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Wang K, Goldstein S, Bleasdale M, Clist B, Bostoen K, Bakwa-Lufu P, Buck LT, Crowther A, Dème A, McIntosh RJ, Mercader J, Ogola C, Power RC, Sawchuk E, Robertshaw P, Wilmsen EN, Petraglia M, Ndiema E, Manthi FK, Krause J, Roberts P, Boivin N, Schiffels S. Ancient genomes reveal complex patterns of population movement, interaction, and replacement in sub-Saharan Africa. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaaz0183. [PMID: 32582847 PMCID: PMC7292641 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Africa hosts the greatest human genetic diversity globally, but legacies of ancient population interactions and dispersals across the continent remain understudied. Here, we report genome-wide data from 20 ancient sub-Saharan African individuals, including the first reported ancient DNA from the DRC, Uganda, and Botswana. These data demonstrate the contraction of diverse, once contiguous hunter-gatherer populations, and suggest the resistance to interaction with incoming pastoralists of delayed-return foragers in aquatic environments. We refine models for the spread of food producers into eastern and southern Africa, demonstrating more complex trajectories of admixture than previously suggested. In Botswana, we show that Bantu ancestry post-dates admixture between pastoralists and foragers, suggesting an earlier spread of pastoralism than farming to southern Africa. Our findings demonstrate how processes of migration and admixture have markedly reshaped the genetic map of sub-Saharan Africa in the past few millennia and highlight the utility of combined archaeological and archaeogenetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Steven Goldstein
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Madeleine Bleasdale
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernard Clist
- UGent Centre for Bantu Studies, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Institut des Mondes Africains, Paris, France
| | - Koen Bostoen
- UGent Centre for Bantu Studies, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Bakwa-Lufu
- Institut des Musées Nationaux du Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Laura T. Buck
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alison Crowther
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alioune Dème
- Department of History, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Julio Mercader
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine Ogola
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Robert C. Power
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Sawchuk
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Peter Robertshaw
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Edwin N. Wilmsen
- University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa
| | - Michael Petraglia
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emmanuel Ndiema
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Johannes Krause
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nicole Boivin
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
- School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephan Schiffels
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
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