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Naghashan M, Kargarghomsheh P, Nazari RR, Mehraie A, Tooryan F, Shariatifar N. Health risk assessment of PAHs in fruit juice samples marketed in city of Tehran, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:20077-20088. [PMID: 36251183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the level of 16 PAHs in fruit juice samples (orange, apple, peach, pineapple, and mango) with three different packages (PET bottle, Tetra Pak, and canned packaging) by using MSPE/GC-MS (magnetic solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) method. In this method limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), and recovery were 0.030-0.280 μg/L, 0.090-0.840 μg/L, and 94.8-102%, respectively. Our results showed the median of total PAHs and PAH4 (in all samples) were 7.67 ± 3.19 and 0.370 ± 0.160 μg/L, respectively. The median of BaP in samples was )0.060 ± 0.030 μg/L( lower than the standard level (0.200 μg/L in drinking water) of US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Also, our results showed that pineapple juice had a maximum median of total PAHs of 12.4 ± 4.84 μg/L and mango juice had a minimum median of total PAHs of 5.17 ± 1.24 μg/L. Additionally, canned packaging had a maximum average total PAHs of 10.6 ± 5.22 μg/L and PET bottles had a minimum average total PAH of 5.25 ± 2.03 μg/L. A heat map approach was also used to cluster samples. The Monte Carlo results indicated that the estimated daily intake (EDI) rank order was Na > B(g)P > Ch > I(cd)P > B(b)F > Ph > B(k)F > F > Ace > Fl > B(a)P > B(a)A > P >A. The Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) results showed the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) at the 95th percentiles for adults and children was 4.91 × 10-7 and 9.12 × 10-7, respectively. It is concluded that the concentration of PAHs compounds in Iranian fruit juices is lower than the existing standards, and in terms of the risk of carcinogenesis, it does not threaten the human health (< 10-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Naghashan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pegah Kargarghomsheh
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | | | - Abbas Mehraie
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Tooryan
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Graduate Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Roudbari A, Rafiei Nazari R, Shariatifar N, Moazzen M, Abdolshahi A, Mirzamohammadi S, Madani-Tonekaboni M, Delvarianzadeh M, Arabameri M. Concentration and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial tea and coffee samples marketed in Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:4827-4839. [PMID: 32949359 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the probabilistic health risk and the concentration of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in commercial tea and coffee samples. For determining the mentioned contaminants in sixty-four samples, a reliable and sensitive technique was validated and developed. The technique is established on magnetic solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (MSPE/GC-MS). The maximum mean of ƩPAHs in coffee samples was 13.75 ± 2.90 μg kg-1, while the minimum mean ƩPAHs in tea samples was 4.77 ± 1.01 μg kg-1. The mean concentration of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in samples ranged from 0.64 to 2.07 μg kg-1 which was lower than that of standard levels (10 μg kg-1) established by the European Union (EU). The Monte Carlo simulation results showed that the actual target hazard quotient (THQ) for the adult and children was equal to 1.63E-04 and 1.67E-04, respectively; hence, non-carcinogenic health risk for consumers is negligible. The result of actual incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) was lower than the limits of safe risk (1E-4), indicating no notable possibility of cancer risk due to the digestion of tea and coffee for children and adults. Therefore, it can be concluded that the amount of contamination of popular commercial coffee and tea available in the Iranian market with PAHs is often similar to that found in other countries and was lower than the standard of EU. Thus, the processing conditions of these products must be controlled to prevent the formation of PAHs due to the suspicion of carcinogenicity and mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliakbar Roudbari
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Moazzen
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Abdolshahi
- Food Safety Research Center (salt), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Solmaz Mirzamohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Vice-chancellery of food and drug, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | - Mehri Delvarianzadeh
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Vice-chancellery of food and drug, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
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Arabameri M, Nazari RR, Abdolshahi A, Abdollahzadeh M, Mirzamohammadi S, Shariatifar N, Barba FJ, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Oxidative stability of virgin olive oil: evaluation and prediction with an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:5358-5367. [PMID: 31056745 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was employed to predict the oxidative stability of virgin olive oil (VOO) during storage as a function of time, storage temperature, total polyphenol, α-tocopherol, fatty acid profile, ultraviolet (UV) extinction coefficient (K268 ), and diacylglycerols (DAGs). RESULTS The mean total quantities of polyphenols and DAGs were 1.1 and 1.9 times lower in VOOs stored at 25 °C than in the initial samples, and the mean total quantities of polyphenols and DAGs were 1.3 and 2.26 times lower in VOOs stored at 37 °C than in the initial samples, respectively. In a single sample, α-tocopherol was reduced by between 0.52 and 0.91 times during storage, regardless of the storage temperature. The mean specific UV extinction coefficients (K268 ) for VOO stored at 25 and 37 °C were reported as 0.15 (ranging between 0.06-0.39) and 0.13 (ranging between 0.06-0.35), respectively. The ANFIS model created a multi-dimensional correlation function, which used compositional variables and environmental conditions to assess the quality of VOO. The ANFIS model, with a generalized bell-shaped membership function and a hybrid learning algorithm (R2 = 0.98; MSE = 0.0001), provided more precise predictions than other algorithms. CONCLUSION Minor constituents were found to be the most important factors influencing the preservation status and freshness of VOO during storage. Relative changes (increases and reductions) in DAGs were good indicators of oil oxidative stability. The observed effectiveness of ANFIS for modeling oxidative stability parameters confirmed its potential use as a supplemental tool in the predictive quality assessment of VOO. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Arabameri
- Vice-chancellery of Food and Drug, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | - Anna Abdolshahi
- Food Safety Research Center(salt), School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahzadeh
- Vice-Chancellery of Food and Drug, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Solmaz Mirzamohammadi
- Vice-chancellery of Food and Drug, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Halal research center of IRI.FDA.MOH, Tehran, Iran
- Food safety research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Universitat de València, Faculty of Pharmacy, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Nutrition and Food Science Area, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato, 80. Caixa. CEP: 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo
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Madani-Tonekaboni M, Sadat aghayan N, Rafiei Nazari R, Mirzamohammadi S, Abdolshahi A, Abbasi-bastami N, Arabameri M. Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Milks from East of Iran Using Monte Carlo Simulation Method. Nutr Food Sci Res 2019. [DOI: 10.29252/nfsr.6.2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Rafiei Nazari R, Noorian S, Arabameri M. Migration modelling of phthalate from non-alcoholic beer bottles by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:2113-2120. [PMID: 28941244 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limitations to the basic knowledge regarding various ways by which packaging components migrate into food as well as ways by which various conditions, elements and molecules related to this phenomenon are analysed. This research aimed to model phthalate migration from polyethylene terephthalate bottles containing non-alcoholic beer by performing adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) analysis. RESULTS The data showed that storage temperature, contact surface and storage period correlates with the rate of migration. Migration of phthalate increases with storage duration gradually and reduces under different temperatures and contact surface. Moreover, increased temperature and storage duration resulted in an increase in migration level ranging from 0.6 μg L-1 to 2.9 μg L-1 . In summary, the present study used an ANFIS architecture which consists of three inputs (temperature, surface and storage period), Gauss-bell membership functions for each input variable and one output layer, which represent the migration level. The validation and training models showed an excellent match between the experimental and predicted values of ANFIS. CONCLUSION Analysis of the model showed that ANFIS is a powerful tool for predicting phthalate migration from bottles containing non-alcoholic beer. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simin Noorian
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Majid Arabameri
- Vice-chancellery of Food and Drug, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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