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Boltnev RE, Vasiliev MM, Petrov OF. Two-dimensional Brownian motion of active particle on superfluid helium surface. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22538. [PMID: 38110441 PMCID: PMC10728076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an experimental study of the 2D dynamics of active particles driven by quantum vortices on the free surface of superfluid helium at T = 1.45 К. The particle motion at short times (< 25 ms) relates to anomalous diffusion mode typical for active particles, while for longer times it corresponds to normal diffusion mode. The values of the rotational and translational kinetic energies of the particle allow to determine for the first time the intensity of the particle-vortex interaction and the dissipation rate of the vortex bundle energy. Strong bonding between a particle and a vortex is explained by coupling of normal and superfluid components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman E Boltnev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Str. 13/2, Moscow, Russia, 125412.
| | - Mikhail M Vasiliev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Str. 13/2, Moscow, Russia, 125412
| | - Oleg F Petrov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhorskaya Str. 13/2, Moscow, Russia, 125412
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Petrov OF, Boltnev RE, Vasiliev MM. Experimental evolution of active Brownian grains driven by quantum effects in superfluid helium. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6085. [PMID: 35413969 PMCID: PMC9005707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex structures, consisting of a large number of interacting subsystems, have the ability to self-organize and evolve, when the scattering of energy coming from the outside ensures the maintenance of stationary ordered structures with an entropy less than the equilibrium entropy. One of the fundamental problems here is the role of quantum phenomena in the evolution of macroscopic objects. We provide experimental evidence for the active Brownian motion and evolution of structures driven by quantum effects for micron-sized grains levitating in superfluid helium. The active Brownian motion of grains was induced by quantum turbulence during the absorption of laser irradiation by grains. The intensity of Brownian motion associated with quantum vortices increased by 6–7 orders of magnitude compared to the values from the Einstein formula. We observed the grain structures in a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium and their evolution to more complex organized structures with lower entropy due to the quantum mechanism of exceedingly high entropy loss in superfluid helium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg F Petrov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412, Russia.
| | - Roman E Boltnev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Vasiliev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412, Russia
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Boltnev RE, Vasiliev MM, Kononov EA, Petrov OF. Formation of solid helical filaments at temperatures of superfluid helium as self-organization phenomena in ultracold dusty plasma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3261. [PMID: 30824787 PMCID: PMC6397283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40111-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A multimodal dusty plasma formed in a positive column of the direct current glow discharge at superfluid helium temperatures has been studied for the first time. Formation of a liquid-like dusty plasma structure occurred after injection of polydisperse cerium oxide particles in the glow discharge. The coupling parameter ~10 determined for the dusty plasma structure corresponds very well to its liquid-like type. The cloud of nanoparticles and non-linear waves within the cloud were observed at T < 2 K. Solid helical filaments with length up to 5 mm, diameter up to 22 μm, total charges ~106е, levitating in the gas discharge at the temperature ~2 K and pressure 4 Pa have been observed for the first time. Analysis of the experimental conditions and the filament composition allows us to conclude that the filaments and nanoclusters were formed due to ion sputtering of dielectric material during the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman E Boltnev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412, Russia. .,Branch of Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow region, 142432, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow region, 141701, Russia.
| | - Mikhail M Vasiliev
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow region, 141701, Russia
| | - Evgenii A Kononov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow region, 141701, Russia
| | - Oleg F Petrov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125412, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow region, 141701, Russia
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McColgan PT, Sheludiakov S, Boltnev RE, Lee DM, Khmelenko VV. Luminescence of ND radicals during the destruction of molecular nitrogen nanoclusters. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McColgan PT, Meraki A, Boltnev RE, Lee DM, Khmelenko VV. Luminescence of Molecular Nitrogen Nanoclusters Containing Stabilized Atoms. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9045-9057. [PMID: 29112821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied the luminescence of molecular nitrogen nanoclusters containing stabilized nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and deuterium atoms. Optical spectra were observed during the destruction of these ensembles of nanoclusters accompanied by a rapid release of chemical energy stored in the samples. Several interesting features were observed including a broad band near λ ≈ 360 nm, which was identified as emission corresponding to 2Ag→1Ag transition of N4(D2h) polymeric nitrogen. Also the sharp lines at λ ∼ 336 and 473 nm were observed, and their assignments to ND radicals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T McColgan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Adil Meraki
- Department of Physics, Bilecik University , 11210 Gülümbe, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Roman E Boltnev
- Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , Chernogolovka, Russia.,Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, Russia
| | - David M Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Vladimir V Khmelenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Boltnev RE, Bykhalo IB, Krushinskaya IN, Pelmenev AA, Mao S, Meraki A, McColgan PT, Lee DM, Khmelenko VV. Spectroscopic observation of nitrogen anions N(-) in solid matrices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16013-20. [PMID: 27241627 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01080f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of old and recent experiments on thermoluminescence of cryocrystals and nanoclusters of N2, Ne, Ar, and Kr containing stabilized nitrogen atoms, suggests that the so-called γ-line may correspond to the bound-bound transition (1)D-(3)P of nitrogen anions N(-) formed in solids by the association of delocalized electrons and metastable nitrogen atoms N((2)D). The recent observations of the γ-line were accompanied by simultaneous luminescence of metastable nitrogen N((2)D) atoms and exoelectron emission. The fine structure of the γ-line at 793 nm has been experimentally observed and investigated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Boltnev
- Branch of Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia.
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Boltnev RE, Bykhalo IB, Krushinskaya IN, Pelmenev AA, Khmelenko VV, Mao S, Meraki A, Wilde SC, McColgan PT, Lee DM. Optical and electron spin resonance studies of xenon-nitrogen-helium condensates containing nitrogen and oxygen atoms. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:2438-48. [PMID: 25353614 DOI: 10.1021/jp508534t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present the first observations of excimer XeO* molecules in molecular nitrogen films surrounding xenon cores of nanoclusters. Multishell nanoclusters form upon the fast cooling of a helium jet containing small admixtures of nitrogen and xenon by cold helium vapor (T = 1.5 K). Such nanoclusters injected into superfluid helium aggregate into porous impurity-helium condensates. Passage of helium gas with admixtures through a radio frequency discharge allows the storage of high densities of radicals stabilized in impurity-helium condensates. Intense recombination of the radicals occurs during destruction of such condensates and generates excited species observable because of optical emission. Rich spectra of xenon-oxygen complexes have been detected upon destruction of xenon-nitrogen-helium condensates. A xenon environment quenches metastable N((2)D) atoms but has a much weaker effect on the luminescence of N((2)P) atoms. Electron spin resonance spectra of N((4)S) atoms trapped in xenon-nitrogen-helium condensates have been studied. High local concentrations of nitrogen atoms (up to 10(21) cm(-3)) stabilized in xenon-nitrogen nanoclusters have been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman E Boltnev
- †Branch of Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.,‡Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Igor B Bykhalo
- †Branch of Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Irina N Krushinskaya
- †Branch of Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Alexander A Pelmenev
- †Branch of Talroze Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.,‡Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
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Khmelenko VV, Mao S, Meraki A, Wilde SC, McColgan P, Pelmenev AA, Boltnev RE, Lee DM. Luminescence of oxygen atoms stimulated by metastable helium at cryogenic temperatures. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:183002. [PMID: 24237513 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.183002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present investigations of the afterglow of oxygen-helium gas mixtures at cryogenic temperatures. The cooling of a helium jet containing trace amounts of oxygen after passing through a radio frequency discharge zone led to the observation of strong emissions from atomic oxygen. The effect results from the increasing efficiency of energy transfer from metastable helium atoms and molecules to oxygen impurities in the cold dense helium vapor. This effect might find an application for the detection of small quantities of the impurities in helium gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Khmelenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Krainyukova NV, Boltnev RE, Bernard EP, Khmelenko VV, Lee DM, Kiryukhin V. Observation of the fcc-to-hcp transition in ensembles of argon nanoclusters. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:245505. [PMID: 23368345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.245505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic ensembles of weakly interacting argon nanoclusters are studied using x-ray diffraction in low vacuum. As the clusters grow by fusion with increasing temperature, their structure transforms from essentially face-centered cubic (fcc) to hexagonal close packed as the cluster size approaches ~10(5) atoms. The transformation involves intermediate orthorhombic phases. These data confirm extant theoretical predictions. They also indicate that growth kinetics and spatial constraints might play an important role in the formation of the fcc structure of bulk rare-gas solids, which still remains puzzling.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Krainyukova
- B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Lenin Avenue, Kharkov 61103, Ukraine
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Kiryukhin V, Bernard EP, Khmelenko VV, Boltnev RE, Krainyukova NV, Lee DM. Noble-gas nanoclusters with fivefold symmetry stabilized in superfluid helium. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:195506. [PMID: 17677631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.195506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic samples (volume approximately cm(3), atomic density approximately 10(19) -10(20) cm(-3)) of noble-gas nanoclusters (size approximately 5-6 nm) were produced in superfluid helium by an impurity-helium gas injection technique. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the samples consist of weakly interacting nanoclusters with fivefold symmetry, such as icosahedra and decahedra. These results open new opportunities for fundamental research of nanoclusters of noble gases and other materials in well-controlled environments using experimental techniques requiring bulk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kiryukhin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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