1
|
Albers L, Sobotzki C, Kuß O, Ajslev T, Batista RF, Bettiol H, Brabin B, Buka SL, Cardoso VC, Clifton VL, Devereux G, Gilman SE, Grzeskowiak LE, Heinrich J, Hummel S, Jacobsen GW, Jones G, Koshy G, Morgen CS, Oken E, Paus T, Pausova Z, Rifas-Shiman SL, Sharma AJ, da Silva AA, Sørensen TI, Thiering E, Turner S, Vik T, von Kries R. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring overweight: is there a dose-response relationship? An individual patient data meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1249-1264. [PMID: 29717267 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES A number of meta-analyses suggest an association between any maternal smoking in pregnancy and offspring overweight obesity. Whether there is a dose-response relationship across number of cigarettes and whether this differs by sex remains unclear. SUBJECT/METHODS Studies reporting number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and offspring BMI published up to May 2015 were searched. An individual patient data meta-analysis of association between the number of cigarettes smoked during pregnancy and offspring overweight (defined according to the International Obesity Task Force reference) was computed using a generalized additive mixed model with non-linear effects and adjustment for confounders (maternal weight status, breastfeeding, and maternal education) and stratification for sex. RESULTS Of 26 identified studies, 16 authors provided data on a total of 238,340 mother-child-pairs. A linear positive association was observed between the number of cigarettes smoked and offspring overweight for up to 15 cigarettes per day with an OR increase per cigarette of 1.03, 95% CI = [1.02-1.03]. The OR flattened with higher cigarette use. Associations were similar in males and females. Sensitivity analyses supported these results. CONCLUSIONS A linear dose-response relationship of maternal smoking was observed in the range of 1-15 cigarettes per day equally in boys and girls with no further risk increase for doses above 15 cigarettes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Albers
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christina Sobotzki
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Kuß
- German Diabetes Center, Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Teresa Ajslev
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Rosangela Fl Batista
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernard Brabin
- Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Community Child Health,Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, NHS Trust Alder Hey, Liverpool, UK.,Emma Kinderziekenhuis, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen L Buka
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Viviane C Cardoso
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Adelaide Medical School, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Stephen E Gilman
- Health Behavior Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luke E Grzeskowiak
- Adelaide Medical School, The Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Hummel
- Forschergruppe Diabetes der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Diabetesforschung der Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V. am Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Geir W Jacobsen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gibby Koshy
- Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Camilla Schmidt Morgen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Denmark
| | - Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomas Paus
- Rotman Research Institute and Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- Hospital for Sick Children and Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Antônio Am da Silva
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Thorkild Ia Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formerly Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology I, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Torstein Vik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rüdiger von Kries
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cabrera HA, Menezes HC, Oliveira JV, Batista RF. Evaluation of residual levels of benomyl, methyl parathion, diuron, and vamidothion in pineapple pulp and bagasse (Smooth cayenne). J Agric Food Chem 2000; 48:5750-5753. [PMID: 11087549 DOI: 10.1021/jf9911444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to study the residual levels of benomyl, methyl parathion, diuron, and vamidothion in pineapple bagasse and pulp. Benomyl (benlate), methyl parathion (Folidol 600), diuron (Krovar), and Vamidothion (Kilval 300) were applied pre-harvest to pineapples (smooth cayenne). After harvesting, the fruits were washed (100 ppm sodium hypochlorite) and the pulp was separated from the sub-products (peel, core, tops, and tails). The pulp was not submitted to any heat treatment. The sub-products and the juice expressed from them, were submitted to a blanching process (95 degrees C for 1 min). After separating the juice, the bagasse and pulp were analyzed for residues of diuron and benomyl by high performance liquid chromatography, and for residues of vamidothion and methyl parathion by gas chromatography using a TSD detector. No residues of benomyl, diuron, vamidothion, or methyl parathion were detected in the pulp within the quantification limits of the methods (0.1 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.005 mg/kg, and 0.005 mg/kg, respectively). Only methyl parathion (0.052 mg/kg) and vamidothion (0.021 mg/kg) were detected in the bagasse. The presence of these residues in the bagasse was probably due to the action of the wax found in the peel, which prevented the methyl parathion and vamidothion from dissolving in the juice. According to these results, the pulp was fit for human consumption, as far as pesticide residues were concerned, and the bagasse was fit for animal feed and similar applications, because the residual levels found were below the limits established for these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Cabrera
- Department of Food Technology/FEA/UNICAMP, CP 6121, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil and Institute of Food Technology (ITAL), CP 139, 13073-001, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|