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Monteiro MC, Assayag G, Botler R, Bergamin A, Conceição FL, Silva de Morais N, Seixas RPD, Berbara TMBL, Schtscherbyna A, Corcino CM, Saraiva DA, Vaisman M, Teixeira PFS. Thyroid Volume in Pregnancy is Associated with Parity, Gestational Age, and Body Mass Index in an Iodine-sufficient Area. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2023; 45:e557-e561. [PMID: 37944921 PMCID: PMC10635786 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared thyroid volume (TV) and presence of nodular goiter (NG) in pregnant vs. non-pregnant women in an iodine-sufficient area. We also evaluated the relationship between gestational age, parity, and TV in the pregnant women group, and determined the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of normal TV in pregnancy. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 299 healthy women (216 pregnant) without previous thyroid diseases. Thyroid ultrasounds were performed and compared between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The range of normal distribution of TV (2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) in pregnancy was determined after excluding individuals with positive thyroid antibodies, NG, and/or abnormal serum thyrotropin (TSH) or free thyroxine (FT4). RESULTS Thyroid volume was larger among pregnant compared to non-pregnant women (8.6 vs 6.1 cm3; p < 0.001) and was positively correlated with gestational age (rs = 0.221; p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI, rs 0.165; p = 0.002), and FT4 levels (rs 0.118 p = 0.021). Nodular goiter frequency did not differ between the two groups. There was a negative correlation between TV and TSH (rs -0.13; p = 0.014). Thyroid volume was lower among primiparous compared to multiparous patients (7.8 vs 8.9; p < 0.001) and was positively correlated with parity (rs 0.161; p = 0.016). The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of TV were 4.23 and 16.47 cm3, respectively. CONCLUSION Thyroid volume was higher in pregnant compared to non-pregnant women and was positively related to parity, BMI, and gestational age in a normal iodine status population. Pregnancy did not interfere with the development of NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Couto Monteiro
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Assayag
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Botler
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anice Bergamin
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia Lúcia Conceição
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Silva de Morais
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Annie Schtscherbyna
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carolina Martins Corcino
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Débora Ayres Saraiva
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mário Vaisman
- Endocrinology Postgraduate Program, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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