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Montoya-Inzunza LA, Moreno-Ulloa A, Carballo-Castañeda RA, Xool-Tamayo J, Contreras-Angulo LA, Leyva-López N, Antunes-Ricardo M, Gonzalez-Galaviz JR, Heredia JB, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP. Metabolomic Characterization of Phoradendron brachystachyum Mistletoe and In-Silico and In-Vitro Investigation of Its Therapeutic Potential in Metabolic Disorders. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2729. [PMID: 37514343 PMCID: PMC10383180 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the Phoradendron genus have been traditionally used for their lipid- and glucose-lowering effects. However, the compounds responsible for these effects and the overall chemical profile of these plants have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to characterize the metabolome of leaves, stems, and aerial parts of the Phoradendron brachystachyum plant. We used mass spectrometry and colorimetric screening techniques (with various solvents) to identify and characterize the metabolites present. We also evaluated the antioxidant (FRAP, ORAC, TEAC, and DPPH assays) and inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase enzymes of hydrophilic extracts. Furthermore, we compared the molecular fingerprints between the identified metabolites and FDA-approved drugs to gain insights into the metabolites that might be responsible for the observed effects on enzymes. Our findings revealed the presence of 59 putative metabolites, primarily flavonoids. However, we also hint at the presence of peptide and carbohydrate derivatives. The leaf extracts demonstrated the most promising metrics across all assays, exhibiting strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects as well as high levels of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. Fingerprint analysis suggested potential peptide and carbohydrate metabolites as pancreatic lipase and α-glucosidase inhibitors. Overall, our study provides evidence on specific metabolites in Phoradendron brachystachyum that could be responsible for the therapeutic effects noted in obese and type 2 diabetes subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Aurelio Montoya-Inzunza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico
| | - Aldo Moreno-Ulloa
- MS2 Laboratory, Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
| | - Rommel A Carballo-Castañeda
- MS2 Laboratory, Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
| | - Jorge Xool-Tamayo
- MS2 Laboratory, Biomedical Innovation Department, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada 22860, Mexico
| | - Laura Aracely Contreras-Angulo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico
| | - Nayely Leyva-López
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico
- Posdoc CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- The Institute for Obesity Research, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | | | - José Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico
| | - Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Cátedras CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Mexico
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Nguyen JP, Ramirez-Sanchez I, Garate-Carrillo A, Navarrete-Yañez V, Carballo-Castañeda RA, Ceballos G, Moreno-Ulloa A, Villarreal F. Effects of aging and type 2 diabetes on cardiac structure and function: Underlying mechanisms. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112108. [PMID: 36708752 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We characterized long-term changes in cardiac structure and function in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin mouse model of aging and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and examined how the intersection of both conditions alters plasma metabolomics. We also evaluated the possible roles played by oxidative stress, arginase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines. C57BL/6 male mice (13-month-old) were used. Control animals (n = 13) were fed regular chow for 10 months (aged group). T2D animals (n = 25) were provided a single injection of streptozotocin and fed a high fat diet for 10 months. In select endpoints, young animals were used for comparison. To monitor changes in left ventricular (LV) structure and function, echocardiography was used. At the terminal study (23 months), blood was collected and hearts processed for biochemical or histological analysis. Echo yielded diminished diastolic function with aging and T2D. LV fractional shortening and ejection fraction decreased with T2D by 16 months peaking at 23 months. Western blots noted increases in fibronectin and type I collagen with aging/T2D and greater levels with T2D in α-smooth muscle actin. Increases in plasma and/or myocardial protein carbonyls, arginase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines occurred with aging and T2D. Untargeted metabolomics and cheminformatics revealed differences in the plasma metabolome of T2D vs. aged mice while select classes of lipid metabolites linked to insulin resistance, were dysregulated. We thus, document changes in LV structure and function with aging that in select endpoints, are accentuated with T2D and link them to increases in OS, arginase activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Israel Ramirez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Garate-Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Navarrete-Yañez
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Aldo Moreno-Ulloa
- Laboratorio MS2, Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, CICESE, Mexico
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Health Care, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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