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Pramasivan S, Ngui R, Jeyaprakasam NK, Liew JWK, Low VL, Mohamed Hassan N, Wan Sulaiman WY, Jaraee R, Abdul Rahman R, Jelip J, Vythilingam I. Spatial distribution of Plasmodium knowlesi cases and their vectors in Johor, Malaysia: in light of human malaria elimination. Malar J 2021; 20:426. [PMID: 34715864 PMCID: PMC8555301 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03963-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite infection, increases as Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax infections decrease in Johor, Malaysia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the distribution of vectors involved in knowlesi malaria transmission in Johor. This finding is vital in estimating hotspot areas for targeted control strategies. Methods Anopheles mosquitoes were collected from the location where P. knowlesi cases were reported. Cases of knowlesi malaria from 2011 to 2019 in Johor were analyzed. Internal transcribed spacers 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes were used to identify the Leucosphyrus Group of Anopheles mosquitoes. In addition, spatial analysis was carried out on the knowlesi cases and vectors in Johor. Results One hundred and eighty-nine cases of P. knowlesi were reported in Johor over 10 years. Young adults between the ages of 20–39 years comprised 65% of the cases. Most infected individuals were involved in agriculture and army-related occupations (22% and 32%, respectively). Four hundred and eighteen Leucosphyrus Group Anopheles mosquitoes were captured during the study. Anopheles introlatus was the predominant species, followed by Anopheles latens. Spatial analysis by Kriging interpolation found that hotspot regions of P. knowlesi overlapped or were close to the areas where An. introlatus and An. latens were found. A significantly high number of vectors and P. knowlesi cases were found near the road within 0–5 km. Conclusions This study describes the distribution of P. knowlesi cases and Anopheles species in malaria-endemic transmission areas in Johor. Geospatial analysis is a valuable tool for studying the relationship between vectors and P. knowlesi cases. This study further supports that the Leucosphyrus Group of mosquitoes might be involved in transmitting knowlesi malaria cases in Johor. These findings may provide initial evidence to prioritize diseases and vector surveillance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12936-021-03963-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandthya Pramasivan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Romano Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Malaria Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | - Jonathan Wee Kent Liew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Van Lun Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norzihan Mohamed Hassan
- Entomology & Pest Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Ropiah Jaraee
- Entomology & Pest Unit, Johor State Health District Department, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Jenarun Jelip
- Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hamid NA, Alexander N, Suer R, Ahmed NW, Mudin RN, Omar T, Dapari R, Che Mat Din SNA, Rahman RA, Jaraee R, Baur F, Schmitt F, Hamon N, Richardson JH, Langlois-Jacques C, Rabilloud M, Saadatian-Elahi M. Targeted outdoor residual spraying, autodissemination devices and their combination against Aedes mosquitoes: field implementation in a Malaysian urban setting - ERRATUM. Bull Entomol Res 2020; 110:708. [PMID: 32912347 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Hamid NA, Alexander N, Suer R, Ahmed NW, Mudin RN, Omar T, Dapari R, Che Mat Din SNA, Rahman RA, Jaraee R, Baur F, Schmitt F, Hamon N, Richardson JH, Langlois-Jacques C, Rabilloud M, Saadatian-Elahi M. Targeted outdoor residual spraying, autodissemination devices and their combination against Aedes mosquitoes: field implementation in a Malaysian urban setting. Bull Entomol Res 2020; 110:700-707. [PMID: 32410722 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, dengue control relies largely on reactive vector control programmes. Proactive vector-control using a rational, well-balanced integrated vector management approach may prove more successful for dengue control. As part of the development of a cluster randomized controlled epidemiological trial, a study was conducted in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. The study included one control site (three buildings) and three intervention sites which were treated as follows: targeted outdoor residual spraying only (TORS site, two buildings); deployment of autodissemination devices only (ADD site, four buildings); and the previous two treatments combined (TORS + ADD site, three buildings). The primary entomological measurement was per cent of positive ovitraps-ovitrap index (OI). The effect of each intervention on OI was analyzed by a modified ordinary least squares regression model. Relative to the control site, the TORS and ADD sites showed a reduction in the Aedes OI (-6.5%, P = 0.04 and -8.3%, P = 0.10, respectively). Analysis by species showed that, relative to control, the Ae. aegypti OI was lower in ADD (-8.9%, P = 0.03) and in TORS (-10.4%, P = 0.02). No such effect was evident in the TORS + ADD site. The present study provides insights into the methods to be used for the main trial. The combination of multiple insecticides with different modes of action in one package is innovative, although we could not demonstrate the additive effect of TORS + ADD. Further work is required to strengthen our understanding of how these interventions impact dengue vector populations and dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulhusna Ab Hamid
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, WHO Collaborating Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Neal Alexander
- MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Remco Suer
- In2Care B.V., Marijkeweg 22, 6871SE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nazni Wasi Ahmed
- Medical Entomology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, WHO Collaborating Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, 50588Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rose Nani Mudin
- Vector Borne Disease Sector, Disease Control Division, Federal Government Administrative Center, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 4, Block E10, Complex E, 62590Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Topek Omar
- Vector Borne Disease Sector, Disease Control Division, Federal Government Administrative Center, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 4, Block E10, Complex E, 62590Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Rahmat Dapari
- Vector Borne Disease Sector, Disease Control Division, Federal Government Administrative Center, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Level 4, Block E10, Complex E, 62590Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Shahrom Nor Azian Che Mat Din
- Public Health Division, Johor, Johor State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Persiaran Permai, 81200Johor Bahru Johor, Malaysia
| | - Roslinda Abdul Rahman
- Public Health Division, Johor, Johor State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Persiaran Permai, 81200Johor Bahru Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ropiah Jaraee
- Entomology and Pest Unit Public Health Division, Johor, Johor State Health Department, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Persiaran Permai, 81200Johor Bahru Johor, Malaysia
| | - Frederic Baur
- Bayer S.A.S, Environmental Science, Crop Science Division, 16 rue Jean Marie Leclair; 69266 Lyon Cedex 09, France
| | - Frederic Schmitt
- Bayer S.A.S, Environmental Science, Crop Science Division, 16 rue Jean Marie Leclair; 69266 Lyon Cedex 09, France
| | - Nick Hamon
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jason H Richardson
- Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carole Langlois-Jacques
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, F-69003 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, F-69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Muriel Rabilloud
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Biostatistique et Bioinformatique, F-69003 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; Université Lyon 1, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique-Santé, F-69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mitra Saadatian-Elahi
- Service d'Hygiène, Epidémiologie et Prévention, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69437Lyon, France and Laboratoire des Pathogènes Emergents - Fondation Mérieux, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 21, Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007Lyon, France
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