFCC diet with 2 % CDX water (HFCC+CDX group) for 16 weeks. Compared to the control group, the HFCC and HFCC+CDX groups showed increased blood levels of total cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase. At autopsy, parameters related to hepatic lipid synthesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis were elevated, suggesting the development of NAFLD/NASH. Elevated levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes were evident in the HFCC+CDX group. In the novel rat model, excessive cholesterol intake and accelerated absorption contributed to NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saigo
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Takatsuki Research Center, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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Fukuda H, Hayakawa A, Tokue H, Takahashi Y, Kominato Y, Sano R. Usefulness of virtual reassembly of the skull and spine in cases of fragmentation due to high-energy trauma: A feasibility study. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 64:102281. [PMID: 37320997 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the widespread use of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) beside forensic autopsies for investigation of causes of death, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and fusion imaging using PMCT data are now becoming common. In the present study, the applicability of virtual reassembly from PMCT data was investigated in three cases involving fragmentation of the skull or spine due to high-energy trauma, as in such cases it is sometimes difficult to obtain detailed information on fractures using macroscopic observation alone. In the first case, virtual reassembly of the skull provided more information about the fractures than conventional reconstruction with adhesive. In the second case, although the skull was severely fractured and could not be examined macroscopically, virtual reassembly allowed detailed visualization of the fractures. In the last case, virtual reassembly of the spine helped to clarify that the 6th-8th thoracic vertebrae had been run over by a vehicle at the scene. Thus, virtual reassembly was shown to be useful for assessment of injury patterns, and event reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
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Fukuda H, Hayakawa A, Takahashi Y, Komatsu Y, Kawamura M, Kubo R, Tokue H, Kominato Y, Sano R. Acute subdural hematoma caused by rupture of a mycotic aneurysm due to meningitis associated with infectious endocarditis: comparison of autopsy findings with postmortem computed tomography. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00640-3. [PMID: 37222902 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00640-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Forensic pathologists often encounter cases of acute subdural hematoma (SDH) due to trauma, whereas those attributable to endogenous causes are rare. Here, we report a case of the latter type in a 42-year-old man who was found dead at home after several months of fever and malaise. Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) and autopsy were undertaken to clarify the cause of death. PMCT images revealed a fatal SDH and a localized hyper-density area in the right parietal lobe; macroscopic and microscopic examinations revealed SDH due to rupture of a mycotic aneurysm (MA) associated with meningitis. The PMCT images also indicated thickening and calcification of the mitral valve, while autopsy demonstrated infective endocarditis (IE). In addition, PMCT demonstrated a low-density area in the spleen, which was shown to be a splenic abscess at autopsy. PMCT also demonstrated tooth cavities. Based on the findings of autopsy, the cause of death was considered to be SDH due to rupture of the MA resulting from meningitis with IE and splenic abscess. Although PMCT was unable to clarify the significance of any individual feature, a retrospective review of the PMCT images might have suggested IE, bacteremia, or ruptured MA leading to SDH. This case suggests that, instead of interpreting individual features demonstrated on PMCT images, integrated interpretation of overall PMCT findings might provide clues for identifying causes of death, despite the fact that PMCT lacks diagnostic accuracy for infectious diseases such as IE and meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuka Komatsu
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Miki Kawamura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
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5
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Sano R, Fukuda H, Kubo R, Oishi T, Miyabe-Nishiwaki T, Kaneko A, Masato H, Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Yazawa S, Kominato Y. Emergence of an erythroid cell-specific regulatory region in ABO intron 1 attributable to A- or B-antigen expression on erythrocytes in Hominoidea. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4947. [PMID: 36973299 PMCID: PMC10043005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A- and B-antigens are present on red blood cells (RBCs) as well as other cells and secretions in Hominoidea including humans and apes such as chimpanzees and gibbons, whereas expression of these antigens on RBCs is subtle in monkeys such as Japanese macaques. Previous studies have indicated that H-antigen expression has not completely developed on RBCs in monkeys. Such antigen expression requires the presence of H-antigen and A- or B-transferase expression in cells of erythroid lineage, although whether or not ABO gene regulation is associated with the difference of A- or B-antigen expression between Hominoidea and monkeys has not been examined. Since it has been suggested that ABO expression on human erythrocytes is dependent upon an erythroid cell-specific regulatory region or the + 5.8-kb site in intron 1, we compared the sequences of ABO intron 1 among non-human primates, and demonstrated the presence of sites orthologous to the + 5.8-kb site in chimpanzees and gibbons, and their absence in Japanese macaques. In addition, luciferase assays revealed that the former orthologues enhanced promoter activity, whereas the corresponding site in the latter did not. These results suggested that the A- or B-antigens on RBCs might be ascribed to emergence of the + 5.8-kb site or the corresponding regions in ABO through genetic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takao Oishi
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | | | - Akihisa Kaneko
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan
| | | | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shin Yazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
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6
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Fukuda H, Sano R, Hayakawa A, Takahashi Y, Okawa T, Kubo R, Takei H, Awata S, Tokue H, Akuzawa H, Yuasa M, Kominato Y. Corrigendum to "Investigation of the applicability of virtual gastroscopy based on postmortem computed tomography to detect changes in the stomach, along with reports of three rare cases" [Legal Med. 52 (2021) 101898]. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023:102219. [PMID: 36822877 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sachiko Awata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hisashi Akuzawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, Maebashi 371-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yuasa
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, Maebashi 371-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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7
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Tokue H, Sano R, Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Fukuda H, Tokue A, Kominato Y, Tsushima Y. Hypothermic death resulting from extreme freezing with characteristic postmortem computed tomography findings: A case report and review of the literature. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:1423-1426. [PMID: 36798068 PMCID: PMC9925835 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of hypothermic death that resulted from extreme freezing, with characteristic postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) findings. A 75-year-old man died in a deeply frozen state. In PMCT, there was a lack of increase in the bilateral lung-field attenuation. Urinary retention, with a hypodense area of frozen urine, was observed in the bladder. Changes that appeared to involve the crystallization of serum in frozen blood were observed in the aorta. Based on the scene and his circumstances, it was speculated that he died of hypothermia. Present case and our review revealed that although PMCT findings from hypothermic death that resulted from deep freezing are very rare, the characteristic PMCT findings may help determine the cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Azusa Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
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Hayakawa A, Sano R, Takahashi Y, Fukuda H, Okawa T, Kubo R, Takei H, Komatsu T, Tokue H, Sawada Y, Oshima K, Horioka K, Kominato Y. Post-traumatic cerebral infarction caused by thrombus in the middle cerebral artery. J Forensic Leg Med 2023; 93:102474. [PMID: 36577210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A woman in her 80s was found unconscious after being hit by a car while crossing a road. After admission to hospitals, computed tomography (CT) scans revealed traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the patient was treated symptomatically. However, despite improvement of TBI in CT images, she died unexpectedly. Postmortem CT demonstrated cerebral infarction in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). Histopathological examination revealed lumen-obstructing thrombosis and intimal injury upstream of the thrombosis in the right MCA. These findings suggested that the intimal injury in the MCA had led to thrombus formation, and thromboembolism in the region distal to the injury leading to post-traumatic cerebral infarction (PTCI). Both postmortem CT and autopsy were able to reveal the final condition of the deceased, which had not been fully anticipated by the clinicians who had treated her after the accident. The longitudinal antemortem to postmortem course revealed by multiple CT images and the histopathological examination provided crucial clues to the pathogenesis of PTCI in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Radiology, Tsukuba International University, Tsukuba, 300-0051, Japan
| | - Takakazu Komatsu
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sawada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Oshima
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kie Horioka
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden; Department of Forensic Medicine, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
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9
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Sano R, Yokobori T, Harimoto N, Saeki H, Kominato Y, Shirabe K, Yazawa S. A novel genotyping method for rapid identification of the Le gene to select patients for diagnosis with CA19-9. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 538:181-188. [PMID: 36403666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antigenic determinant of CA19-9 is synthesized by the α1,3/4fucosyltransferase encoded by the Le gene in the Lewis blood group system. Accordingly, a diagnosis with CA19-9 is not appropriate forLe-negative patients who possess the Le gene-mutated le alleles homozygously. METHODS A Le gene-specific PCR was undertaken to determine c59T>G by using a set of tag-sense and biotin-labeled anti-sense primers and a peptide nucleic acid-le-clamp which bound to G59 in the le alleles. Following mixing with streptavidin-coatedbluelatex beads, the PCR products were developed on a strip on which the complementary tag oligonucleotide to theLe gene-specific amplicon was immobilized. RESULTS When the PCR products were developed on the strip, a clear line was rapidly observed in Le-positive but not in Le-negative individuals. In contrast, a significant number of cancer patients with Lewis-negative phenotype were found to possess CA19-9, while they were specifically genotyped asLe/-. No contradictory results were observed in cancer patients (n = 315) with respect to their Lewis genotypes and CA19-9 levels. CONCLUSIONS c59T>G occurred commonly in the le alleles could be specifically and rapidly identified by the present method. This method appeared to be relevant forselecting cancer patientsto bediagnosed with CA19-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Harimoto
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shin Yazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
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10
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Kubo N, Yazawa S, Yokobori T, Sano R, Eguchi H, Kobayashi S, Akita H, Mitsufuji S, Yamashita YI, Nakao Y, Fujii T, Okumura T, Shibuya K, Hoshino Y, Yamada S, Hayashi M, Shimokawa M, Shirabe K. The malignant potential of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm is reflected in expression levels of fucosylated glycans in α 1 -acid glycoprotein. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2022; 30:503-513. [PMID: 35776060 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) involves multiple histopathological stages from benign to malignant lesions. Further, a biomarker to diagnose the malignant IPMN (IPMC) is clinically relevant. Recently, we found that serum fucosylated α1 -acid glycoprotein (fAGP) level markedly elevated along with disease progression in large cohorts of patients with various cancers. METHODS The fAGP level was retrospectively analyzed in preoperative sera from 109 patients with IPMN, and the clinical relevance of fAGP was compared with currently available predictors as standard. RESULTS The fAGP level in IPMC was found to be significantly higher than in benign IPMN (P=0.0012). At a cutoff value of 27.04 U/μg, its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for IPMC were determined to be 83.61, 65.96 and 75.93%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that the fAGP level was the only independent risk factor for predicting IPMC. Additionally, a combination of the fAGP level and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on the PET/CT imaging in the lesions seemed to offer the best diagnosis of IPMN. Accordingly, 27 of the 28 patients who were positive in both tests had IPMC, while patients who are negative had benign IPMN. CONCLUSIONS The fAGP level appeared to be a relevant biomarker for malignant potential of IPMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Kubo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shin Yazawa
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Suguru Mitsufuji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Okumura
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Shibuya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yui Hoshino
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Suguru Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Shimokawa
- Department of Biostatistics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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11
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Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Sano R, Fukuda H, Kubo R, Tokue H, Okawa T, Kawamura M, Kominato Y. Usefulness of a tissue optical clearing technique for forensic autopsy. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1124-1131. [PMID: 35088897 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Forensic pathologists are required to investigate lethal trauma or disease at autopsy. In addition to massive contusions of various organs, a number of small features with potentially fatal implications also need to be sought. Since such lesions may need microscopic examinations for detailed evaluation, it is important to select suitable anatomic locations for tissue sampling. For practical screening of small lesions, we have developed a tissue optical clearing (TOC) technique for forensic autopsy. The technique involves clearing with a non-toxic organic solvent, ethyl cinnamate, which renders excised organs transparent, while hemorrhages or blood-containing vessels remain opaque. Using this technique, tiny hemorrhages in the spinal cord were able to be identified by gross examination, allowing proper selection of locations for tissue sampling. Subsequent histopathological evaluation was successfully performed with no apparent artifacts related with the TOC procedure. In addition, a combination of TOC and targeted CT angiography allowed feasible examination of the arterial occlusive lesion in the superior mesenteric artery, and when combined with micro-CT scanning it was useful for evaluating the lumen of the coronary artery with stent implantation. The results obtained so far indicated that TOC could complement routine forensic autopsy procedures when detailed evaluation of small lesions is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Miki Kawamura
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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12
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Hayakawa A, Sano R, Takahashi Y, Okawa T, Kubo R, Harada M, Fukuda H, Yokohama A, Handa H, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Tsuneyama H, Tsukada J, Kominato Y. Reduction of blood group A antigen on erythrocytes in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome harboring somatic mutations in RUNX1 and GATA2. Transfusion 2021; 62:469-480. [PMID: 34918362 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduction of blood group ABO antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) is well known in patients with leukemias, and this reduction of ABO expression is strongly associated with DNA methylation of the ABO promoter. Previously, we reported a two-nucleotide deletion in RUNX1 encoding an abnormally elongated protein lacking the trans-activation domain in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) showing A-antigen loss on RBCs. This prompted us to investigate the underlying mechanism responsible for A-antigen reduction on RBCs in another patient with MDS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Screening of somatic mutations was carried out using a targeted sequencing panel with genomic DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient and eleven MDS controls without A- or B-antigen loss. DNA methylation of the ABO promoter was examined by bisulfite genomic sequencing. Transient transfection assays were performed for functional evaluation of mutations. RESULTS Screening of somatic mutations showed missense mutations in RUNX1 and GATA2 in the patient, while no mutation was found in exons of those genes in the controls. There was no significant difference in ABO promoter methylation between the patient and the controls. Transient transfection experiments into COS-7 and K562 cells suggested that the amino acid substitutions encoded by those mutations reduced or lost the trans-activation potential of the ABO expression. CONCLUSION Considering the discrepancy between the variant frequencies of these mutations and the ratios of the RBCs with A-antigens loss, the antigen reduction might be associated with these somatic mutations and hypermethylation of the ABO promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Harada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hatsue Tsuneyama
- Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsukada
- Department of Hematology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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13
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Fukuda H, Sano R, Hayakawa A, Takahashi Y, Okawa T, Kubo R, Takei H, Awata S, Tokue H, Akuzawa H, Yuasa M, Kominato Y. Investigation of the applicability of virtual gastroscopy based on postmortem computed tomography to detect changes in the stomach, along with reports of three rare cases. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 52:101898. [PMID: 33962163 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem computed tomography is now being used more commonly for routine forensic investigation. The use of 3D reconstruction techniques including virtual gastroscopy is effective and also improves the speed of interpretation, recognition, and description of specific clinical conditions. However, it has been unclear whether postmortem virtual endoscopy could be applicable for medicolegal autopsy or whether it could complement pathological examination at autopsy. Here, we investigated the applicability of postmortem virtual gastroscopy by reviewing 295 medicolegal autopsy cases seen at our institution, and found four cases in which the technique had been able to demonstrate features corresponding to changes that were evident at autopsy. Thus,postmortem virtual gastroscopy would have only rarely been effective forvisualizing any change in the stomach in such cases. In addition, we describe in detail three of those cases in which virtual gastroscopy had been able to visualize changes in the stomach, including a gastric ulcer, a polyp, and the presence of foamy fluid, which were all verified at autopsy. In those cases, virtual gastroscopy was useful for understanding features in the stomach of the deceased, which were revealed by axial images of the abdomen, to forensic pathologists who were not familiar with PMCT 2D images. Taken together, our findings suggest that postmortem virtual gastroscopy might help facilitate clear, straightforward sharing of information about PMCT images of complex anatomical structures among radiologists and forensic pathologists, as well as non-medical professionals with a limited knowledge of anatomy and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sachiko Awata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hisashi Akuzawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, Maebashi 371-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yuasa
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, Maebashi 371-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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14
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Muranushi R, Araki K, Yokobori T, Chingunjav B, Hoshino K, Dolgormaa G, Hagiwara K, Yamanaka T, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Igarashi T, Watanabe A, Kubo N, Harimoto N, Shimoda Y, Sano R, Oyama T, Saeki H, Shirabe K. High membrane expression of CMTM6 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with tumor recurrence. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3314-3323. [PMID: 34080242 PMCID: PMC8353897 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing protein 6 (CMTM6) maintains membrane PD-L1 expression by controlling its endosomal recycling. However, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the correlation among CMTM6, B7 family ligands, and CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and the molecular function of CMTM6 in HCC have not been established. We performed immunohistochemistry to evaluate the relationships among CMTM6 expression, clinicopathological factors, B7 family ligands expression, and CTL infiltration in HCC samples. Moreover, we established CMTM6-knockout human HCC cell lines to evaluate the function of human CMTM6 in immune regulation and tumor viability. CMTM6 expression was positively associated with membrane B7 family ligands expression and CTL infiltration in HCC samples. High CMTM6 expression in HCC tissues was associated with the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and shorter recurrence-free survival. In vitro analysis showed the downregulation of membrane B7 family ligands and proliferation potency in the CMTM6-knockout human HCC cell line. High membrane CMTM6 expression was associated with tumor recurrence and proliferation via the regulation of membranous B7 family ligands expression. Thus, CMTM6 might be a biomarker to predict the risk of HCC recurrence and a therapeutic target to suppress tumor growth and increase CTL activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Muranushi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Japan
| | - Batbayar Chingunjav
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kouki Hoshino
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Gantumur Dolgormaa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kei Hagiwara
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamanaka
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takamichi Igarashi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Harimoto
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimoda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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15
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Tokue H, Kominato Y, Sano R, Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Fukuda H, Tokue A, Tsushima Y. Characteristic postmortem computed tomography findings of ingestion of benzine. BJR Case Rep 2021; 7:20200212. [PMID: 34131507 PMCID: PMC8171135 DOI: 10.1259/bjrcr.20200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There are some reports investigating the cause of death by examining the contents of the stomach and duodenum using postmortem computed tomography, but most of these have been based on radiopaque contents. Here, we report a case of suicide after ingesting a large amount of benzine. Although the gastric contents were radiolucent, the characteristic postmortem computed tomography imaging findings helped to determine the cause of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Azusa Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
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16
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Peterson B, Kawamura G, van de Giessen P, Mukai K, Tanaka H, Sano R, Pandya S, Dai S, Masuzaki S, Akiyama T, Kobayashi M, Goto M, Motojima G, Sakamoto R, Ohno N, Morisaki T, Miyazawa J. Experimental observations and modelling of radiation asymmetries during N2 seeding in LHD. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Sano R, Fukuda H, Harada M, Kubo R, Okawa T, Kominato Y. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress ACE2 and ABO simultaneously, suggesting a preventive potential against COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3379. [PMID: 33564039 PMCID: PMC7873266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide as a pandemic throughout 2020. Since the virus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for cellular entry, increment of ACE2 would lead to an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. At the same time, an association of the ABO blood group system with COVID-19 has also been highlighted: there is increasing evidence to suggest that non-O individuals are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 than O individuals. These findings imply that simultaneous suppression of ACE2 and ABO would be a promising approach for prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Notably, we have previously clarified that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are able to suppress ABO expression in vitro. Against this background, we further evaluated the effect of HDACIs on cultured epithelial cell lines, and found that HDACIs suppress both ACE2 and ABO expression simultaneously. Furthermore, the amount of ACE2 protein was shown to be decreased by one of the clinically-used HDACIs, panobinostat, which has been reported to reduce B-antigens on cell surfaces. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that panobinostat could have the potential to serve as a preventive drug against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Megumi Harada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
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18
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Sano R, Ishii Y, Yamanaka M, Yasui Y, Kemmochi Y, Kuroki F, Sugimoto M, Fukuda S, Sasase T, Miyajima K, Nakae D, Ohta T. Glomerular hyperfiltration with hyperglycemia in the spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, an obese type 2 diabetic model. Physiol Res 2021; 70:45-54. [PMID: 33453716 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular hyperfiltration is observed in an early stage of kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy. A better understanding of pathophysiological changes in glomerular hyperfiltration is essential for development of new therapies to prevent kidney disease progression. In this study, we investigated glomerular changes including glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and glomerular size in the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, an obese type 2 diabetic model, and we also evaluated pharmacological effects of the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on the renal lesions. Dapagliflozin was administered to SDT fatty rats from 5 to 17 weeks of age. Blood and urinary biochemical parameters were periodically measured. GFR was determined by transdermal GFR monitor at 16 weeks of age and histopathological analysis was performed at 17 weeks of age. SDT fatty rat developed severe hyperglycemia and exhibited pathophysiological abnormalities in the kidney, such as an increased GFR, glomerular hypertrophy and tissue lesions. Dapagliflozin achieved good glycemic control during the experimental period, inhibited the increase in GFR, and improved histopathological abnormalities in tubules. These results suggest that the SDT fatty rat is a useful model for analyzing the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy during its early stage and dapagliflozin improves not only hyperglycemia but also glomerular hyperfiltration and tubule lesions in SDT fatty rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sano
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., Osaka, Japan.
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19
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Takahashi Y, Sano R, Hayakawa A, Fukuda H, Kubo R, Okawa T, Tokue H, Takei H, Kominato Y. Superimposed CT imaging using fusion function to visualize the relationship between the knife and the wound path in a stabbing victim. J Forensic Sci 2020; 66:1148-1153. [PMID: 33320985 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing use of postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) in medicolegal autopsies, three-dimensional (3D) models of injured areas can now be generated from multislice computed tomography images. However, since PMCT has low sensitivity for detecting injuries in solid organs in the absence of contrast administration, it has been difficult to demonstrate the tracks of stab wounds leading to solid organ injury using 3D reconstruction. Here, we report one homicide case with two stab wounds. On the skin surface, the stab wounds were located on the neck and anterior chest wall. A medicolegal autopsy revealed that one stab wound in the neck had penetrated the wall of the right pleural cavity and the upper portion of the right lung whereas the other stab wound in the anterior chest wall had penetrated the right diaphragm and the heart. To illustrate the tracks of the stab wounds, superimposed CT images of the body, the excised organ, and a knife model were constructed to obtain a 3D model. This allowed clear and concise visualization of the complex relationship of the knife to the heart incision and the stab wound on the chest surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Haruki Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takafumi Okawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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20
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Nakajima T, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Kaneko Y, Hamano SI, Sano R, Tamura S, Hasegawa H, Kobari T, Kominato Y, Nishiyama M, Kurabayashi M. Novel Cardiocerebral Channelopathy Associated with a KCND3 V392I Mutation. Int Heart J 2020; 61:1049-1055. [PMID: 32921676 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While a KCND3 V392I mutation uniquely displays a mixed electrophysiological phenotype of Kv4.3, only limited clinical information on the mutation carriers is available. We report two teenage siblings exhibiting both cardiac (early repolarization syndrome and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation) and cerebral phenotypes (epilepsy and intellectual disability), in whom we identified the KCND3 V392I mutation. We propose a link between the KCND3 mutation with a mixed electrophysiological phenotype and cardiocerebral phenotypes, which may be defined as a novel cardiocerebral channelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Reika Kawabata-Iwakawa
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research
| | - Yoshiaki Kaneko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shuntaro Tamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kobari
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
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Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Sano R, Fukuda H, Kubo R, Kominato Y, Kimura S, Takada A, Saito K, Takei H, Awata S, Tokue H. Tuberous sclerosis related-lesions detected by postmortem computed tomography. Forensic Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Tokunaga S, Moreau P, Signoret J, Imbeaux F, Tsitrone E, Loarer T, Salmon T, Hutter T, Giruzzi G, Joffrin E, De Tommasi G, Sartori F, Farthing J, Nakanishi H, Ozeki T, Asakura N, Sakamoto Y, Ohtsu H, Sugie Y, Suzuki S, Fukuda M, Nakano T, Sano R, Ishii Y, Clement-Lorenzo S, Nakajima N. Remote experiment with WEST from ITER Remote Experimentation Centre. Fusion Engineering and Design 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kominato Y, Sano R, Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Ogasawara K. Human ABO gene transcriptional regulation. Transfusion 2020; 60:860-869. [PMID: 32216153 PMCID: PMC7187371 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Hayakawa A, Sano R, Takahashi Y, Kubo R, Harada M, Omata M, Yokohama A, Handa H, Tsukada J, Takeshita H, Tsuneyama H, Ogasawara K, Kominato Y. RUNX1 mutation in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome and decreased erythrocyte expression of blood group A antigen. Transfusion 2019; 60:184-196. [PMID: 31840280 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of blood group ABO antigens on red blood cells (RBCs) is well known in patients with leukemias, and such decreased ABO expression has been reported to be strongly associated with hypermethylation of the ABO promoter. We investigated the underlying mechanism responsible for A-antigen reduction on RBCs in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Genetic analysis of ABO was performed by PCR and sequencing using peripheral blood. RT-PCR were carried out using cDNA prepared from total bone marrow (BM) cells. Bisulfite genomic sequencing was performed using genomic DNA from BM cells. Screening of somatic mutations was carried out using a targeted sequencing panel with genomic DNA from BM cells, followed by transient transfection assays. RESULTS Genetic analysis of ABO did not reveal any mutation in coding regions, splice sites, or regulatory regions. RT-PCR demonstrated reduction of A-transcripts when the patient's RBCs were not agglutinated by anti-A antibody and did not indicate any significant increase of alternative splicing products in the patient relative to the control. DNA methylation of the ABO promoter was not obvious in erythroid cells. Targeted sequencing identified somatic mutations in ASXL1, EZH2, RUNX1, and WT1. Experiments involving transient transfection into K562 cells showed that the expression of ABO was decreased by expression of the mutated RUNX1. CONCLUSION Because the RUNX1 mutation encoded an abnormally elongated protein without a transactivation domain which could act as dominant negative inhibitor, this frame-shift mutation in RUNX1 may be a genetic candidate contributing to A-antigen loss on RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Megumi Harada
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masato Omata
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsukada
- Department of Hematology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Haruo Takeshita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Yokobori T, Yazawa S, Asao T, Nakazawa N, Mogi A, Sano R, Kuwano H, Kaira K, Shirabe K. Fucosylated α 1-acid glycoprotein as a biomarker to predict prognosis following tumor immunotherapy of patients with lung cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14503. [PMID: 31601857 PMCID: PMC6787216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint molecules has provided remarkable clinical benefits in cancer patients but no clinically relevant biomarker for predicting treatment outcomes exists. Recently, we demonstrated that glycan structures of serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) changed dramatically in cancer patients and that α1,3fucosylated AGP (fAGP) levels increased along with disease progression and decreased responding to chemotherapy treatments. Here, the fAGP was analyzed in sera prospectively obtained from 39 patients with advanced lung cancer who underwent immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibody, nivolumab. Twenty-three patients had significantly high fAGP levels above the cut-off value (H-fAGP) at one month after starting the treatment and 20 patients in this group, whose tumor sizes did not decrease, maintained high fAGP levels continuously and subsequently died. However, the other 16 patients, whose fAGP levels decreased or maintained below the cut-off value (L-fAGP), survived during a 2-year observation even though 5 patients in this group had no tumor shrinkage. Accordingly, the overall survival rate was found to significantly correlate with the fAGP level. Multivariate analyses revealed that the H-fAGP was an independent risk factor for cancer progression. Therefore, the fAGP level appeared to be a reliable biomarker for predicting clinical efficacy of immunotherapy with nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Shin Yazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nakazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Mogi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Medical Center, Saitama University Hospital, Hidaka, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Takahashi Y, Kubo R, Sano R, Kuninaka H, Murayama M, Hayakawa A, Kominato Y. DNA methylation of the NR3C1 promoter region in brains of pediatric victims of physical abuse. Neurocase 2018; 24:269-275. [PMID: 30810493 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2019.1582678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress (ELS) has been suggested to cause epigenetic changes to genes in the brain, such as the Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 3, Group C, Member 1 gene (NR3C1). Conversely, evaluation of the epigenetic status in the postmortem brain might provide clues to the antemortem ELS experience. We examined DNA methylation of the 1F promoter region of NR3C1 in the postmortem brains of eight children including four ELS cases. As a result, DNA methylation was evident in ELS cases due to severe physical abuse. Epigenetic status may have potential application as a biomarker for clarifying the antemortem experiences of deceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takahashi
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi , Japan.,b Lieber Institute for Brain Development , Johns Hopkins Medical Campus , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Rieko Kubo
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi , Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi , Japan
| | - Hikaru Kuninaka
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi , Japan
| | - Masayuki Murayama
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi , Japan
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi , Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- a Department of Legal Medicine , Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Maebashi , Japan
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27
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Hayakawa A, Sano R, Takei H, Takahashi Y, Kubo R, Tokue H, Hirasawa S, Shimada T, Awata S, Yuasa M, Uetake S, Akuzawa H, Kominato Y. Tattoo image composed of radiopaque deposits demonstrated by postmortem computed tomography. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2018; 35:9-11. [PMID: 30227264 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is becoming used more commonly in routine forensic investigation. CT is sensitive for detection of metal foreign bodies. Here we report a case of suicide due to self-ignition of kerosene that the victim had poured over herself. Prior to autopsy, PMCT detected tiny radiopaque particles arranged in a row in the surface of the back and either thigh, together with a series of similar particles under the skin lateral to the breasts or the bilateral inguinal region. At autopsy, external examination revealed third-degree burns involving charred tissues all over the body except for the head. Tattoos were visible on the back and on either thigh. The tattoos had colored designs, and the red portions corresponded to the radiopaque particles in the surface of the body. Internal examination demonstrated swelling of the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, which corresponded to the radiopaque particles. A wave length-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed deposition of mercury and titanium in the inguinal lymph nodes. Thus, it was plausible that the ink could have contributed to the radiopaque particles found by PMCT in the surface of the back and thighs, as well in the lymph nodes. The present case was able to provide clues for interpretation of radiopaque particles revealed by PMCT in the surface of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore MD21205, USA
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirasawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiro Shimada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sachiko Awata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yuasa
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, Maebashi 371-8580, Japan
| | - Shinji Uetake
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, Maebashi 371-8580, Japan
| | - Hisashi Akuzawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, Maebashi 371-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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Sano R, Takahashi Y, Hayakawa A, Murayama M, Kubo R, Hirasawa S, Tokue H, Shimada T, Awata S, Takei H, Yuasa M, Uetake S, Akuzawa H, Kominato Y. Use of postmortem computed tomography to retrieve small metal fragments derived from a weapon in the bodies of victims in two homicide cases. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2018; 32:87-89. [PMID: 29605791 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) is becoming a commonly used modality in routine forensic investigation. Mechanical injuries including lacerations, incisions, stab wounds and gunshot wounds frequently contain foreign bodies that may have significant value as clues in criminal investigations. CT is a sensitive modality for detection of metal foreign bodies that may be associated with injuries to the victim in cases of homicide or traffic accidents. Here we report two cases in which PMCT was able to act as a guide to forensic pathologists for retrieval of metal fragments in the corpses of the victims, the retrieved fragments then being used to validate the confessions of the assailants through comparison with the knife and the crowbar, respectively, that had been used in the crimes. In these cases, the small metal fragments retrieved from the corpses of the victims with the aid of PMCT were decisive pieces of evidence confirming the circumstances of the crimes. These cases illustrate how PMCT can be used to complement the findings of classical autopsy for integrative investigation of corpses with injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Akira Hayakawa
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masayuki Murayama
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirasawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiro Shimada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sachiko Awata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yuasa
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, 371-8580, Japan
| | - Shinji Uetake
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, 371-8580, Japan
| | - Hisashi Akuzawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory of Gunma Prefectural Police Headquarter, 371-8580, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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Takei H, Sano R, Takahashi Y, Takahashi K, Kominato Y, Tokue H, Shimada T, Awata S, Hirasawa S, Ohta N. Usefulness of coronary postmortem computed tomography angiography to detect lesions in the coronary artery and myocardium in cases of sudden death. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2017; 30:46-51. [PMID: 29175582 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Coronary postmortem computed tomography angiography (coronary PMCTA) has been introduced as a routine examination procedure for autopsy at our department. Here, we reviewed eight autopsy cases in which apparent histopathological changes including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA), hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and acute myocarditis were involved in the cause of death. For investigation of the coronary artery and shape of the heart, coronary PMCTA was valuable in detecting narrowing or obstruction of coronary artery in AMI, indicating an anomalous aortic origin of the left coronary artery in AAOCA, and demonstrating septal hypertrophy and intracavitary obstruction in HOCM. However, it was debatable whether the hypervascularity demonstrated by coronary PMCTA in the case of acute myocarditis was more prominent than the vascular images obtained in other cases without inflammation. Thus, coronary PMCTA appeared to be useful not only for detection of coronary artery stenosis, but also for indicating other distinctive changes involved in AAOCA and HOCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takei
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Gunma University Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan; Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; Lieber Institute for Brain Develoment, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiro Shimada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sachiko Awata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirasawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Naoya Ohta
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Gunma University Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
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30
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Sano R, Fukuda H, Takahashi Y, Takahashi K, Kubo R, Kobayashi M, Fujihara J, Takeshita H, Kominato Y. Sequence analysis of ABO and its homologues is valid for species identification. Transfus Med 2017; 27:428-436. [PMID: 28850748 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABO and its paralogues, such as A3GALT2 and GGTA1, encoding α1,3-Gal(NAc) transferases, belong to the glycosyltransferase 6 (GT6) gene family. We have developed an alternative method for the identification of species based on sequence variations within the GT6 gene family, which is applicable to degraded DNA. METHODS/MATERIALS DNA samples prepared from control mammalian species, together with an unknown sample, were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified using one universal primer pair targeting the sequences in the last coding exons of the GT6 gene family, yielding 141-bp products derived from those multiple loci. After cloning, sequence determination and Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis, phylogenetic trees were constructed. RESULTS Comparison of the sequences obtained with those references showed good concordance with each of the starting species of mammals. This system was able to identify 'mouse' or 'rodent' as the origin of the unknown sample. CONCLUSION For the identification of species, genotyping of ABO and its homologues would be applicable for the analysis of degraded DNA samples. Although the method employed in this study is likely valid for mammals, it would not be suitable for birds, fish and reptiles. It may be possible to improve the present method for use with other species by employing an alternative universal primer set.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - H Fukuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - R Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - J Fujihara
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - H Takeshita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Y Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Tanaka H, Kawamura G, Masuzaki S, Kobayashi M, Akiyama T, Peterson B, Mukai K, Sano R, Dai S, Sakamoto R, Morisaki T, Ohno N. Toroidally symmetric/asymmetric effect on the divertor flux due to neon/nitrogen seeding in LHD. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Takahashi Y, Kubo R, Sano R, Nakajima T, Takahashi K, Kobayashi M, Handa H, Tsukada J, Kominato Y. Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress ABO transcription in vitro, leading to reduced expression of the antigens. Transfusion 2016; 57:554-562. [PMID: 28019030 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ABO system is of fundamental importance in the fields of transfusion and transplantation and has apparent associations with certain diseases, including cardiovascular disorders. ABO expression is reduced in the late phase of erythroid differentiation in vitro, whereas histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are known to promote cell differentiation. Therefore, whether or not HDACIs could reduce the amount of ABO transcripts and A or B antigens is an intriguing issue. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reactions were carried out for the ABO transcripts in erythroid-lineage K562 and epithelial-lineage KATOIII cells after incubation with HDACIs, such as sodium butyrate, panobinostat, vorinostat, and sodium valproate. Flow cytometric analysis was conducted to evaluate the amounts of antigen in KATOIII cells treated with panobinostat. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and luciferase assays were performed on both cell types to examine the mechanisms of ABO suppression. RESULTS HDACIs reduced the ABO transcripts in both K562 and KATOIII cells, with panobinostat exerting the most significant effect. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a decrease in B-antigen expression on panobinostat-treated KATOIII cells. ChIP assays indicated that panobinostat altered the modification of histones in the transcriptional regulatory regions of ABO, and luciferase assays demonstrated reduced activity of these elements. CONCLUSION ABO transcription seems to be regulated by an epigenetic mechanism. Panobinostat appears to suppress ABO transcription, reducing the amount of antigens on the surface of cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tamiko Nakajima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Momoko Kobayashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsukada
- Department of Hematology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu City, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Tanaka E, Yamano E, Dalla-Bona DA, Watanabe M, Inubushi T, Shirakura M, Sano R, Takahashi K, van Eijden T, Tanne K. Dynamic Compressive Properties of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage. J Dent Res 2016; 85:571-5. [PMID: 16723658 DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mandibular condylar cartilage plays an important role as a stress absorber during function. However, relatively little information is available on its dynamic properties under compression. We hypothesized that these properties are region-specific and depend on loading frequency. To characterize the viscoelastic properties of the condylar cartilage, we performed dynamic indentation tests over a wide range of loading frequencies. Ten porcine mandibular condyles were used; the articular surface was divided into 4 regions, anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, and posterolateral. The dynamic complex, storage, and loss moduli increased with frequency, and these values were the highest in the anteromedial region. Loss tangent decreased with frequency from 0.68 to 0.17, but a regional difference was not found. The present results suggest that the dynamic compressive modulus is region-specific and is dependent on the loading frequency, which might have important implications for the transmission of load in the temporomandibular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
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Mukai K, Peterson BJ, Takayama S, Sano R. In situ calibration of the foil detector for an infrared imaging video bolometer using a carbon evaporation technique. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E124. [PMID: 27910579 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The InfraRed imaging Video Bolometer (IRVB) is a useful diagnostic for the multi-dimensional measurement of plasma radiation profiles. For the application of IRVB measurement to the neutron environment in fusion plasma devices such as the Large Helical Device (LHD), in situ calibration of the thermal characteristics of the foil detector is required. Laser irradiation tests of sample foils show that the reproducibility and uniformity of the carbon coating for the foil were improved using a vacuum evaporation method. Also, the principle of the in situ calibration system was justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mukai
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki 502-5292, Japan
| | - B J Peterson
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki 502-5292, Japan
| | - S Takayama
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Toki 502-5292, Japan
| | - R Sano
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka 311-0193, Japan
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van Eden GG, Reinke ML, Peterson BJ, Gray TK, Delgado-Aparicio LF, Jaworski MA, Lore J, Mukai K, Sano R, Pandya SN, Morgan TW. Design and characterization of a prototype divertor viewing infrared video bolometer for NSTX-U. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D402. [PMID: 27910411 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The InfraRed Video Bolometer (IRVB) is a powerful tool to measure radiated power in magnetically confined plasmas due to its ability to obtain 2D images of plasma emission using a technique that is compatible with the fusion nuclear environment. A prototype IRVB has been developed and installed on NSTX-U to view the lower divertor. The IRVB is a pinhole camera which images radiation from the plasma onto a 2.5 μm thick, 9 × 7 cm2 Pt foil and monitors the resulting spatio-temporal temperature evolution using an IR camera. The power flux incident on the foil is calculated by solving the 2D+time heat diffusion equation, using the foil's calibrated thermal properties. An optimized, high frame rate IRVB, is quantitatively compared to results from a resistive bolometer on the bench using a modulated 405 nm laser beam with variable power density and square wave modulation from 0.2 Hz to 250 Hz. The design of the NSTX-U system and benchtop characterization are presented where signal-to-noise ratios are assessed using three different IR cameras: FLIR A655sc, FLIR A6751sc, and SBF-161. The sensitivity of the IRVB equipped with the SBF-161 camera is found to be high enough to measure radiation features in the NSTX-U lower divertor as estimated using SOLPS modeling. The optimized IRVB has a frame rate up to 50 Hz, high enough to distinguish radiation during edge-localized-modes (ELMs) from that between ELMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G van Eden
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M L Reinke
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - B J Peterson
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T K Gray
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - L F Delgado-Aparicio
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - M A Jaworski
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - J Lore
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K Mukai
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - R Sano
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka 311-0193, Japan
| | - S N Pandya
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat Village, Gandhinagar, 382428 Gujarat, India
| | - T W Morgan
- Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Peterson BJ, Sano R, Reinke ML, Canik JM, Delgado-Aparicio LF, Lore JD, Mukai K, Gray TK, van Eden GG, Jaworski MA. Preliminary design of a tangentially viewing imaging bolometer for NSTX-U. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11D410. [PMID: 27910451 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The infrared imaging video bolometer (IRVB) measures plasma radiated power images using a thin metal foil. Two different designs with a tangential view of NSTX-U are made assuming a 640 × 480 (1280 × 1024) pixel, 30 (105) fps, 50 (20) mK, IR camera imaging the 9 cm × 9 cm × 2 μm Pt foil. The foil is divided into 40 × 40 (64 × 64) IRVB channels. This gives a spatial resolution of 3.4 (2.2) cm on the machine mid-plane. The noise equivalent power density of the IRVB is given as 113 (46) μW/cm2 for a time resolution of 33 (20) ms. Synthetic images derived from Scrape Off Layer Plasma Simulation data using the IRVB geometry show peak signal levels ranging from ∼0.8 to ∼80 (∼0.36 to ∼26) mW/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Peterson
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - R Sano
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka, Ibaraki 311-0193, Japan
| | - M L Reinke
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J M Canik
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - J D Lore
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - K Mukai
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - T K Gray
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - G G van Eden
- FOM Institute DIFFER, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M A Jaworski
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
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Kuninaka H, Takahashi Y, Sano R, Takahashi K, Kubo R, Kominato Y, Takei H, Kobayashi S, Shimada T, Tokue H, Awata S, Hirasawa S. Use of postmortem computed tomography angiography to detect vascular injuries accompanying skull base fracture. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 23:55-58. [PMID: 27890105 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A 58-year-old woman who had presented for upper gastrointestinal barium examination accidently slipped from the movable bed, and her head became compressed between the end of the bed and the side wall. She suffered massive bleeding from her nose and ear followed by cardiac arrest, and subsequent attempts at cardiopulmonary resuscitation failed. A medicolegal autopsy was performed to reveal the cause of death, as part of the investigation of the accident. During the autopsy, postmortem cerebral CT angiography was carried out by injection of 5% gelatin-barium emulsion as a radiopaque contrast medium into the bilateral common carotid arteries, demonstrating transudation of the contrast medium into the right acoustic meatus and the sphenoidal sinus cavity. Considering that the body appeared anemic and that PMCTA suggested vascular injuries, the cause of death was definitively determined to be hemorrhagic shock due to injuries to the right internal carotid artery, accompanied by skull base fracture. Postmortem CT angiography played an important role in confirming that the vascular injuries had been responsible for the bleeding, as the lesions could not be fully confirmed by native CT or macroscopic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kuninaka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Susumu Kobayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiro Shimada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sachiko Awata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirasawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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Sano R, Nakajima T, Takahashi Y, Kubo R, Kobayashi M, Takahashi K, Takeshita H, Ogasawara K, Kominato Y. Epithelial Expression of Human ABO Blood Group Genes Is Dependent upon a Downstream Regulatory Element Functioning through an Epithelial Cell-specific Transcription Factor, Elf5. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22594-22606. [PMID: 27587399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.730655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ABO blood group system is of great importance in blood transfusion and organ transplantation. The ABO system is composed of complex carbohydrate structures that are biosynthesized by A- and B-transferases encoded by the ABO gene. However, the mechanisms regulating ABO gene expression in epithelial cells remain obscure. On the basis of DNase I-hypersensitive sites in and around ABO in epithelial cells, we prepared reporter plasmid constructs including these sites. Subsequent luciferase assays and histone modifications indicated a novel positive regulatory element, designated the +22.6-kb site, downstream from ABO, and this was shown to enhance ABO promoter activity in an epithelial cell-specific manner. Expression of ABO and B-antigen was reduced in gastric cancer KATOIII cells by biallelic deletion of the +22.6-kb site using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the site bound to an epithelial cell-specific transcription factor, Elf5. Mutation of the Ets binding motifs to abrogate binding of this factor reduced the regulatory activity of the +22.6-kb site. Furthermore, ELF5 knockdown with shRNA reduced both endogenous transcription from ABO and B-antigen expression in KATOIII cells. Thus, Elf5 appeared to be involved in the enhancer potential of the +22.6-kb site. These results support the contention that ABO expression is dependent upon a downstream positive regulatory element functioning through a tissue-restricted transcription factor, Elf5, in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Sano
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan,
| | - Tamiko Nakajima
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Momoko Kobayashi
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
| | - Haruo Takeshita
- the Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan, and
| | | | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- From the Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, 371-8511 Japan
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Takahashi Y, Sano R, Kominato Y, Kubo R, Takahashi K, Nakajima T, Takeshita H, Ishige T. A case of sudden unexpected infant death involving a homozygotic twin with the thermolabile CPT2 variant, accompanied by rotavirus infection and treatment with an antibiotic containing pivalic acid. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2016; 22:13-7. [PMID: 27591533 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a case of sudden unexpected death involving a 22-month-old male homozygotic twin infant. After both of the twins had suffered from gastroenteritis, one was found dead in his bed, but his brother survived and has since been healthy. Notably, only the deceased had been treated with an antibiotic containing pivalic acid, which may sometimes cause hypocarnitinemia. Postmortem computed tomography and medicolegal autopsy demonstrated severe liver steatosis, and subsequent genetic analysis revealed that the twin had the thermolabile variant of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2). On the basis of these facts, we concluded that the cause of death had been fatty acid oxidation deficiency accelerated by an antibiotic containing pivalic acid and virus infection in this infant harboring the thermolabile genetic variant of CPT2. Although each factor alone was not fatal, their combination appeared to have resulted in sudden unexpected infant death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Rieko Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiko Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tamiko Nakajima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Haruo Takeshita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishige
- Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Hospital, Japan
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Yazawa S, Takahashi R, Yokobori T, Sano R, Mogi A, Saniabadi AR, Kuwano H, Asao T. Fucosylated Glycans in α1-Acid Glycoprotein for Monitoring Treatment Outcomes and Prognosis of Cancer Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156277. [PMID: 27295180 PMCID: PMC4905682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One standard treatment option for advanced-stage cancer is surgical resection of malignant tumors following by adjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Additionally, neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be applied if required. During the time course of treatments, patients are generally followed by computed tomography (CT) surveillance, and by tumor marker diagnosis. However, currently, early evidence of recurrence and/or metastasis of tumors with a clinically relevant biomarker remains a major therapeutic challenge. In particular, there has been no validated biomarker for predicting treatment outcomes in therapeutic settings. Recently, we have looked at glycoforms of serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) by using a crossed affinoimmunoelectrophoresis with two lectins and an anti-AGP antibody. The primary glycan structures of AGP were also analyzed by a mass spectrometer and a novel software in a large number of patients with various cancers. Accordingly, the relative abundance of α1,3fucosylated glycans in AGP (FUCAGP) was found to be significantly high in cancer patients as compared with the healthy controls. Further, strikingly elevated levels of FUCAGP were found in patients with poor prognosis but not in patients with good prognosis. In the current study, levels of FUCAGP in serum samples from various cancer patients were analyzed and 17 patients including 13 who had undergone chemotherapy were followed for several years post operation. FUCAGP level determined diligently by using a mass spectrometer was found to change along with disease prognosis as well as with responses to treatments, in particular, to various chemotherapies. Therefore, FUCAGP levels measured during following-up of the patients after operation appeared to be clinically relevant biomarker of treatment intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akira Mogi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Abby R. Saniabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Big Data Center for Integrative Analysis, Gunma University Initiative for Advance Research, Maebashi, Japan
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Fujihara J, Kimura-Kataoka K, Yasuda T, Sano R, Kominato Y, Takeshita H. Association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs6180) in GHR gene with plural tissue weight. J Genet 2016; 95:189-92. [PMID: 27019449 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Fujihara
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, 693-8501
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Zhou Z, Rajabzadeh S, Rajjak Shaikh A, Kakihana Y, Ishigami T, Sano R, Matsuyama H. Preparation and characterization of antifouling poly(vinyl chloride- co -poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) membranes. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Isa K, Yamamuro Y, Ogasawara K, Yabe R, Ogiyama Y, Ito S, Takahashi Y, Kominato Y, Sano R, Uchikawa M. Presence of nucleotide substitutions in the ABO promoter in individuals with phenotypes A3 and B3. Vox Sang 2015; 110:285-7. [PMID: 26529276 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the involvement of mutation and deletion of transcription regulatory elements in the Bm , Am , A3 and B3 phenotypes has been reported. In the present study, we carried out genetic analysis of individuals with A3 and B3 using peptide nucleic acid-clamping PCR to exclude amplification of O alleles. Two single-point mutations, -76G>C and -68G>T, were found in the ABO promoter on the A-allele in three A3 individuals and on the B allele in a B3 individual, respectively. Transient transfection of luciferase reporter plasmids carrying the same mutations into K562 cells revealed decreased luciferase activity in comparison with that carrying the wild-type promoter. These observations suggest that the mutations downregulate the promoter activity, leading to reduction in A- or B-antigen expression on red blood cells in individuals with the A3 and B3 phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yamamuro
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Yabe
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Ogiyama
- Japanese Red Cross Touhoku Block Blood Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - S Ito
- Japanese Red Cross Touhoku Block Blood Center, Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Y Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - R Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - M Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Murayama M, Takahashi Y, Sano R, Watanabe K, Takahashi K, Kubo R, Kuninaka H, Kominato Y. Characterization of five cases of suspected bathtub suicide. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2015; 17:576-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nakajima T, Sano R, Takahashi Y, Watanabe K, Kubo R, Kobayashi M, Takahashi K, Takeshita H, Kominato Y. ABO alleles are linked with haplotypes of an erythroid cell-specific regulatory element in intron 1 with a few exceptions attributable to genetic recombination. Vox Sang 2015; 110:90-2. [PMID: 26178450 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigation of transcriptional regulation of the ABO genes has identified a candidate erythroid cell-specific regulatory element, named the +5·8-kb site, in the first intron of ABO. Six haplotypes of the site have been reported previously. The present genetic population study demonstrated that each haplotype was mostly linked with specific ABO alleles with a few exceptions, possibly as a result of hybrid formation between common ABO alleles. Thus, investigation of these haplotypes could provide a clue to further elucidation of ABO alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakajima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - R Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - R Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - H Takeshita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Y Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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46
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Fujihara J, Yasuda T, Iida R, Ueki M, Sano R, Kominato Y, Inoue K, Kimura-Kataoka K, Takeshita H. Global analysis of genetic variations in a 56-bp variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms within the human deoxyribonuclease I gene. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2015; 17:283-6. [PMID: 25771153 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 56-bp variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism is confirmed in intron 4 of the human deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) gene (HumDN1). The purpose of the present study was to document global ethnic variations of allelic frequencies in HumDN1 VNTR polymorphisms. In this study, HumDN1 VNTR polymorphisms in 11 worldwide populations were examined by polymerase chain reaction and compared with those reported previously. Fifteen genotypes were identified in these 11 populations. Novel genotypes were found: 1/2 was observed in Ghanaians and mestizos, 3/6 was in Tamangs, 4/6 was in Tibetans and Nahuas, 6/6 was in Sinhalese. The African population showed the highest frequency for the HumDN1(∗)3 allele. Among Asian populations, the different genotype distribution was observed. The predominant allele in Mongolian, Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations was HumDN1(∗)3, followed by HumDN1(∗)4, and then HumDN1(∗)5. In Chinese from South China, Tamangs, and Sinhalese, HumDN1(∗)4 and HumDN1(∗)5 were predominant. The allele frequency for HumDN1(∗)4 was high in three Mexican populations, but a significant difference was observed between Nahuas and Huicoles. Germans and Turks showed a similar distribution. This study is the first to show the existence of a certain genetic heterogeneity in the worldwide distribution of HumDN1 VNTR polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Fujihara
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Yasuda
- Division of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Japan
| | - Reiko Iida
- Division of Life Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Japan
| | - Misuzu Ueki
- Division of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Eiheiji-cho, Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kimura-Kataoka
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Haruo Takeshita
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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47
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Tokue H, Takahashi Y, Hirasawa S, Awata S, Kobayashi S, Shimada T, Tokue A, Sano R, Kominato Y, Tsushima Y. Intestinal obstruction in a mentally retarded patient due to pica. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2015; 14:22. [PMID: 26236386 PMCID: PMC4521501 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-015-0060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old mentally retarded Japanese man was admitted at rehabilitation facility for handicapped persons and found dead in his bed. His neonatal period was complicated by seizures, and he had a medical history of schizophrenia. A postmortem computed tomography scan suggested an intestinal obstruction, but the cause was unknown. To clarify the cause of death, a medicolegal autopsy was carried out. The gastrointestinal tract was found to contain copious amounts of cloth pieces. A diagnosis of intestinal obstruction secondary to pica of clothes was made. Despite still being an essentially neglect condition; mental retardation is cause to significant burden to the patient, his relatives and caregivers and the whole society. Moreover, people with mental retardation may be at increased risk for potentially self-injury due to ingestion of non-eating substance or incongruent intake of eating substances, which may on turn lead to severe or even life-threatening medical and surgical complications as herein reported. Specific attention also to pica in mentally-retarded patients with sudden, severe, gastrointestinal events, should therefore be placed in order to prevent potential death or otherwise severe chronic consequences, ideally aiming at enhancing the early recognition and multi-disciplinary management of those psychological stressors or triggers potentially responsible for pica too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirasawa
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Sachiko Awata
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Susumu Kobayashi
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Takehiro Shimada
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Azusa Tokue
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
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48
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Sano R, Kuboya E, Nakajima T, Takahashi Y, Takahashi K, Kubo R, Kominato Y, Takeshita H, Yamao H, Kishida T, Isa K, Ogasawara K, Uchikawa M. A 3·0-kb deletion including an erythroid cell-specific regulatory element in intron 1 of the ABO blood group gene in an individual with the Bmphenotype. Vox Sang 2014; 108:310-3. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - E. Kuboya
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - T. Nakajima
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Y. Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - K. Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - R. Kubo
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - Y. Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine; Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine; Maebashi Japan
| | - H. Takeshita
- Department of Legal Medicine; Shimane University School of Medicine; Izumo Japan
| | | | - T. Kishida
- Department of Legal Medicine; Oita University; Yuhu Japan
| | - K. Isa
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Ogasawara
- Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Uchikawa
- Japanese Red Cross Kanto-Koshinetsu Block Blood Center; Tokyo Japan
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49
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Sano R, Nogawa M, Nakajima T, Takahashi Y, Takahashi K, Kubo R, Kominato Y, Yokohama A, Tsukada J, Yamao H, Kishida T, Ogasawara K, Uchikawa M. Blood group B gene is barely expressed in in vitro erythroid culture of Bm-derived CD34+ cells without an erythroid cell-specific regulatory element. Vox Sang 2014; 108:302-9. [PMID: 25523606 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previously, a weak phenotype Am or Bm was assumed to be caused by a reduction of A or B gene expression in bone marrow cells, but not in mucus-secreting cells. However, ABO expression has not been examined in erythroid progenitor cells of Am or Bm individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out in vitro erythroid differentiation of CD34(+) cells from peripheral blood of a Bm individual harbouring a 3.0-kb deletion including an erythroid cell-specific regulatory element, named the +5.8-kb site, in intron 1 of the human ABO blood group gene. RESULTS During the in vitro differentiation of CD34(+) cells from this Bm individual into erythroid cells, B-antigens were not detectable on the cultured cells by flow cytometric analysis, and allele-specific RT-PCR consistently detected the transcripts from the O allele, but not from the B allele. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that both RUNX1 and GATA-2 or GATA-1 were bound to the +5.8-kb site in cultured erythroid cells expressing ABO. CONCLUSION It is likely that the +5.8-kb site enhances transcription from the ABO promoter in erythroid cells through binding of RUNX1 and GATA-2 or GATA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sano
- Legal Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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50
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Watanabe K, Takahashi Y, Sano R, Nakajima T, Kominato Y, Kobayashi S, Shimada T, Takei H, Awata S, Hirasawa S. Brain fragility can be estimated by its putrefactive signs on postmortem computed tomography. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2014; 17:98-101. [PMID: 25464833 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Along with time after death, postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) of the brain can reveal sequential changes. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between brain rigidity and advanced postmortem changes such as intravascular gas production, cerebral settling or cerebral liquefaction on PMCT. We then examined the findings of PMCT as an indicator of successful macroscopic examination of arbitrary brain slices at classical autopsy. The association between these advanced postmortem changes and the validity of macroscopic brain examination was investigated in 149 cases that were examined by PMCT at our department prior to autopsy in the period from September 2011 to December 2013. We found that the postmortem changes, classified into four stages, generally reflected the fragility of the brain. Thus, it is likely that PMCT findings of advanced postmortem changes are able to indicate decreased brain rigidity ahead of autopsy. These findings support the idea that PMCT could be used as a guide by forensic pathologists for suitable handling of a fragile brain, thus enhancing the quality of autopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Watanabe
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takahashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Rie Sano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tamiko Nakajima
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kominato
- Department of Legal Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Susumu Kobayashi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiro Shimada
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Department of Radiology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sachiko Awata
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirasawa
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
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