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Othman HO, Anwer ET, Ali DS, Hassan RO, Mahmood EE, Ahmed RA, Muhammad RF, Smaoui S. Recent advances in carbon quantum dots for gene delivery: A comprehensive review. J Cell Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38454776 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a revolutionary technology in healthcare that provides novel therapeutic options and has immense potential in addressing genetic illnesses, malignancies, and viral infections. Nevertheless, other obstacles still need to be addressed regarding safety, ethical implications, and technological enhancement. Nanotechnology and gene therapy fields have shown significant promise in transforming medical treatments by improving accuracy, effectiveness, and personalization. This review assesses the possible uses of gene therapy, its obstacles, and future research areas, specifically emphasizing the creative combination of gene therapy and nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is essential for gene delivery as it allows for the development of nano-scale carriers, such as carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which may effectively transport therapeutic genes into specific cells. CQDs exhibit distinctive physicochemical characteristics such as small size, excellent stability, and minimal toxicity, which render them highly favorable for gene therapy applications. The objective of this study is to review and describe the current advancements in the utilization of CQDs for gene delivery. Additionally, it intends to assess existing research, explore novel applications, and identify future opportunities and obstacles. This study offers a thorough summary of the current state and future possibilities of using CQDs for gene delivery. Combining recent research findings highlights the potential of CQDs to revolutionize gene therapy and its delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazha Omar Othman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Esra Tariq Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Diyar Salahuddin Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Knowledge University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Rebwar Omar Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
- Department of Radiological Imaging Technology, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Iraq
| | - Elnaz Ehsan Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Rayan Abubakir Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial and Enzymatic Biotechnologies and Biomolecules, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ahmed HMA, Ibrahim N, Mohamad NS, Nambiar P, Muhammad RF, Yusoff M, Dummer PMH. Application of a new system for classifying root and canal anatomy in studies involving micro-computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography: Explanation and elaboration. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1056-1082. [PMID: 33527452 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adequate knowledge and accurate characterization of root and canal anatomy is an essential prerequisite for successful root canal treatment and endodontic surgery. Over the years, an ever-increasing body of knowledge related to root and canal anatomy of the human dentition has accumulated. To correct deficiencies in existing systems, a new coding system for classifying root and canal morphology, accessory canals and anomalies has been introduced. In recent years, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been used extensively to study the details of root and canal anatomy in extracted teeth and within clinical settings. This review aims to discuss the application of the new coding system in studies using micro-CT and CBCT, provide a detailed guide for appropriate characterization of root and canal anatomy and to discuss several controversial issues that may appear as potential limitations for proper characterization of roots and canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M A Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N S Mohamad
- Centre of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Nambiar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia
| | - R F Muhammad
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Yusoff
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - P M H Dummer
- School of Dentistry, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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