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Shahid A, Chen M, Yeung S, Parsa C, Orlando R, Huang Y. The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum prevents lung tumorigenesis induced by tobacco smoke carcinogens. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1244150. [PMID: 37745066 PMCID: PMC10516555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1244150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (GL), commonly known as "Lingzhi", is a well-known medicinal mushroom with antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. This study examined the effects of a commercial GL product (GLSF) containing the spore and fruiting body in a 30:8 ratio on tobacco smoke carcinogen-induced lung toxicity and carcinogenesis. The potential chemopreventive effect of GLSF was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The non-tumorous human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were treated with GLSF extract (0.025 and 0.05 mg/mL), which significantly blocked malignant transformation induced by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) in a dose-dependent manner. To confirm its anti-carcinogenic activity in vivo, the mice were pre-treated with GLSF (2.0 g/kg of body weight) or curcumin (100 mg/kg of body weight) by oral gavage daily for 7 days and then exposed to a single dose of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (125 mg/kg of body weight). The GLSF-treated mice showed a significant reduction in B[a]P-induced lung toxicity, as indicated by decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity, malondialdehyde levels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and improved lung histopathology. We next determined the chemopreventive activity of GLSF in mice which were exposed to two weekly doses of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, 100 mg/kg, on the 1st and 8th days) and fed with control or a modified diet containing GLSF (2.0 g/kg) or metformin (250 mg/kg) for 33 weeks. The GLSF and metformin treatments blocked NNK-induced lung tumor development by decreasing the lung weight, tumor area, and tumor burden compared to the mice exposed to NNK only. GLSF treatment also attenuated the expression of inflammatory, angiogenic, and apoptotic markers in lung tumors. Therefore, GLSF may be used for ameliorating tobacco smoke carcinogens-induced lung toxicity and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mengbing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Steven Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, CA, United States
| | - Robert Orlando
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, CA, United States
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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Lambros M, Moreno J, Fei Q, Parsa C, Orlando R, Van Haute L. Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Mechanism behind Chemically Induced Oral Mucositis in a 3D Cell Culture Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5058. [PMID: 36902486 PMCID: PMC10003620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis is a common side effect of cancer treatment, and in particular of treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus. Current treatment methods are not efficient enough and a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms behind oral mucositis is necessary to find potential therapeutic targets. Here, we treated an organotypic 3D oral mucosal tissue model consisting of human keratinocytes grown on top of human fibroblasts with a high or low dose of everolimus for 40 or 60 h and investigated (1) the effect of everolimus on microscopic sections of the 3D cell culture for evidence of morphologic changes and (2) changes in the transcriptome by high throughput RNA-Seq analysis. We show that the most affected pathways are cornification, cytokine expression, glycolysis, and cell proliferation and we provide further details. This study provides a good resource towards a better understanding of the development of oral mucositis. It gives a detailed overview of the different molecular pathways that are involved in mucositis. This in turn provides information about potential therapeutic targets, which is an important step towards preventing or managing this common side effect of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lambros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Jonathan Moreno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Qinqin Fei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Robert Orlando
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Shamim MA, Shahid A, Sardar PK, Yeung S, Reyes J, Kim J, Parsa C, Orlando R, Wang J, Kelly KM, Meyskens FL, Andresen BT, Huang Y. Transfersome Encapsulated with the R-carvedilol Enantiomer for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:929. [PMID: 36903807 PMCID: PMC10005314 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The R-carvedilol enantiomer, present in the racemic mixture of the chiral drug carvedilol, does not bind to the β-adrenergic receptors, but exhibits skin cancer preventive activity. For skin delivery, R-carvedilol-loaded transfersomes were prepared using various ratios of drug, lipids, and surfactants, and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, stability, and morphology. Transfersomes were compared for in vitro drug release and ex vivo skin penetration and retention. Skin irritation was evaluated by viability assay on murine epidermal cells and reconstructed human skin culture. Single-dose and repeated-dose dermal toxicity was determined in SKH-1 hairless mice. Efficacy was evaluated in SKH-1 mice exposed to single or multiple ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Transfersomes released the drug at a slower rate, but significantly increased skin drug permeation and retention compared with the free drug. The transfersome with a drug-lipid-surfactant ratio of 1:3:0.5 (T-RCAR-3) demonstrated the highest skin drug retention and was selected for further studies. T-RCAR-3 at 100 µM did not induce skin irritation in vitro and in vivo. Topical treatment with T-RCAR-3 at 10 µM effectively attenuated acute UV-induced skin inflammation and chronic UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. This study demonstrates feasibility of using R-carvedilol transfersome for preventing UV-induced skin inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Shamim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Ayaz Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Pabitra K. Sardar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Steven Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Jeremiah Reyes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Jenny Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, CA 90640, USA
| | - Robert Orlando
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, CA 90640, USA
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Kristen M. Kelly
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Frank L. Meyskens
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Bradley T. Andresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Correa N, Orlando R. Extract of Laurus nobilis attenuates inflammation and epithelial ulcerations in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease. Wiki J Med 2023. [DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2023.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are classified as chronic inflammatory disorders and typically require anti-inflammatory drug therapies, such as glucocorticoid regimens, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and biologics, aimed at reducing inflammation in the bowel wall. However, each of these therapies is accompanied by a list of possible serious side effects. Because of this, there remains an urgent need to identify new pharmacologic options to reduce or prevent the pro-inflammatory events of IBD while minimizing adverse side effects, and to make available more cost-effective treatment modalities. We have previously identified several herbal extracts that demonstrate potent bio-inhibitory activity of the innate immune response. In particular, Laurus nobilis (LN), or more commonly called bay laurel, demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory function by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation. Based upon our original in vitro findings, we have now examined the effects of this herbal extract on a murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of IBD. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin sections prepared from DSS treated animals show clear epithelial damage, including ulcerations, extensive neutrophil infiltration into the mucosal layer, and granuloma formation. Tissue from DSS treated animals that also received LN extract showed improved tissue morphology more closely resembling that from control animals. In addition, DSS treated mice with co-administration of LN extract showed a significant reduction in CD4+ antibody staining within the mucosal layer in colonic sections indicating reduced lymphocyte infiltration. Based on these findings, we believe that administration of LN extracts may be effective in reducing the intestinal epithelial damage seen in human IBD and warrants further investigation through clinical trials. Lay Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), manifest as chronic inflammation and ulceration of tissues lining the digestive tract. CD involves inflammation of the deeper layers of the digestive tract, including both the small and large intestines, and less commonly, the upper digestive tract. UC involves inflammation along the lining of the colon and rectum. Steroid or biologic treatments for IBD are common, however, are limited due to significant side effects and/or prohibitive cost. In the present study, we provide evidence for use of the natural product, Laurus nobilis (bay leaf), as a safe and effective anti-inflammatory therapy for IBD.
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Shahid A, Chen M, Lin C, Andresen BT, Parsa C, Orlando R, Huang Y. Abstract A017: Lung cancer chemoprevention with the β-blocker carvedilol. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6215.tacpad22-a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic exposure to carcinogens that are present in tobacco smoke is a causative factor for lung carcinogenesis. Although smoking cessation successfully reduced the prevalence of cigarette use in the US, lung cancer risk for current and former smokers remains high, for whom no effective chemopreventive agent currently exists. In the present study, carvedilol, an FDA-approved β-blocker was examined on lung carcinogenesis induced by the tobacco carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] in vitro and in vivo. In non-tumorigenic human bronchial epithelial cell culture BEAS-2B, carvedilol inhibited benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-induced malignant transformation at non-toxic concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Although β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) are expressed in BEAS-2B cells, the anticancer activity of carvedilol is independent of β-blockade since the non-β-blocking R-carvedilol enantiomer also blocked transformation while the β-blockers atenolol (β1-AR selective blocker), ICI-118,551 (β2-AR selective blocker), and propranolol (nonselective blocker) had no effect. Carvedilol’s anti-transformation activity is possibly mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling because carvedilol, R- and S-carvedilol all inhibited B(a)P-activated xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) promoter and CYP1A1 mRNA expression. In a B(a)P-induced acute lung toxicity model in CD-1 mice, pretreatment with carvedilol, R- or S-carvedilol (20 mg/kg/day) for 7 days significantly attenuated increased plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde, inflammatory cell infiltration, histopathologic changes, and overexpression of COX-2 in the lung. In a B(a)P-induced lung carcinogenesis model in A/J mice, carvedilol at 3.2 and 20 mg/kg significantly attenuated tumor multiplicity and burden, to a similar degree as the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Our study reveals a previously unexplored role for the FDA approved cardiovascular drug carvedilol in the prevention of tobacco carcinogen-associated lung cancer.
Citation Format: Ayaz Shahid, Mengbing Chen, Carol Lin, Bradley T. Andresen, Cyrus Parsa, Robert Orlando, Ying Huang. Lung cancer chemoprevention with the β-blocker carvedilol [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr A017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Shahid
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Mengbing Chen
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Carol Lin
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Bradley T. Andresen
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- 2College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
- 3Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, CA
| | - Robert Orlando
- 2College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
- 3Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, CA
| | - Ying Huang
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
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Rizzetto R, Porcaro A, Amigoni N, Tafuri A, Cerrato C, Bianchi A, Gallina S, Orlando R, Gozzo A, Migliorini F, Antoniolli SZ, Monaco C, De Marco V, Brunelli M, Cerruto M, Polati E, Antonelli A. The American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA) physical status system classification predicted the risk of postoperative complications at hospital discharge in 1329 consecutive patients treated with radical prostatectomy for clinical prostate cancer. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(21)01016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Liu MM, Liu T, Yeung S, Wang Z, Andresen B, Parsa C, Orlando R, Zhou B, Wu W, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Huang Y. Inhibitory activity of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum on colorectal cancer by attenuating inflammation. Precision Clinical Medicine 2021; 4:231-245. [PMID: 35692861 PMCID: PMC8982591 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (GL, Reishi or Lingzhi) exhibits an inhibitory effect on cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of the antitumor activity of GL is not fully understood. In this study, we characterized the gene networks regulated by a commercial product of GL containing a mixture of spores and fruiting bodies namely “GLSF”, in colorectal carcinoma. We found that in vitro co-administration of GLSF extract at non-toxic concentrations significantly potentiated growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by paclitaxel in CT26 and HCT-15 cells. GLSF inhibited NF-κB promoter activity in HEK-293 cells but did not affect the function of P-glycoprotein in K562/DOX cells. Furthermore, we found that when mice were fed a modified diet containing GLSF for 1 month prior to the CT26 tumor cell inoculation, GLSF alone or combined with Nab-paclitaxel markedly suppressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis. RNA-seq analysis of tumor tissues derived from GLSF-treated mice identified 53 differentially expressed genes compared to normal tissues. Many of the GLSF-down-regulated genes were involved in NF-κB-regulated inflammation pathways, such as IL-1β, IL-11 and Cox-2. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that several inflammatory pathways involving leukocyte migration and adhesion were most affected by the treatment. Upstream analysis predicted activation of multiple tumor suppressors such as α-catenin and TP53 and inhibition of critical inflammatory mediators. “Cancer” was the major significantly inhibited biological effect of GLSF treatment. These results demonstrate that GLSF can improve the therapeutic outcome for colorectal cancer through a mechanism involving suppression of NF-κB-regulated inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy M Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Center for Genomics & Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Steven Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Bradley Andresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, California, CA 90640, USA
| | - Robert Orlando
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, California, CA 90640, USA
| | - Bingsen Zhou
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xia Li
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Beijing Tong Ren Tang Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics & Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Di Menna L, Busceti CL, Ginerete RP, D'Errico G, Orlando R, Alborghetti M, Bruno V, Battaglia G, Fornai F, Leoni L, Rampioni G, Visca P, Monn JA, Nicoletti F. The bacterial quorum sensing molecule, 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), inhibits signal transduction mechanisms in brain tissue and is behaviorally active in mice. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105691. [PMID: 34044128 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Interkingdom communication between bacteria and host organisms is one of the most interesting research topics in biology. Quorum sensing molecules produced by Gram-negative bacteria, such as acylated homoserine lactones and quinolones, have been shown to interact with host cell receptors, stimulating innate immunity and bacterial clearance. To our knowledge, there is no evidence that these molecules influence CNS function. Here, we have found that low micromolar concentrations of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing autoinducer, 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone (PQS), inhibited polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in mouse brain slices, whereas four selected acylated homoserine lactones were inactive. PQS also inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in brain slices. We therefore focused on PQS in our study. Biochemical effects of PQS were not mediated by the bitter taste receptors, T2R4 and T2R16. Interestingly, submicromolar concentrations of PQS could be detected in the serum and brain tissue of adult mice under normal conditions. Levels increased in five selected brain regions after single i.p. injection of PQS (10 mg/kg), peaked after 15 min, and returned back to normal between 1 and 4 h. Systemically administered PQS reduced spontaneous locomotor activity, increased the immobility time in the forced swim test, and largely attenuated motor response to the psychostimulant, methamphetamine. These findings offer the first demonstration that a quorum sensing molecule specifically produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is centrally active and influences cell signaling and behavior. Quorum sensing autoinducers might represent new interkingdom signaling molecules between ecological communities of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms and the host CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R Orlando
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Phamacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - M Alborghetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - V Bruno
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Phamacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - G Battaglia
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Phamacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - F Fornai
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - L Leoni
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - G Rampioni
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - P Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Phamacology, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy.
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Shahid A, Huang M, Yeung S, Parsa C, Orlando R, Andresen B, Travers J, Huang Y. 061 Absence of Adrb2 minimally affects UV-induced immunosuppression and skin cancer development. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Papasavas P, Olugbile S, Wu U, Robinson K, Roberts AL, O'Sullivan DM, McLaughlin T, Mather JF, Steinberg AC, Orlando R, Kumar A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, associated epidemiological factors and antibody kinetics among healthcare workers in Connecticut. J Hosp Infect 2021; 114:117-125. [PMID: 33930487 PMCID: PMC8076763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the front line of the ongoing coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Comprehensive evaluation of the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among HCWs in a large healthcare system could help to identify the impact of epidemiological factors and the presence of symptoms on the immune response to the infection over time. AIM To determine the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies among HCWs, identify associated epidemiological factors and study antibody kinetics. METHODS A longitudinal evaluation of the seroprevalence and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies was undertaken in approximately 30,000 HCWs in the largest healthcare system in Connecticut, USA. FINDINGS At baseline, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among 6863 HCWs was 6.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.7-6.9%], and was highest among patient care support (16.7%), medical assistants (9.1%) and nurses (8.2%), and lower for physicians (3.8%) and advanced practice providers (4.5%). Seroprevalence was significantly higher among African Americans [odds ratio (OR) 3.26 compared with Caucasians, 95% CI 1.77-5.99], in participants with at least one symptom of COVID-19 (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.92-4.68), and in those reporting prior quarantine (OR 3.83, 95% CI 2.57-5.70). No symptoms were reported in 24% of seropositive participants. Among the 47% of participants who returned for a follow-up serological test, the seroreversion rate was 39.5% and the seroconversion rate was 2.2%. The incidence of re-infection in the seropositive group was zero. CONCLUSION Although there is a decline in the immunoglobulin G antibody signal over time, 60.5% of seropositive HCWs had maintained their seroconversion status after a median of 5.5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Papasavas
- Department of Surgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
| | - S Olugbile
- Cancer Institute, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - U Wu
- Administration, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - K Robinson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - A L Roberts
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Services: Microbiology, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | | | - T McLaughlin
- Department of Surgery, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - J F Mather
- Hartford Healthcare Research Program, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - A C Steinberg
- Department of Medical Affairs, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - R Orlando
- Department of Academic Affairs, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - A Kumar
- Clinical Affairs, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT, USA
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Liang S, Shamim MA, Shahid A, Chen M, Cleveland KH, Parsa C, Orlando R, Andresen BT, Huang Y. Prevention of Skin Carcinogenesis by the Non-β-blocking R-carvedilol Enantiomer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 14:527-540. [PMID: 33648941 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and is rapidly rising in incidence, representing a significant public health challenge. The β-blocker, carvedilol, has shown promising effects in preventing skin cancer. However, as a potent β-blocker, repurposing carvedilol to an anticancer agent is limited by cardiovascular effects. Carvedilol is a racemic mixture consisting of equimolar S- and R-carvedilol, whereas the R-carvedilol enantiomer does not possess β-blocking activity. Because previous studies suggest that carvedilol's cancer preventive activity is independent of β-blockade, we examined the skin cancer preventive activity of R-carvedilol compared with S-carvedilol and the racemic carvedilol. R- and S-carvedilol were equally effective in preventing EGF-induced neoplastic transformation of the mouse epidermal JB6 Cl 41-5a (JB6 P+) cells and displayed similar attenuation of EGF-induced ELK-1 activity. R-carvedilol appeared slightly better than S-carvedilol against UV-induced intracellular oxidative stress and release of prostaglandin E2 from the JB6 P+ cells. In an acute UV-induced skin damage and inflammation mouse model using a single irradiation of 300 mJ/cm2 UV, topical treatment with R-carvedilol dose dependently attenuated skin edema and reduced epidermal thickening, Ki-67 staining, COX-2 protein, and IL6 and IL1β mRNA levels similar to carvedilol. In a chronic UV (50-150 mJ/cm2) induced skin carcinogenesis model in mice with pretreatment of test agents, topical treatment with R-carvedilol, but not racemic carvedilol, significantly delayed and reduced skin squamous cell carcinoma development. Therefore, as an enantiomer present in an FDA-approved agent, R-carvedilol may be a better option for developing a safer and more effective preventive agent for skin carcinogenesis. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: In this study, we demonstrated the skin cancer preventive activity of R-carvedilol, the non-β-blocking enantiomer present in the racemic β-blocker, carvedilol. As R-carvedilol does not have β-blocking activity, such a preventive treatment would not lead to common cardiovascular side effects of β-blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Md Abdullah Shamim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Ayaz Shahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Mengbing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Kristan H Cleveland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.,Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, California
| | - Robert Orlando
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.,Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, California
| | - Bradley T Andresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.
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Parsa C, Thompson A, Orlando R, Rupani R, Guo J. Novel KMT2A-ATP5L gene fusion in a young adult with rapidly progressive Ph-like t(9;12) acute B lymphoblastic leukemia. Human Pathology: Case Reports 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2020.200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Parsa C, Orlando R, Marcus M, Guo J, Rupani R. Highly aggressive undifferentiated small round blue cell tumor of foot with unique SMARCA1, KAT6A and NAV3 mutations. J Surg Case Rep 2019; 2019:rjz245. [PMID: 31807268 PMCID: PMC6889755 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjz245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies characterized histologically by high-grade monotonous small round blue cells (SRBCs) belong to a heterogeneous group of neoplasms often referred to as Ewing family of tumors. The most common molecular confirmation of these neoplasms is by fusions between EWSR1 gene on chromosome 22 and the ETS family of transcription factors, including FLI1 gene (11q24) and the ERG (21q22), that are implicated in the development of different tissues as well as cancer progression. In this article, we present a case of highly aggressive extraskeletal SRBC tumor involving the foot of a 24-year-old male with sole molecular findings of mutations in KAT6A, NAV3 and SMARCA1 genes with high expression of soft tissue markers (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1) and MYC mRNA. To our knowledge, this unique mutational pattern has not previously been described in SRBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Parsa
- Department of Pathology, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. 2nd St., Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Robert Orlando
- Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, 309 W. Beverly Blvd., Montebello, CA, USA
| | - Michael Marcus
- Department of Surgery, Beverly Hospital, 309 W. Beverly Blvd., Montebello, CA, USA
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. 2nd St., Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Ravin Rupani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology, Beverly Hospital, 309 W. Beverly Blvd., Montebello, CA, USA
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Macaluso FS, Orlando R, Renna S, Sapienza C, Ventimiglia M, Rizzuto G, Cottone M, Orlando A. Letter: the addition of an immunosuppressant in patients with unsatisfactory response to vedolizumab. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018. [PMID: 29512915 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F S Macaluso
- IBD Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Orlando
- IBD Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - S Renna
- IBD Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Sapienza
- IBD Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Ventimiglia
- IBD Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Rizzuto
- IBD Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Cottone
- IBD Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Orlando
- IBD Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
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Erba A, Baima J, Bush I, Orlando R, Dovesi R. Large-Scale Condensed Matter DFT Simulations: Performance and Capabilities of the CRYSTAL Code. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:5019-5027. [PMID: 28873313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the efficient exploitation of high-performance computing resources is crucial to extend the applicability of first-principles theoretical methods to the description of large, progressively more realistic molecular and condensed matter systems. This can be achieved only by devising effective parallelization strategies for the most time-consuming steps of a calculation, which requires some effort given the usual complexity of quantum-mechanical algorithms, particularly so if parallelization is to be extended to all properties and not just to the basic functionalities of the code. In this Article, the performance and capabilities of the massively parallel version of the Crystal17 package for first-principles calculations on solids are discussed. In particular, we present: (i) recent developments allowing for a further improvement of the code scalability (up to 32 768 cores); (ii) a quantitative analysis of the scaling and memory requirements of the code when running calculations with several thousands (up to about 14 000) of atoms per cell; (iii) a documentation of the high numerical size consistency of the code; and (iv) an overview of recent ab initio studies of several physical properties (structural, energetic, electronic, vibrational, spectroscopic, thermodynamic, elastic, piezoelectric, topological) of large systems investigated with the code.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Erba
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino , Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J Baima
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino , Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - I Bush
- Oxford e-Research Centre, University of Oxford , 7 Keble Road, OX1 3QG, Oxford, U.K
| | - R Orlando
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino , Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R Dovesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino , Via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Huang KM, Liang S, Yeung S, Oiyemhonlan E, Cleveland KH, Parsa C, Orlando R, Meyskens FL, Andresen BT, Huang Y. Topically Applied Carvedilol Attenuates Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Induced Skin Carcinogenesis. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:598-606. [PMID: 28912118 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-17-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In previous studies, the β-blocker carvedilol inhibited EGF-induced epidermal cell transformation and chemical carcinogen-induced mouse skin hyperplasia. As exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation leads to skin cancer, the present study examined whether carvedilol can prevent UV-induced carcinogenesis. Carvedilol absorbs UV like a sunscreen; thus, to separate pharmacological from sunscreen effects, 4-hydroxycarbazole (4-OHC), which absorbs UV to the same degree as carvedilol, served as control. JB6 P+ cells, an established epidermal model for studying tumor promotion, were used for evaluating the effect of carvedilol on UV-induced neoplastic transformation. Both carvedilol and 4-OHC (1 μmol/L) blocked transformation induced by chronic UV (15 mJ/cm2) exposure for 8 weeks. However, EGF-mediated transformation was inhibited by only carvedilol but not by 4-OHC. Carvedilol (1 and 5 μmol/L), but not 4-OHC, attenuated UV-induced AP-1 and NF-κB luciferase reporter activity, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory activity. In a single-dose UV (200 mJ/cm2)-induced skin inflammation mouse model, carvedilol (10 μmol/L), applied topically after UV exposure, reduced skin hyperplasia and the levels of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, IL1β, IL6, and COX-2 in skin. In SKH-1 mice exposed to gradually increasing levels of UV (50-150 mJ/cm2) three times a week for 25 weeks, topical administration of carvedilol (10 μmol/L) after UV exposure increased tumor latency compared with control (week 18 vs. 15), decreased incidence and multiplicity of squamous cell carcinomas, while 4-OHC had no effect. These data suggest that carvedilol has a novel chemopreventive activity and topical carvedilol following UV exposure may be repurposed for preventing skin inflammation and cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 10(10); 598-606. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Sherry Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Steven Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Etuajie Oiyemhonlan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Kristan H Cleveland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.,Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, California
| | - Robert Orlando
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.,Department of Pathology, Beverly Hospital, Montebello, California
| | - Frank L Meyskens
- Departments of Medicine, Biological Chemistry, Public Health and Epidemiology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Bradley T Andresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.
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Gillett K, Lippiett K, Astles C, Longstaff J, Orlando R, Lin SX, Powell A, Roberts C, Chauhan AJ, Thomas M, Wilkinson TM. Managing complex respiratory patients in the community: an evaluation of a pilot integrated respiratory care service. BMJ Open Respir Res 2016; 3:e000145. [PMID: 28074134 PMCID: PMC5174798 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2016-000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the UK, there is significant variation in respiratory care and outcomes. An integrated approach to the management of high-risk respiratory patients, incorporating specialist and primary care teams' expertise, is the basis for new integrated respiratory services designed to reduce this variation; however, this model needs evaluating. Methods To evaluate an integrated service managing high-risk respiratory patients, electronic searches for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at risk of poor outcomes were performed in two general practitioner (GP) practices in a local service-development initiative. Patients were reviewed at joint clinics by primary and secondary care professionals. GPs also nominated patients for inclusion. Reviews were delivered to best standards of care including assessments of diagnosis, control, spirometry, self-management, education, medication, inhaler technique and smoking cessation support. Follow-up of routine clinical data collected at 9-months postclinic were compared with seasonally matched 9-months prior to integrated review. Results 82 patients were identified, 55 attended. 13 (23.6%) had their primary diagnosis changed. In comparison with the seasonally adjusted baseline period, in the 9-month follow-up there was an increase in inhaled corticosteroid prescriptions of 23.3%, a reduction in short-acting β2-agonist prescription of 33.3%, a reduction in acute respiratory exacerbations of 67.6%, in unscheduled GP surgery visits of 53.3% and acute respiratory hospital admissions reduced from 3 to 0. Only 4 patients (7.3%) required referral to secondary care. Health economic evaluation showed respiratory-related costs per patient reduced by £231.86. Conclusions Patients with respiratory disease in this region at risk of suboptimal outcomes identified proactively and managed by an integrated team improved outcomes without the need for hospital referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gillett
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) Wessex, Respiratory Theme , Southampton , UK
| | - K Lippiett
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) Wessex, Respiratory Theme , Southampton , UK
| | - C Astles
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) Wessex, Respiratory Theme , Southampton , UK
| | - J Longstaff
- Wessex Academic Health Sciences Network (AHSN) , Portsmouth , UK
| | - R Orlando
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) Wessex, Methodological Hub , Southampton , UK
| | - S X Lin
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) Wessex, Methodological Hub , Southampton , UK
| | - A Powell
- West Hampshire Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) , Eastleigh , UK
| | - C Roberts
- Wessex Academic Health Sciences Network (AHSN) , Portsmouth , UK
| | - A J Chauhan
- Wessex Academic Health Sciences Network (AHSN) , Portsmouth , UK
| | - M Thomas
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) Wessex, Respiratory Theme, Southampton, UK; Department of Primary Care and Populations Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T M Wilkinson
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) Wessex, Respiratory Theme, Southampton, UK; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Renna S, Orlando E, Macaluso FS, Maida M, Affronti M, Giunta M, Sapienza C, Rizzuto G, Orlando R, Dimarco M, Cottone M, Orlando A. Letter: a prospective real life comparison of the efficacy of adalimumab vs. golimumab in moderate to severe ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:310-1. [PMID: 27375103 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Renna
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - E Orlando
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - F S Macaluso
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Maida
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Affronti
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Giunta
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Sapienza
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Rizzuto
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - R Orlando
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Dimarco
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - M Cottone
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy
| | - A Orlando
- DiBiMis, Division of Internal Medicine, "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Hospital, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy.
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Huang K, Liu M, Zhang S, Yeung S, Chang A, Qian L, Chatterjee P, Li R, Zhou S, Mei N, Wang Z, Parsa C, Orlando R, Luo Y, Huang Y. Abstract 5252: Skin cancer prevention by traditional Chinese medicinal formula Si-Wu-Tang and its constituents. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-5252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), comprising the combination of four herbs, Rehmanniae, Angelica, Chuanxiong and Paeoniae, is one of the most popular Chinese medicines for women's diseases. Previously we showed that SWT was able to upregulate genes in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, suggesting a potential application for cancer chemoprevention. The present study examined the chemopreventive activity of SWT using models of skin carcinogenesis. In JB6 P+ cells, a non-cancerous murine epidermal cell line for studying skin tumor promotion, SWT inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced neoplastic transformation. In a 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced murine skin tumorigenesis model, both topical and oral treatment of SWT inhibited epidermal hyperplasia, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and H-ras mutations induced by DMBA treatment. In addition, SWT exhibited a significant antimutagenic activity against DMBA-induced mutagenicity, determined by the Ames Test using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the presence of metabolic activator S9 system. To identify active components in SWT, among nine compounds previously reported in commercial SWT products, in silico molecular docking analysis predicted some as potential Nrf2 activators due to an ability of interfering the forming of Nrf2-Keap1 complex. Three of these compounds, gallic acid, Z-liguistilide and senkyunolide A, were confirmed with highest potency of increasing the antioxidant response element luciferase reporter activity, inducing Nrf2-regulated genes Hmox1, Slc7A11 and Nqo1, and inhibiting EGF-induced JB6 P+ transformation. Further mechanistic studies showed that SWT and the three compounds suppressed EGF-induced activation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1), an essential transcription factor involved in skin carcinogenesis. The antimutagenic activity for the three compounds was also confirmed with the Ames Test. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that SWT and its constituents are able to prevent skin cancer, at least partly, by activating the Nrf2 pathway and blocking the activation of AP-1. Thus, this widely used Chinese medicinal formula may provide a promising option toward preventing skin cancer or may be other types of cancer.
Citation Format: Kevin Huang, Mandy Liu, Suhui Zhang, Steven Yeung, Andy Chang, Li Qian, Payal Chatterjee, Rui Li, Su Zhou, Nan Mei, Zhijun Wang, Cyrus Parsa, Robert Orlando, Yun Luo, Ying Huang. Skin cancer prevention by traditional Chinese medicinal formula Si-Wu-Tang and its constituents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Huang
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Mandy Liu
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Suhui Zhang
- 2Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, China
| | - Steven Yeung
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Andy Chang
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Li Qian
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | | | - Rui Li
- 2Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, China
| | - Su Zhou
- 2Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, China
| | - Nan Mei
- 3National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR
| | - Zhijun Wang
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | | | - Yun Luo
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Ying Huang
- 1Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
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Bodo MJ, Jimenez EY, Conn C, Dye A, Pomo P, Kolkmeyer D, Orlando R, Kong AS. Association between circulating CCL2 levels and modifiable behaviors in overweight and obese adolescents: a cross-sectional pilot study. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:441-9. [PMID: 26673018 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the relationship between an early inflammatory biomarker, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and other clinical biomarkers and lifestyle behaviors, in overweight/obese adolescents at high risk of developing cardiometabolic derangements. METHODS We collected anthropometric measurements, clinical biomarkers, and three 24-h dietary recalls from 21 vocational high school students (91% male), 14-19 years, with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships. RESULTS Mean BMI was 33.2 kg/m2 (range 25.7-45.6) and 38% were prediabetic by fasting glucose. Mean CCL2 was 512.9 pg/mL (range 220-917) and positively correlated with triglycerides (r=0.45; p=0.04) and TNF-α (r=0.57; p=0.007) and marginally negatively correlated with fruit/vegetable intake (r=-0.42, p=0.06) and omega-3 fatty acids (r=-0.41, p=0.07). CONCLUSIONS CCL2 was positively associated with pro-inflammatory biomarkers and negatively associated with some anti-inflammatory dietary factors.
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Rugini E, Orlando R. High efficiency shoot regeneration from calluses of strawberry(FragariaXananassaDuch.) stipules ofin vitroshoot cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00221589.1992.11516286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Orlando R, Foggia M, Maraolo AE, Mascolo S, Palmiero G, Tambaro O, Tosone G. Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection: from the past to the future. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2015; 34:1059-70. [PMID: 25678010 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
About 3-5 % of the world's population is chronically infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is at risk of developing liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The risk of dying prematurely because of chronic HBV infection is higher in younger people. The current strategies to prevent HBV infection involve immunization (active and/or passive) and antiviral chemoprophylaxis. The vaccines available for active immunization, containing hepatitis B surface antigen, are safe and confer long-term immunity in most healthy subjects. Since the vaccination is unsatisfactory in some patients, e.g., those with chronic kidney disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, type I diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease, new strategies of vaccination are required. The neonatal, infant, and adolescent routine program vaccination in about 180 countries has greatly decreased the disease burden. Passive immunization with specific HBV immunoglobulins is recommended after single acute exposure, in infants born to infected mothers, and in HBV-infected patients undergoing liver transplantation combined with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (chemoprophylaxis). Chemoprophylaxis is also indicated in HBV carrier candidates for immunosuppressive treatment and in patients with occult B infection undergoing immunosuppressive therapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Since HBV is not eradicable by an immune response or by antiviral drugs developed so far, the only preventive strategy remains global neonatal vaccination in all countries, firstly in HBV-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Orlando
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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Chang A, Yeung S, Thakkar A, Huang KM, Liu MM, Kanassatega RS, Parsa C, Orlando R, Jackson EK, Andresen BT, Huang Y. Prevention of skin carcinogenesis by the β-blocker carvedilol. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 8:27-36. [PMID: 25367979 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The stress-related catecholamine hormones and the α- and β-adrenergic receptors (α- and β-AR) may affect carcinogenesis. The β-AR GRK/β-arrestin biased agonist carvedilol can induce β-AR-mediated transactivation of the EGFR. The initial purpose of this study was to determine whether carvedilol, through activation of EGFR, can promote cancer. Carvedilol failed to promote anchorage-independent growth of JB6 P(+) cells, a skin cell model used to study tumor promotion. However, at nontoxic concentrations, carvedilol dose dependently inhibited EGF-induced malignant transformation of JB6 P(+) cells, suggesting that carvedilol has chemopreventive activity against skin cancer. Such effect was not observed for the β-AR agonist isoproterenol and the β-AR antagonist atenolol. Gene expression, receptor binding, and functional studies indicate that JB6 P(+) cells only express β2-ARs. Carvedilol, but not atenolol, inhibited EGF-mediated activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation. A topical 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin hyperplasia model in SENCAR mice was utilized to determine the in vivo cancer preventative activity of carvedilol. Both topical and oral carvedilol treatment inhibited DMBA-induced epidermal hyperplasia (P < 0.05) and reduced H-ras mutations; topical treatment being the most potent. However, in models of established cancer, carvedilol had modest to no inhibitory effect on tumor growth of human lung cancer A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these results suggest that the cardiovascular drug carvedilol may be repurposed for skin cancer chemoprevention, but may not be an effective treatment of established tumors. More broadly, this study suggests that β-ARs may serve as a novel target for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Steven Yeung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Arvind Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Kevin M Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Mandy M Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Rhye-Samuel Kanassatega
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Robert Orlando
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bradley T Andresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California.
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Chang A, Liu M, Yeung S, Hao J, Parsa C, Orlando R, Andresen B, Huang Y. Abstract 1256: The chemopreventive effects of carvedilol on skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Skin cancer, the majority of which is non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), is the most common type of cancer in the US. The rate of NMSC is increasing mainly due to depletion of the ozone layer and increased exposure to ultraviolet radiation. To reduce the risk of skin cancer, it is recommended to all individuals to limit sun exposure and use sunscreens. Despite these efforts, the incidence of NMSC continues to rise. Novel chemopreventive targets and nontoxic agents are needed. Epidemiological studies identified an association of psychosocial factors such as chronic stress or depression with cancer onset and progression. These factors are partly mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system which results in release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, the effects of which are mediated through the alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors (alpha- and beta-AR). Further, the use of beta-AR antagonists (beta-blockers) has been associated with reduced cancer incidence. However, whether beta-blockers have chemopreventive activity or whether beta-ARs contribute to carcinogenesis is unknown. To determine whether agonizing or antagonizing beta-ARs affect skin cell transformation, we tested the beta-AR agonist isoproterenol (Iso) and antagonist carvedilol on epidermal growth factor (EGF)-mediated transformation of JB6 P+ cells (a skin cell model to study tumor promotion). The cells were treated with EGF (10 ng/mL) plus 0.1 µM or 1.0 µM Iso, yet no effect was observed. However, treatment with carvedilol dose-dependently inhibited the formation of EGF-induced soft agar colonies. Such effect was not caused by growth inhibition, because cytotoxicity and inhibition of cell proliferation were not observed for tested concentrations. Next, the expression of beta1-, 2- and 3-AR was determined in JB6 cells using RT-PCR. The results showed that only beta2-AR was detectable. We also determined whether beta-ARs are expressed in other types of cancer. In tissues derived from a rat model of 7, 12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary cancer, expression of beta1- and 2-AR was up-regulated in tumors in comparison with normal tissues. The human cancer cell lines A549 and MDA-MB-231 also express beta2-AR. To determine the in vivo chemopreventive activity of carvedilol, we used a skin hyperplasia model in SENCAR mice induced by topical treatment with 100 nM DMBA twice a week for four weeks. Carvedilol was tested topically (5 and 10 µM) or orally (5 and 20 mg/kg), beginning at two weeks before the first dose of DMBA, three times a week, for six weeks. DMBA alone increased the epidermal thickness from the average of 77.8 + 13.6 nm in normal skin to 294 + 49.7 nm in DMBA-treated skin. Both topical and oral carvedilol treatment inhibited DMBA-induced hyperplasia (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that beta-blockers may have chemopreventive activity. This study also suggests that beta-ARs may serve as a novel target for cancer prevention.
Citation Format: Andy Chang, Mandy Liu, Steven Yeung, Jijun Hao, Cyrus Parsa, Robert Orlando, Bradley Andresen, Ying Huang. The chemopreventive effects of carvedilol on skin carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1256. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1256
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chang
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Mandy Liu
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Steven Yeung
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Jijun Hao
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | | | | | - Ying Huang
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
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Huang Y, Lee R, Chang A, Fan J, Labib C, Parsa C, Orlando R, Andresen B, Hao J. Abstract 2717: DMH1, a small molecule inhibitor of BMP type I receptors, suppresses growth and invasion of lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β superfamily and their biological activity is mediated by the formation of heterodimeric complexes of BMP type I and type II receptors of serine/threonine kinases. BMPs play an important role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, processes that are involved in carcinogenesis of many types of cancer. BMP-2 has been shown overexpressed in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and enhances lung tumorigenesis, suggesting that blocking the BMP signaling may be an effective therapeutic approach for NSCLC. Although previous work demonstrated that known protein-based BMP antagonists such as Noggin may reduce lung tumor growth, their clinical application could be limited by short half-lives and poor intra-tumor delivery. In a previous zebrafish embryo-based structure and activity study, we identified DMH1, a highly selective small molecule inhibitor which specifically antagonize the intracellular kinase domains of BMP type I receptors, the critical mediators of BMP signaling. In the present study, we found that DMH1 potently reduced lung cell proliferation, promoted cell death, and decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro by blocking the BMP signaling, as indicated by the reduction of Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation and gene expression of Id1, Id2 and Id3 in A549 and H460 cells. In an in vivo study, treatment by intraperitoneal injection of DMH1 (5 mg/kg) for four weeks significantly reduced the growth of A549-derived xenograft in SCID mice. In conclusion, our study indicates that small molecule inhibitors of BMP type I receptors may offer a promising novel therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
Citation Format: Ying Huang, Rachel Lee, Andy Chang, Jeffery Fan, Chantelle Labib, Cyrus Parsa, Robert Orlando, Bradley Andresen, Jijun Hao. DMH1, a small molecule inhibitor of BMP type I receptors, suppresses growth and invasion of lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2717. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2717
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Andy Chang
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Jeffery Fan
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | | | - Cyrus Parsa
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | | | | | - Jijun Hao
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
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Orlando R, Pennant M, Rooney S, Khogali S, Bayliss S, Hassan A, Moore D, Barton P. Cost-effectiveness of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for aortic stenosis in patients who are high risk or contraindicated for surgery: a model-based economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2014; 17:1-86. [PMID: 23948359 DOI: 10.3310/hta17330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is a common valvular heart disease. Patients with severe symptomatic AS typically survive less than 3 years. In such patients, intervention with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) may increase survival. However, in some patients SAVR is associated with a high operative risk and medical management is considered appropriate. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a relatively recent technique to avoid the invasiveness of open surgery. This procedure has been used for the treatment of patients with severe AS who are unsuitable for SAVR (because it is too high risk and/or for other reasons such as suffering from porcelain aorta) and is increasingly being considered for other patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the cost-effectiveness of TAVI being made available for patients who are high risk or contraindicated for SAVR through a review of existing economic evaluations and development of a model. DATA SOURCES AND REVIEW METHODS Bibliographic databases [MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Health Technology Assessment (HTA), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and NHS Economic Evaluation Database (EED), Centre for Reviews and Dissemination HTA, DARE and NHS EED], guideline resources, current trials registers, websites/grey literature and manufacturers' websites, and consultation with clinical experts were used to identify studies for the review and information for the model. Databases were searched from 2007 to November 2010. A model was built to assess the cost-effectiveness of TAVI separately in patients suitable and unsuitable for SAVR, together with overall results for the effect of making TAVI available. Substantial deterministic sensitivity analysis was carried out together with probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS No fully published cost-effectiveness studies were found. Modelling patients not suitable for SAVR, the base-case results show TAVI as more costly but more effective than medical management, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £12,900 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). The ICER was below £20,000 per QALY for over 99% of model runs in the probabilistic sensitivity analysis. For patients suitable for SAVR, the comparator with TAVI is a mixture of SAVR and medical management. TAVI is both more costly and less effective than this comparator assuming that most patients would receive SAVR in the absence of TAVI. This is robust to a number of assumption changes about the effects of treatment, but sensitive to assumptions about the proportion of patients receiving SAVR in the comparator. If the use of TAVI is extended to include more patients suitable for SAVR, the overall results from the model become less favourable for TAVI. LIMITATIONS The modelling involves extrapolation of short-term data and the comparison between TAVI and SAVR is not based on randomised data. More trial data on the latter have been published since the modelling was undertaken. CONCLUSIONS The results for TAVI compared with medical management in patients unsuitable for surgery are reasonably robust and suggest that TAVI is likely to be cost-effective. For patients suitable for SAVR, TAVI could be both more costly and less effective than SAVR. The overall results suggest that, if a very substantial majority of TAVI patients are those unsuitable for SAVR, the cost-effectiveness of a broad policy of introducing TAVI may fall below £20,000 per QALY. Future work required includes the incorporation of new data made available after completion of this work. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Orlando
- Unit of Health Economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Hao J, Lee R, Chang A, Fan J, Labib C, Parsa C, Orlando R, Andresen B, Huang Y. DMH1, a small molecule inhibitor of BMP type i receptors, suppresses growth and invasion of lung cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90748. [PMID: 24603907 PMCID: PMC3946239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling cascade is aberrantly activated in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but not in normal lung epithelial cells, suggesting that blocking BMP signaling may be an effective therapeutic approach for lung cancer. Previous studies demonstrated that some BMP antagonists, which bind to extracellular BMP ligands and prevent their association with BMP receptors, dramatically reduced lung tumor growth. However, clinical application of protein-based BMP antagonists is limited by short half-lives, poor intra-tumor delivery as well as resistance caused by potential gain-of-function mutations in the downstream of the BMP pathway. Small molecule BMP inhibitors which target the intracellular BMP cascades would be ideal for anticancer drug development. In a zebrafish embryo-based structure and activity study, we previously identified a group of highly selective small molecule inhibitors specifically antagonizing the intracellular kinase domain of BMP type I receptors. In the present study, we demonstrated that DMH1, one of such inhibitors, potently reduced lung cell proliferation, promoted cell death, and decreased cell migration and invasion in NSCLC cells by blocking BMP signaling, as indicated by suppression of Smad 1/5/8 phosphorylation and gene expression of Id1, Id2 and Id3. Additionally, DMH1 treatment significantly reduced the tumor growth in human lung cancer xenograft model. In conclusion, our study indicates that small molecule inhibitors of BMP type I receptors may offer a promising novel strategy for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (YH)
| | - Rachel Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Andy Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffery Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Chantelle Labib
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Cyrus Parsa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Orlando
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Bradley Andresen
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JH); (YH)
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Bailey CJ, Orlando R, Kinghorn P, Armour K, Perry R, Coast J. MEASURING THE QUALITY OF END OF LIFE USING ICECAP SCM: FEASIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000653.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lacivita V, Erba A, Noël Y, Orlando R, D’Arco P, Dovesi R. Zinc oxide nanotubes: An ab initio investigation of their structural, vibrational, elastic, and dielectric properties. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:214706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4808156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Erba A, Ferrabone M, Baima J, Orlando R, Rérat M, Dovesi R. The vibration properties of the (n,0) boron nitride nanotubes from ab initio quantum chemical simulations. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:054906. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4788831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Pennant M, Orlando R, Barton P, Bayliss S, Routh K, Meads C. Prucalopride for the treatment of women with chronic constipation in whom standard laxative regimens have failed to provide adequate relief. Health Technol Assess 2012; 15 Suppl 1:43-50. [PMID: 21609652 DOI: 10.3310/hta15suppl1/05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of prucalopride for the treatment of women with chronic constipation in whom standard laxative regimens have failed to provide adequate relief. The ERG report is based on the manufacturer's submission (MS) to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence as part of the single technology appraisal process. In the submission, quality-of-life data [Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) and Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaires] from trials of prucalopride were extrapolated to EQ-5D (European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions) data and used to inform effectiveness in an economic model. Response rates to prucalopride were derived from observed response rates in trials, defined as the proportion of patients achieving an average of three or more spontaneous complete bowel movements over the 4- or 12-week trial periods. Adult (18-64 years) and elderly (≥ 65 years) patients were considered separately in the model. Cost-effectiveness was determined from estimated improvements in EQ-5D and anticipated response rates, adjusted for baseline severity of chronic constipation. The ERG considered that the patients participating in these trials were not representative of those in the licensed indication. They were not all refractory to laxatives, and baseline EQ-5D scores showed a large spread in quality of life, with many patients experiencing little baseline dissatisfaction. The mapping of quality-of-life data from trials (PAC-QOL and PAC-SYM data) to EQ-5D was unclear and invalidated. The assumption of the long-term effectiveness and safety of prucalopride to 1 year was considered unjustified. There was no justification or sources given for coefficients used to predict effectiveness in the economic model, and no costs other than the cost of prucalopride were incorporated into the model. Owing to the many areas of uncertainty, particularly the effectiveness of prucalopride in the licensed patient group and its long-term effectiveness and safety, it was considered that the MS provided no evidence for whether prucalopride is effective or not in women with laxative-refractory chronic constipation. Further subgroup analysis of the actual patient group of interest may have better guided decision-making. However, long-term efficacy data, with validated estimates of quality of life incorporated in a well-founded model, would be important for an evidence-based judgement to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pennant
- West Midlands Health Technology Assessment Collaboration, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Coast J, Sutton E, Orlando R, Armour K. Measuring benefits at end of life for economic evaluation: measure development and a ‘thinkaloud’ study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2012-000264.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lumachi F, Basso S, Marino F, Orlando R, Basso U, Chiara G. 3516 POSTER Risk Factors Incidence in Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor Negative/HER2 Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancer – Preliminary Results. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lumachi F, Basso S, Marino F, Orlando R, Basso U, Chiara G. 5100 POSTER Relationship Between Survival, Hormone Receptor Rate, and Ca 15-3 Serum Levels in Patients With Isolated Liver Metastases From Breast Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pennant M, Orlando R, Barton P, Bayliss S, Routh K, Meads C. Prucalopride for the treatment of women with chronic constipation in whom standard laxative regimens have failed to provide adequate relief. Health Technol Assess 2011. [DOI: 10.3310/hta15suppl1-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of prucalopride for the treatment of women with chronic constipation in whom standard laxative regimens have failed to provide adequate relief. The ERG report is based on the manufacturer’s submission (MS) to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence as part of the single technology appraisal process. In the submission, quality-of-life data [Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) and Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaires] from trials of prucalopride were extrapolated to EQ-5D (European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions) data and used to inform effectiveness in an economic model. Response rates to prucalopride were derived from observed response rates in trials, defined as the proportion of patients achieving an average of three or more spontaneous complete bowel movements over the 4- or 12-week trial periods. Adult (18–64 years) and elderly (≥ 65 years) patients were considered separately in the model. Cost-effectiveness was determined from estimated improvements in EQ-5D and anticipated response rates, adjusted for baseline severity of chronic constipation. The ERG considered that the patients participating in these trials were not representative of those in the licensed indication. They were not all refractory to laxatives, and baseline EQ-5D scores showed a large spread in quality of life, with many patients experiencing little baseline dissatisfaction. The mapping of quality-of-life data from trials (PAC-QOL and PAC-SYM data) to EQ-5D was unclear and invalidated. The assumption of the long-term effectiveness and safety of prucalopride to 1 year was considered unjustified. There was no justification or sources given for coefficients used to predict effectiveness in the economic model, and no costs other than the cost of prucalopride were incorporated into the model. Owing to the many areas of uncertainty, particularly the effectiveness of prucalopride in the licensed patient group and its long-term effectiveness and safety, it was considered that the MS provided no evidence for whether prucalopride is effective or not in women with laxative-refractory chronic constipation. Further subgroup analysis of the actual patient group of interest may have better guided decision-making. However, long-term efficacy data, with validated estimates of quality of life incorporated in a well-founded model, would be important for an evidence-based judgement to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pennant
- West Midlands Health Technology Assessment Collaboration, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Orlando
- West Midlands Health Technology Assessment Collaboration, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P Barton
- West Midlands Health Technology Assessment Collaboration, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Bayliss
- West Midlands Health Technology Assessment Collaboration, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Routh
- West Midlands Health Technology Assessment Collaboration, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Meads
- West Midlands Health Technology Assessment Collaboration, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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De La Pierre M, Orlando R, Maschio L, Doll K, Ugliengo P, Dovesi R. Performance of six functionals (LDA, PBE, PBESOL, B3LYP, PBE0, and WC1LYP) in the simulation of vibrational and dielectric properties of crystalline compounds. The case of forsterite Mg2SiO4. J Comput Chem 2011; 32:1775-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lambros MP, Parsa C, Mulamalla H, Orlando R, Lau B, Huang Y, Pon D, Chow M. Identifying cell and molecular stress after radiation in a three-dimensional (3-D) model of oral mucositis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 405:102-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Diamanti O, Orlando R, Schiavon V. P112 What is the nurse's role in the malnutrition of the chemotherapy patient? Eur J Oncol Nurs 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1462-3889(10)70174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Veropalumbo E, Marrone A, Vallefuoco L, Perruolo G, Orlando R, Scordino F, Tosone G, Zampino R, Trani B, Genovese A, Spadaro G, D’Orio C, Portella G. Immunocompromised Patients with HBsAgaDeterminant Mutants: Comparison of HBsAg Diagnostic Assays. Intervirology 2010; 53:183-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000289342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Ferrari AM, Valenzano L, Meyer A, Orlando R, Dovesi R. Quantum-Mechanical ab Initio Simulation of the Raman and IR Spectra of Fe3Al2Si3O12 Almandine. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:11289-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp901993e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - L. Valenzano
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - A. Meyer
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - R. Orlando
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - R. Dovesi
- Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy, and Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Avanzate, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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Tiseo D, Tosone G, Conte MCD, Scordino F, Mansueto G, Mesolella M, Parrella G, Pennone R, Orlando R. Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report. Infez Med 2008; 16:233-235. [PMID: 19155691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis, a protozoan disease caused by Leishmania infantum, is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, especially southern and Tyrrhenian Italy. Its aetiological agent can also sporadically cause isolated laryngeal localization in at-risk patients (i.e., heavy smokers, immunocompromised patients). This rare localization is often pauci-symptomatic and thus can easily escape diagnosis. A case of isolated leishmaniasis limited to the left vocal cord in an immunocompetent Italian male without significant risk factors, randomly discovered upon histological examination, is described herein. We inquire how many patients affected by non-specific symptoms such as dysphonia and live in countries where Leishmania infantum infection is reported, could be truly affected by Leishmania spp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Tiseo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Pubblica e Sicurezza Sociale, Sezione di Malattie Infettive, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Zicovich-Wilson CM, Torres FJ, Pascale F, Valenzano L, Orlando R, Dovesi R. Ab initiosimulation of the IR spectra of pyrope, grossular, and andradite. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:2268-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Orlando R, Civalleri B, Dovesi R, Roetti C. Advances in quantum ab initiocalculations with the CRYSTALcode. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308097742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tosone G, Tiseo D, Parrella G, Piazza M, Orlando R. Mediastinal teratocarcinoma as initial manifestation of asymptomatic HIV infection: a case report. Minerva Med 2008; 99:417-419. [PMID: 18663349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Ferrero M, Rérat M, Orlando R, Dovesi R, Bush IJ. Coupled perturbed Kohn-Sham calculation of static polarizabilities of periodic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/117/1/012016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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