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Kumari D, Gautam J, Sharma V, Gupta SK, Sarkar S, Jana P, Singhal V, Babele P, Kamboj P, Bajpai S, Tandon R, Kumar Y, Dikshit M. Effect of herbal extracts and Saroglitazar on high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic lipidome in C57BL/6J mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22051. [PMID: 38027691 PMCID: PMC10663915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of select herbal extracts (Tinospora cordifolia [TC], Tinospora cordifolia with Piper longum [TC + PL], Withania somnifera [WS], Glycyrrhiza glabra [GG], AYUSH-64 [AY-64], and Saroglitazar [S]) on various parameters in a diet-induced obesity mouse model. After 12 weeks of oral administration of the herbal extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice, we analyzed plasma biochemical parameters, insulin resistance (IR), liver histology, and the expression of inflammatory and fibrosis markers, along with hepatic lipidome. We also used a 3D hepatic spheroid model to assess their impact on profibrotic gene expression. Among the extracts, TC + PL showed a significant reduction in IR, liver weight, TNF-α, IL4, IL10 expression, and hepatic lipid levels (saturated triglycerides, ceramides, lysophosphocholines, acylcarnitines, diglycerides, and phosphatidylinositol levels). Saroglitazar reversed changes in body weight, IR, plasma triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and various hepatic lipid species (fatty acids, phospholipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and triglycerides). With the exception of GG, Saroglitazar, and other extracts protected against palmitic acid-induced fibrosis marker gene expression in the 3D spheroids. TC + PL and Saroglitazar also effectively prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance, inflammation, and specific harmful lipid species in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kumari
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Jyoti Gautam
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Soumalya Sarkar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradipta Jana
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Singhal
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Babele
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Kamboj
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Sneh Bajpai
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | | | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-communicable Disease Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad, 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Rd, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226031, India.
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Sharma PK, Kumar L, Goswami Y, Pujani M, Dikshit M, Tandon R. The aqueous root extract of Withania somnifera ameliorates LPS-induced inflammatory changes in the in vitro cell-based and mice models of inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1139654. [PMID: 37377934 PMCID: PMC10291246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1139654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Most critically ill COVID-19 patients have bronchitis, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to excessive inflammatory conditions. Corticosteroids have largely been prescribed for the management of inflammation in these patients. However, long-term use of corticosteroids in patients with comorbidities such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and other inflammatory disorders is ideally not recommended due to safety issues. A potential and safer anti-inflammatory therapy is therefore the need of the hour. Withania somnifera (WS), a well-known herbal medicine used during the pandemic in India to prevent SARS-CoV2 infection, also possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: In the present study, we, therefore, evaluated the effect of the aqueous extract of the roots of W. somnifera in the cell-based assays and in the experimental animal models of LPS-induced inflammation. Results: In the NCI-H460, A549 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pre-treatment with W. somnifera reduced the LPS-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, W. somnifera extract also showed potent anti-inflammatory activity in the lung tissues of BALB/c mice challenged intranasally with LPS. We observed a marked reduction in the neutrophil counts in the broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, inflammatory cytokines, and fibrosis in the mice lungs pre-treated with W. somnifera. Results obtained thus suggest the potential utility of W. somnifera extract in reducing airway inflammation and recommend the clinical evaluation of W. somnifera extract in COVID-19 patients with a high propensity for lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lokesh Kumar
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Yamini Goswami
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Mukta Pujani
- ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, India
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Pharmacology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ruchi Tandon
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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Wade PA, Tandon R, Carroll PJ. Cyclic β-hydroxy-α-nitrosulfone isomers readily interconvert via open-chain aldehyde forms. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37264923 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00349c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two structurally diverse cyclic β-hydroxy-α-nitrosulfones have been prepared and their isomerisation reactions studied. These cyclic β-hydroxy-α-nitrosulfones undergo isomer equilibration via open-chain aldehyde forms under a variety of mild conditions. Michael condensation of 1,1'-[(1,3-dinitro-1,3-propanediyl)bis(sulfonyl)]bis(benzene) with propenal and subsequent cyclisation afforded 2,4-dinitro-2,4-bis(phenylsulfonyl)cyclohexanol in 98% yield as a mixture of four diastereomers. Sequential chromatography and recrystallization afford pure (1R,2R,4S)-rel-2,4-dinitro-2,4-bis(phenylsulfonyl)cyclohexanol based on spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic data. This diastereomer equilibrates with the other three possible diastereomers under a variety of mild conditions: during silica gel chromatography, when dissolved in basic solution, and when dissolved in neutral polar solvents. Open-chain aldehyde forms are implicated as intermediates in isomer interconversion. Condensation of 1-methyl-4-[(nitromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene and pentanedial gives 2-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-nitrocyclohexane-1,3-diol as predominantly two diastereomers. Purification affords pure racemic diastereomer in 55% yield. This racemic diastereomer interconverts with several other isomers during silica gel chromatography. These isomers were identified as one, likely two, diastereomeric meso 2-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-2-nitrocyclohexane-1,3-diol isomers and four cyclic hemiacetal constitutional isomers. When dissolved in neutral polar solvents, the racemic diastereomer also interconverts with meso diastereomers and cyclic hemiacetals showing a marked solvent dependence. Reaction of the racemic diastereomer with triethylamine in dichloromethane results in isomerisation as well as substantial reversion to 1-methyl-4-[(nitromethyl)sulfonyl]benzene and pentanedial. Reaction with triethylamine in DMSO as well as simply warming in DMSO results in ring opening and concomitant dehydration to afford (E)-6-(4-methylphenylsulfonyl)-6-nitrohex-4-enal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Wade
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ruchi Tandon
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Soni A, Saha S, Agarwal A, Rehman Abdul Rauf A, Singh RK, Seth M, Singh SK, Sinha S, Shirumalla RK, Marumoto S, Tandon R. 2-{N-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetyl]-N-methylamino}-3-pyrrolidinepropanamide analogs as potential antagonists of Urotensin II receptor. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2023; 43:1-8. [PMID: 36651469 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2022.2164306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
THE PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE To identify novel small molecule antagonists of Urotensin II receptor with acceptable pharmacological profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies on 2-{N-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetyl]-N-methylamino}-3-pyrrolidinepropanamide series were conducted and shortlisted compounds were synthesized and evaluated in in vitro cell-based assays. Human and mouse Urotensin II receptor overexpressing CHO cells were used for calcium release and radioligand binding assays. Initial molecules in this series had solubility and inter-species variability issue in the calcium release assay. We, therefore, conducted SAR to overcome these 2 issues and molecules with accepted in vitro profile were evaluated further in mouse pressor response model to generate the in vivo proof of concept for UII receptor antagonization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We report herewith identification of 2-{N-[(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetyl]-N-methylamino}-3-pyrrolidinepropanamides series to obtain novel small molecule antagonists of Urotensin II receptor with acceptable pharmacological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Subham Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Aditi Agarwal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Abdul Rehman Abdul Rauf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Mahesh Seth
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Shashi Kant Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Raj Kumar Shirumalla
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | | | - Ruchi Tandon
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre in India, Gurgaon, Haryana, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad, India
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Gopal P, Sivapurapu V, Nag D, Bhatia N, Tandon R, Bhavar T. Recent advances in critical care: Part II. Indian J Anaesth 2023; 67:110-116. [PMID: 36970480 PMCID: PMC10034943 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_1006_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing number of critically ill patients being admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), newer techniques and treatment modalities continue to evolve for their adequate management. Thus, it has become imperative to understand existing tools and resources, and utilise or repurpose them to achieve better results that can decrease morbidity and mortality. In this writeup, we chose five areas of interest, including analgosedation, role of colloids, recent advancements in the management of respiratory failure, the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and newer antimicrobials. The role of analgosedation in the critically ill has gained importance with focus on post-ICU syndromes, and albumin has re-entered the fray as a possible repairer of the injured glycocalyx. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced us to relook at various ventilator strategies and mechanical support for the failing circulation has now become more common with clear end-points. Rising microbial antibiotic resistance has opened up the research on newer antibiotics.
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Sorokhaibam S, Tandon R, Agrawal A, Shivanna KR. Quantitative assessment of oil palm pollen after 23 years of cryobanking. Cryo Letters 2023; 44:20-25. [PMID: 36629838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of pollen grains is an effective means of conserving desired germplasm of crop plants. Cryoconserved pollen are expected to be long-lived and thus can be suitably retrieved to overcome hybridization constraints imposed by a variety of reasons. We ascertained the performance of oil palm pollen grains (Tenera hybrids) that were cryobanked 23 years ago using liquid nitrogen (-196 degree C). Cryostored pollen were assessed for viability, in-vitro germinability and vigour. Our analysis showed a marginal decline in viability, assessed through fluorochromatic reaction test, of cryopreserved pollen as compared to fresh ones (pre-storage assessment); however, the viability did not decline in the cryostate since it was last tested 15 years back. On the other hand, germinability and vigour of cryopreserved pollen were maintained to the levels of fresh pollen. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates the amenability of pollen grains for cryopreservation of any plant species beyond a period of two decades in general, and that for oil palm in particular. doi.org/10.54680/fr23110110512.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sorokhaibam
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
| | - R Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
| | - A Agrawal
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources; National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi -110012, India
| | - K R Shivanna
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Srirampura, Bengaluru - 560064, India
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Kumar S, Parry T, Mallett S, Bhatnagar G, Plumb A, Walsh S, Scott N, Tandon R, Chong H, du Parcq J, Martinez A, Moorghen M, Rodriguez-Justo M, Halligan S, Taylor SA. Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Enterography Disease Activity Indices Compared with a Histological Reference Standard for Adult Terminal Ileal Crohn's Disease: Experience from the METRIC Trial. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1531-1539. [PMID: 35481898 PMCID: PMC9624291 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The simplified magnetic resonance enterography [MRE] index of activity [sMARIA], London, and 'extended' London, scoring systems are widely used in Crohn's disease [CD] to assess disease activity, although validation studies have usually been single-centre, retrospective, and/or used few readers. Here, we evaluated these MRE indices within a prospective, multicentre, multireader, diagnostic accuracy trial. METHODS A subset of participants [newly diagnosed or suspected of relapse] recruited to the METRIC trial with available terminal ileal [TI] biopsies was included. Using pre-specified thresholds, the sensitivity and specificity of sMARIA, London, and 'extended' London scores for active and severe [sMARIA] TI CD were calculated using different thresholds for the histological activity index [HAI]. RESULTS We studied 111 patients [median age 29 years, interquartile range 21-41, 75 newly diagnosed, 36 suspected relapse] from seven centres, of whom 22 had no active TI CD [HAI = 0], 39 mild [HAI = 1], 13 moderate [HAI = 2], and 37 severe CD activity [HAI = 3]. In total, 26 radiologists prospectively scored MRE datasets as per their usual clinical practice. Sensitivity and specificity for active disease [HAI >0] were 83% [95% confidence interval 74% to 90%] and 41% [23% to 61%] for sMARIA, 76% [67% to 84%] and 64% [43% to 80%] for the London score, and 81% [72% to 88%] and 41% [23% to 61%] for the 'extended' London score, respectively. The sMARIA had 84% [69-92%] sensitivity and 53% [41-64%] specificity for severe CD. CONCLUSIONS When tested at their proposed cut-offs in a real-world setting, sMARIA, London, and 'extended' London indices achieve high sensitivity for active TI disease against a histological reference standard, but specificity is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Kumar
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Parry
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sue Mallett
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Plumb
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shaun Walsh
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Nigel Scott
- Department of Histopathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Ruchi Tandon
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Heung Chong
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John du Parcq
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adrianna Martinez
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Morgan Moorghen
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St Mark’s Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Justo
- Department of Histopathology, University College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Steve Halligan
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart A Taylor
- Correspondence to: Professor Stuart A Taylor, UCL, Centre for Medical Imaging, 2nd Floor Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley Street. London W1W 7TS, UK.
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Sorokhaibam S, Tandon R, Agrawal A, Shivanna KR. Quantitative assessment of oil palm pollen after 23 years of cryobanking. Cryo Letters 2022; 44:20-25. [PMID: 36625872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of pollen grains is an effective means of conserving desired germplasm of crop plants. Cryoconserved pollen are expected to be long-lived and thus can be suitably retrieved to overcome hybridization constraints imposed by a variety of reasons. We ascertained the performance of oil palm pollen grains (Tenera hybrids) that were cryobanked 23 years ago using liquid nitrogen (-196 degree C). Cryostored pollen were assessed for viability, in-vitro germinability and vigour. Our analysis showed a marginal decline in viability, assessed through fluorochromatic reaction test, of cryopreserved pollen as compared to fresh ones (pre-storage assessment); however, the viability did not decline in the cryostate since it was last tested 15 years back. On the other hand, germinability and vigour of cryopreserved pollen were maintained to the levels of fresh pollen. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates the amenability of pollen grains for cryopreservation of any plant species beyond a period of two decades in general, and that for oil palm in particular. doi.org/10.54680/fr23110110512.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sorokhaibam
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India
| | - R Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi - 110007, India.
| | - A Agrawal
- ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources; National Agricultural Higher Education Project (NAHEP), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Pusa Campus, New Delhi -110012, India
| | - K R Shivanna
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Srirampura, Bengaluru - 560064, India
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Friedrich M, Pohin M, Jackson MA, Korsunsky I, Bullers SJ, Rue-Albrecht K, Christoforidou Z, Sathananthan D, Thomas T, Ravindran R, Tandon R, Peres RS, Sharpe H, Wei K, Watts GFM, Mann EH, Geremia A, Attar M, McCuaig S, Thomas L, Collantes E, Uhlig HH, Sansom SN, Easton A, Raychaudhuri S, Travis SP, Powrie FM. IL-1-driven stromal-neutrophil interactions define a subset of patients with inflammatory bowel disease that does not respond to therapies. Nat Med 2021; 27:1970-1981. [PMID: 34675383 PMCID: PMC8604730 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01520-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Current inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapies are ineffective in a high proportion of patients. Combining bulk and single-cell transcriptomics, quantitative histopathology and in situ localization across three cohorts of patients with IBD (total n = 376), we identify coexpressed gene modules within the heterogeneous tissular inflammatory response in IBD that map to distinct histopathological and cellular features (pathotypes). One of these pathotypes is defined by high neutrophil infiltration, activation of fibroblasts and vascular remodeling at sites of deep ulceration. Activated fibroblasts in the ulcer bed display neutrophil-chemoattractant properties that are IL-1R, but not TNF, dependent. Pathotype-associated neutrophil and fibroblast signatures are increased in nonresponders to several therapies across four independent cohorts (total n = 343). The identification of distinct, localized, tissular pathotypes will aid precision targeting of current therapeutics and provides a biological rationale for IL-1 signaling blockade in ulcerating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Friedrich
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mathilde Pohin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew A Jackson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilya Korsunsky
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel J Bullers
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Rue-Albrecht
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zoe Christoforidou
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Dharshan Sathananthan
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Thomas
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Rahul Ravindran
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruchi Tandon
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Raphael Sanches Peres
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerald F M Watts
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth H Mann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alessandra Geremia
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Moustafa Attar
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah McCuaig
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lloyd Thomas
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Collantes
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alistair Easton
- Old Road Campus Research Building, Department of Oncology, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon P Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fiona M Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Chapman TP, Tandon R, Brain O. Another Case of Reflux Esophagitis? Gastroenterology 2019; 157:309-310. [PMID: 30965028 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Chapman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruchi Tandon
- Histopathology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Brain
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Tandon R, Aljadeff L, Finn R, Schlieve T. Right Vs. Left Orbital Volume Comparisons: a Direct Measure in 242 Orbits. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
SummaryDSM-5 presents an opportunity to provide greater clarity to constructs involved in classification of psychotic disorders by establishing a meta-structure based on spectra of pathology, giving emphasis to the syndromal nature of current disorders, and to guide ascertainment of psycho-pathology domains to increase understanding of individual cases. There was a need to reduce spurious comorbidity, increase validity, improve reliability, consider possible new disorders, and provide more coherence across chapters in the diagnostic manual. While balancing these objectives, the new information about the nature of these disorders that has been generated since DSM-IV was incorporated into their definition. For example, variations in distinct psychopathological dimensions have been found to better account for the heterogeneity of schizophrenia than traditional subtypes. Resulting changes in DSM-5 include elimination of the classic sub-types of schizophrenia, addition of unique psychopathological dimensions, elimination of special treatment of Schneiderian “first-rank symptoms”, better delineation of schizoaffective disorder, clarification of the nosologic status of catatonia and its consistent treatment across the manual, more precise description of illness course specifiers, and addition of a new category of “attenuated psychosis syndrome” as a condition for further study. The rationale behind and the specific nature of these revisions in the DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders are summarized in this article.
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Barman C, Singh VK, Das S, Tandon R. Floral contrivances and specialised pollination mechanism strongly influence mixed mating in Wrightia tomentosa (Apocynaceae). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2018; 20:546-554. [PMID: 29330901 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive success of a plant species is largely influenced by the outcome of mating pattern in a population. It is believed that a significantly larger proportion of animal-pollinated plants have evolved a mixed-mating strategy, the extent of which may vary among species. It is thus pertinent to investigate the key contributors to mating success, especially to identify the reproductive constraints in depauperate populations of threatened plant species. We examined the contribution of floral architecture, pollination mechanism and breeding system on the extent of outcrossing rate in a near-threatened tree species, Wrightia tomentosa. The breeding system was ascertained from controlled pollination experiments. In order to determine outcrossing rate, 60 open-pollinated progeny were analysed using an AFLP markers. Although the trees are self-compatible, herkogamy and compartmentalisation of pollen and nectar in different chambers of the floral tube effectively prevent spontaneous autogamy. Pollination is achieved through specialised interaction with moths. Differential foraging behaviour of settling moths and hawkmoths leads to different proportions of geitonogamous and xenogamous pollen on the stigma. However, most open-pollinated progeny were the result of xenogamy (outcrossing rate, tm = 0.68). The study shows that floral contrivances and pollination system have a strong influence on mating pattern. The differential foraging behaviour of the pollinators causes deposition of a mixture of self- and cross-pollen to produce a mixed brood. Inbreeding depression and geitonogamy appear to play a significant role in sustaining mixed mating in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Barman
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - V K Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - S Das
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - R Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tandon
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S K Verma
- Department of Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Cotarlan V, Johnson F, Franzwa J, Inampudi C, Emerenini U, Tandon R, Tahir R, Nabeel Y, Goerbig J, Light-McGroary K, Goldsmith G, Giudici M. Biventricular Pacing Has No Acute Hemodynamic Benefit Over Right Ventricular Pacing or Intrinsic Rhythm in LVAD Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Tandon R, Agarwal A, Mehrotra S. The Difficult Paediatric Airway: Two Cases of large Cystic Hygroma. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:UD05-6. [PMID: 26894158 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/15294.7095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This is a report of a two cases of difficult intubation experienced in paediatric surgical cases. Both the infants, aged one and three-month-old respectively, had very large cystic hygroma of the neck area. Prior hematological and radiological investigations (USG and CT scan of the swelling) and preanaesthesia check up was done and cases were posted for surgical excision. Case I had difficult airway due to pressure of the tumour/cystic hygroma over the airway and posed difficulty for intubation, but was managed well. Case II had respiratory distress during preoperative period. She had been postponed for surgical excision of the cystic hygroma of neck twice due to the difficulties experienced during intubation. Needle aspiration of hygroma fluid helped to reduce the respiratory distress, and the size of the tumour as well, which further helped in the smooth intubation after a week. The postoperative period was uneventful in both the infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Tandon
- Associate Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Gandhi Medical College and associated Hospitals , Bhopal, M.P, India
| | - Aditya Agarwal
- Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Gandhi Medical College and associated Hospitals , Bhopal, M.P, India
| | - Shikha Mehrotra
- Professor, Department of Anaesthesiology, Gandhi Medical College and associated Hospitals , Bhopal, M.P, India
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Singh V, Tandon R, Wander G, Mohan B, Aslam N, Takkar S, Singh B. Cardiac rupture, a clinically predictable complication of acute myocardial infarction: Report of 15 cases with clinico-pathological correlations. Indian Heart J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2014.10.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Tandon R, Cunningham LL, White DK, Herford AS, Cicciu M. Overexpression of cyclin A in oral dysplasia: An international comparison and literature review. Indian J Cancer 2014; 51:502-5. [PMID: 26842177 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.175324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most debilitating cancers in the world and while its causes have been heavily researched, the outcome remains grim. Most of these cancers are identified in the late stage and as a result treatment options are limited. Therefore, researchers have focused their efforts on recognizing and identifying dysplastic tissue that has an increased chance of progressing to cancer. Research has begun to look at cell cycle dysfunctions and in particular, aberrant protein functions as a way of identifying the cellular mechanism at fault. The overexpression of a group of regulatory proteins called cyclins has been demonstrated in many types of dysplasia and carcinomas. Although researchers have identified several different types of cyclins as potential culprits, we chose to focus our study primarily on the overexpression of cyclin A. While most research on oral dysplasia and OSCC has been focused on cyclin D, studies have been done on cyclin A. While the etiology of oral dysplasia/SCC appears to be multifactorial, we chose to compare our results with those of similar studies performed across the globe. The social factors, such as the increased use of tobacco that may have contributed to our results, were compared with similar studies performed in Europe and Asia. While our results were remarkably similar and demonstrated a link between the overexpression of cyclin A in oral dysplasia, there exists some differences and thus may require a multicenter, longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M Cicciu
- Human Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Fernandes AVG, Tandon R, Elo J, Herford A. What name best represents our specialty? Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon versus Oral and Facial Surgeon. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Latimer N, Tandon R, Herford A, Thakker J. Surgical Correction of Hemifacial Microsomia: Simultaneous Orthognathic and Distraction Osteogenesis Treatment. A Case Report on How This Hybrid Technique Can Correct Severe Facial Asymmetries. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fernandes AVG, Tandon R, Thakker J, Herford A. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Applications to Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery: A Potentially Innovative Method of Assessing Soft and Hard Tissues. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.06.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kansal S, Tandon R, Verma A, Misra P, Choudhary AK, Verma R, Verma PRP, Dube A, Mishra PR. Coating doxorubicin-loaded nanocapsules with alginate enhances therapeutic efficacy against Leishmania in hamsters by inducing Th1-type immune responses. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:4038-50. [PMID: 24837879 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory and chemotherapeutic potential of alginate-(SA) coated nanocapsule (NCs) loaded with doxorubicin (SA-NCs-DOX) against visceral leishmaniasis in comparison with nano-emulsions containing doxorubicin (NE-DOX). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH NE-DOX was prepared using low-energy emulsification methods. Stepwise addition of protamine sulphate and SA in a layer-by-layer manner was used to form SA-NCs-DOX. SA-NCs-DOX, NE-DOX and Free DOX were compared for their cytotoxicity against Leishmania donovani-infected macrophages in vitro and generation of T-cell responses in infected hamsters in vivo. KEY RESULTS Size and ζ potential of the NE-DOX and SA-NCs-DOX formulations were 310 ± 2.1 nm and (-)32.6 ± 2.1 mV, 342 ± 4.1 nm and (-)29.3 ± 1.2 mV respectively. SA-NCs-DOX was better (1.5 times) taken up by J774A.1 macrophages compared with NE-DOX. SA-NCs -DOX showed greater efficacy than NE-DOX against intramacrophagic amastigotes. SA-NCs-DOX treatment exhibited enhanced apoptotic efficiency than NE-DOX and free DOX as evident by cell cycle analysis, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and NO production. T-cell responses, when assessed through lymphoproliferative responses, NO production along with enhanced levels of iNOS, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-12 were found to be up-regulated after SA-NCs-DOX, compared with responses to NE-DOX in vivo. Parasitic burden was decreased in Leishmania-infected hamsters treated with SA-NCs-DOX, compared with NE-DOX. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results provide insights into the development of an alternative approach to improved management of leishmaniasis through a combination of chemotherapy with stimulation of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kansal
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1 sector-10 Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, India
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Tandon R, Loebel A, Phillips D, Pikalov A, Hernandez D, Mao Y, Cucchiaro J. EPA-1722 – A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized withdrawal study of lurasidone for the maintenance of efficacy in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Tandon R, Herford A. Evaluation of Oral Soft Tissues in a Rat Model Using a Custom-Built Shear Modulus Instrument: An Unique Method. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Allen C, Elo J, Herford A, Tandon R. Hemimaxillectomy for Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma With Immediate Temporalis Flap Reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Breig N, Dean J, Tandon R, Herford A. Use of a Double-Opposing Advancement Flap for Closure of a Basosquamous Carcinoma on the Forehead: A Technique Designed to Optimize the Esthetic Outcome in a Young Patient. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Griffitts T, Tandon R, Herford A, Dean J. Computer Assisted Surgical Simulation versus Model Surgery in Orthognathic Surgery: A Postoperative Comparison of Surgical Outcomes. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Leukotrienes (LTs) including cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and LTB4 are the most potent inflammatory lipid mediators and play a central role in the pathophysiology of asthma and other inflammatory diseases. These biological molecules mediate a plethora of contractile and inflammatory responses through specific interaction with distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The main objective of this review is to present an overview of the biological effects of CysLTs and their receptors, along with the current knowledge of mechanisms and role of LTs in the pathogenesis of asthma. RESULTS CysLTs including LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 are ligands for CysLT1 and CysLT2 receptors, and LTB4 is the agonist for BLT1 and BLT2 receptors. The role of CysLT1 receptor is well established, and most of the pathophysiological effects of CysLTs in asthma are mediated by CysLT1 receptor. Several CysLT1 antagonists have been developed to date and are currently in clinical practice. Most common among them are classical CysLT1 receptor antagonists such as montelukast, zafirlukast, pranlukast, pobilukast, iralukast, cinalukast and MK571. The pharmacological role of CysLT2 receptor, however, is less defined and there is no specific antagonist available so far. The recent demonstration that mice lacking both known CysLT receptors exhibit full/augmented response to CysLT points to the existence of additional subtypes of CysLT receptors. LTB4, on the other hand, is another potent inflammatory leukotriene, which acts as a strong chemoattractant for neutrophils, but weaker for eosinophils. LTB4 is known to play an important role in the development of airway hyper-responsiveness in severe asthma. However there is no LTB4 antagonist available in clinic to date. CONCLUSION This review gives a recent update on the LTs including their biosynthesis, biological effects and the role of anti-LTs in the treatment of asthma. It also discusses about the possible existence of additional subtypes of CysLT receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Daiichi Sankyo Life Science Research Centre, Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon , Haryana , India
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Khanna S, Vij JC, Kumar A, Singal D, Tandon R. Dengue fever is a differential diagnosis in patients with fever and abdominal pain in an endemic area. Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 2013; 98:757-60. [PMID: 15509430 DOI: 10.1179/000349804x3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Khanna
- Pushpawati Singhania Research Institute for Liver, Renal and Digestive Disease, Press Enclave Marg, Sheikh Sarai, Phase-II, New Delhi - 110017, India.
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Tandon R, Senthil V, Nithya D, Pamidiboina V, Kumar A, Malik S, Chaira T, Diwan M, Gupta P, Venkataramanan R, Malik R, Das B, Dastidar SG, Cliffe I, Ray A, Bhatnagar PK. RBx10080307, a dual EGFR/IGF-1R inhibitor for anticancer therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 711:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sharma S, Tandon R, Mohanty S, Kashyap S, Vanathi M. Phenotypic evaluation of severely damaged ocular surface after reconstruction by cultured limbal epithelial cell transplantation. Ophthalmic Res 2013; 50:59-64. [PMID: 23751337 DOI: 10.1159/000346868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical outcome of autologous cultured limbal epithelial cell transplantation (CLECT) followed by deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in paediatric eyes and to correlate the clinical outcome with the phenotype of rejuvenated corneal epithelium. METHODS Four patients with total limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) underwent autologous CLECT. Cultivated cell sheets were transplanted onto the damaged ocular surface followed by DALK surgery. Excised corneal buttons were subjected to histopathological analysis. Data recorded included age, sex, laterality, nature of injury, follow-up period, severity of stem cell deficiency, visual acuity, Schirmer's test and impression cytology. RESULTS At a mean follow-up period of 19.5 ± 7.4 (range 9-26) months after CLECT, all 4 eyes showed epithelialized and clinically stabilized ocular surface. Manual DALK was performed in all 4 eyes, with a mean follow-up of 9.75 ± 4.5 (range 5-15) months. All eyes exhibited smooth and clear corneal epithelium with improved visual acuity. Excised corneal buttons demonstrated organized corneal epithelial morphology and showed expression of cornea-specific CK3/12 marker. CONCLUSION Restoration of severely damaged ocular surface following chemical injury by using 2-stage meticulous approaches offers a new modality for the treatment of severe LSCD. Transplantation of cultivated autologous limbal epithelial cell sheet followed by DALK surgery can efficiently restore the corneal phenotype with improved vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sharma
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kumar RK, Tandon R. Rheumatic fever & rheumatic heart disease: the last 50 years. Indian J Med Res 2013; 137:643-58. [PMID: 23703332 PMCID: PMC3724245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) continue to be a major health hazard in most developing countries as well as sporadically in developed economies. Despite reservations about the utility, echocardiographic and Doppler (E&D) studies have identified a massive burden of RHD suggesting the inadequacy of the Jones' criteria updated by the American Heart Association in 1992. Subclinical carditis has been recognized by E&D in patients with acute RF without clinical carditis as well as by follow up of RHD patients presenting as isolated chorea or those without clinical evidence of carditis. Over the years, the medical management of RF has not changed. Paediatric and juvenile mitral stenosis (MS), upto the age of 12 and 20 yr respectively, severe enough to require operative treatement was documented. These negate the belief that patients of RHD become symptomatic ≥20 years after RF as well as the fact that congestive cardiac failure in childhood indicates active carditis and RF. Non-surgical balloon mitral valvotomy for MS has been initiated. Mitral and/or aortic valve replacement during active RF in patients not responding to medical treatment has been found to be life saving as well as confirming that congestive heart failure in acute RF is due to an acute haemodynamic overload. Pathogenesis as well as susceptibility to RF continue to be elusive. Prevention of RF morbidity depends on secondary prophylaxis which cannot reduce the burden of diseases. Primary prophylaxis is not feasible in the absence of a suitable vaccine. Attempts to design an antistreptococcal vaccine utilizing the M-protein has not succeeded in the last 40 years. Besides pathogenesis many other questions remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Krishna Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Kochi, India
| | - R. Tandon
- Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science & Research, New Delhi, India,Reprint requests: Dr R. Tandon, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science & Research, B-16, Qutub Institutional Area, New Delhi 110 016, India e-mail:
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Zamre V, Goel A, Nandy M, Sharma G, Tandon R, Tuli S, Mithal U, Agarwal R. AOSP12 PROSPECTIVE AUDIT OF SINGLE CENTRE EXPERIENCE WITH VENOUS PORT PLACEMENT THROUGH THE SUBCLAVIAN ROUTE. Eur J Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(13)70026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Trivedi JK, Dhyani M, Goel D, Sharma S, Singh AP, Sinha PK, Tandon R. Neurocognitive dysfunction in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 11:204-9. [PMID: 19588044 DOI: 10.4314/ajpsy.v11i3.30270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although a dysfunctional prefrontal-striatal system is presupposed in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), this is not unequivocally supported by neuropsychological studies. This study aims to study the neurocognitive dysfunctions in OCD patients, compared to controls; to study the variations in neurocognitive deficits with the duration of illness, as well as, the severity of the disease. METHOD Thirty OCD patients were compared with thirty, age and education matched control subjects on computer based tests measuring executive functions, vigilance and spatial working memory. RESULTS OCD patients performed poorly on all the neuro-cognitive parameters as compared to controls. The severity of illness had a positive correlation with poorer performance on CPT. There were no significant correlations between duration of illness and any parameters of cognition. CONCLUSION The results suggest that OCD patients perform significantly worse on cognitive measures than controls. This is consistent with their poorer functional outcome. The results further indicate that on the basis of severity OCD patients are qualitatively distinguishable in neuropsychological terms, given their difference in the profiles of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Tandon R, Herford A. Poster 67: Using Raman Spectroscopy To Evaluate Bone Graft and Implant Osseointegration Non-Invasively: A Novel and Groundbreaking Technique. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chatelain K, Tandon R, Herford A. Poster 66: Immediate Distraction Osteogenesis: The Sandwich Osteotomy Technique Using RhBMP-2 For Anterior Maxillary and Mandibular Defects. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Falke R, Buxton A, Herford A, Lu M, Tandon R. Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on a Collagen Ceramic Sponge (CCS) for Mandibular Continuity Defects in Non-Human Primates. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tandon R, Agrawal K, Narayan RP, Tiwari VK, Prakash V, Kumar S, Sharma S. Firecracker injuries during Diwali festival: The epidemiology and impact of legislation in Delhi. Indian J Plast Surg 2012; 45:97-101. [PMID: 22754162 PMCID: PMC3385409 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0358.96595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING AND DESIGN A hospital-based retrospective study of firecracker-related injuries was carried out at a government sponsored hospital in Delhi. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1373 patients attended the emergency burn care out-patients clinic during 2002-2010 pre-Diwali, Diwali and post-Diwali days. Every year, a disaster management protocol is revoked during these 3 days under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. RESULTS There was an increase in the number of patients of firecracker-related injuries in Delhi national capital region from the year 2002 to 2010, based on the hospital statistics. During the study period, the hospital received approximately one patient with firecracker-related injury per 100,000 population of the city. 73.02% of the victims were 5-30 years old. Majority (90.87%) of them sustained <5% total body surface area burn. CONCLUSIONS In spite of legislations and court orders, the number of patients is on the rise. The implementation agencies have to analyse the situation to find a way to control this preventable manmade accident. Websites, emails, SMS, social sites, etc. should be used for public education, apart from conventional methods of public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tandon
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, VM Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Kansal S, Tandon R, Dwivedi P, Misra P, Verma PRP, Dube A, Mishra PR. Development of nanocapsules bearing doxorubicin for macrophage targeting through the phosphatidylserine ligand: a system for intervention in visceral leishmaniasis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2650-60. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Tandon R, Tandon A, Abrari A, Chandrashekhar M, Das P, Bansal B. Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma: a rare cause of unilateral proptosis. Case Reports 2011; 2011:bcr.05.2011.4195. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.05.2011.4195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Skidmore FM, Yang M, Baxter L, von Deneen K, Collingwood J, He G, Tandon R, Korenkevych D, Savenkov A, Heilman KM, Gold M, Liu Y. Apathy, depression, and motor symptoms have distinct and separable resting activity patterns in idiopathic Parkinson disease. Neuroimage 2011; 81:484-495. [PMID: 21782030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apathy and depression are heterogeneous syndromes with symptoms that overlap clinically. This clinical overlap leads to problems with classification and diagnosis in clinical populations. No functional imaging study has attempted to separate brain regions altered in apathy from those altered in depression in a clinical population. Parkinson disease (PD) is a disorder in which apathy and depression co-exist in a single population. We evaluate the relationship between apathy, depression, and motor severity of disease in PD, focusing on the relationship between these factors and the amplitude of the low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the resting state. We first evaluated if the resting ALFF signal is a reliable measure for our clinical question. For this, we develop and introduce a cross validation approach we term the "Regional Mapping of Reliable Differences" (RMRD) method to evaluate reliability of regions of interest deemed "significant" by standard voxel-wise techniques. Using this approach, we show that the apathy score in this sample is best predicted by ALFF signal in the left supplementary motor cortex, the right orbitofrontal cortex, and the right middle frontal cortex, whereas depression score is best predicted by ALFF signal in the right subgenual cingulate. Disease severity was best predicted by ALFF signal in the right putamen. A number of additional regions are also statistically (but not reliably) correlated with our neuropsychological measures and disease severity. Our results support the use of resting fMRI as a means to evaluate neuropsychiatric states and motor disease progression in Parkinson disease, and the clinical and epidemiologic observation that apathy and depression are distinct pathological entities. Our finding that "significance" and "reliability" are dissociated properties of regions of interest identified as significant using standard voxel-wise techniques suggests that including reliability analyses may add useful scientific information in neurobehavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Skidmore
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - M Yang
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - L Baxter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K von Deneen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Collingwood
- Department of Engineering, Warwick University, Warwick, UK
| | - G He
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R Tandon
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D Korenkevych
- Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A Savenkov
- Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K M Heilman
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - M Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Tandon R, Kapoor S, Vali S, Senthil V, Nithya D, Venkataramanan R, Sharma A, Talwadkar A, Ray A, Bhatnagar PK, Dastidar SG. Dual epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor: a novel approach for overcoming resistance in anticancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:56-65. [PMID: 21640718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) have been found to show a good initial response in cancer patients but during the course of treatment, patients develop resistance after a few weeks of time. Development of secondary mutations or over-activation of insulin like growth factor (IGF-1R) pathway are a few of the several mechanisms proposed to explain the resistance. To study the effect of dual inhibition of EGFR and IGF-1R in overcoming the resistance, three strategies were envisaged and are reported in this manuscript: 1) a virtual predictive tumor model, 2) in vitro experimental data using a combination of EGFR and IGF-1R inhibitors and 3) in vitro experimental data using in house dual inhibitors. Findings reported in this manuscript suggest that simultaneous inhibition of IGF-1R and EGFR either by combination of two inhibitors or by dual kinase inhibitors is more efficacious compared to single agents. In vitro cell based experiments conducted using epidermoid cancer cell line, A431 and an EGFR mutant cell line, H1975 along with virtual predictions reported here suggests that dual inhibition of EGFR and IGF-1R is a viable approach to overcome EGFR resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Tandon
- Department of Pharmacology, New Drug Discovery Research, Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, Plot No. 20, Sector-18, Gurgaon-122 001, Haryana, India.
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Tiwari P, Saini S, Upmanyu S, Benjamin B, Tandon R, Saini KS, Sahdev S. Enhanced expression of recombinant proteins utilizing a modified baculovirus expression vector. Mol Biotechnol 2010; 46:80-9. [PMID: 20424933 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-010-9284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) has been widely used for over-expressing eukaryotic proteins due to a close resemblance in post-translational modification, processing, and transportation properties of the expressed protein, to that of the mammalian cells. In comparison to the bacterial expression system, protein yield from BEVS is relatively low, resulting in higher cost of production. To improve the existing recombinant protein expression levels, baculovirus homologous region1 (hr1) was strategically integrated into the bacmid-based transfer vectors. Luciferase reporter, human Protein Kinase B-alpha (PKB-A), and N-terminal-modified CYP-1A2 genes were independently cloned in non-hr1 and hr1 constructs for generating respective bacmids and baculoviruses. These recombinant baculoviruses were utilized for comparing the expression levels at varying multiplicity of infections (MOI) and time intervals in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf21) or Trichoplusia ni (Tni) insect cell lines. Targeted insertion of hr1 upstream to CYP-1A2, PKB-A, and Luciferase genes, compared to the non-hr1 sets, led to 3-, 3.5-, and 4.5-fold increase in the resultant protein levels, respectively. Moreover, at equal protein concentration, the corresponding activity and inhibition characteristics of these high expression hr1 sets were comparable to that of the respective non-hr1 sets. Utilization of this modified baculovirus expression construct offers significant advantage of producing recombinant proteins in a cost-effective manner for various biotechnological and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Technology, New Drug Discovery Research, Ranbaxy Research Laboratories-R&D-3, 20-Sector 18 Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon, India.
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Gupta N, Kalaivani M, Tandon R. Comparison of prognostic value of Roper Hall and Dua classification systems in acute ocular burns. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 95:194-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.173724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tandon R, Gupta N, Kalaivani M, Sharma N, Titiyal JS, Vajpayee RB. Amniotic membrane transplantation as an adjunct to medical therapy in acute ocular burns. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 95:199-204. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2009.173716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mishra V, Awasthi S, Nag V, Tandon R. Genomic diversity of group A rotavirus strains in patients aged 1–36 months admitted for acute watery diarrhoea in northern India: a hospital-based study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16:45-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lakshmi BS, Sujatha S, Anand S, Sangeetha KN, Narayanan RB, Katiyar C, Kanaujia A, Duggar R, Singh Y, Srinivas K, Bansal V, Sarin S, Tandon R, Sharma S, Singh S. Cinnamic acid, from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, regulates glucose transport via activation of GLUT4 on L6 myotubes in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-independent manner. J Diabetes 2009; 1:99-106. [PMID: 20929506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2009.00022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cinnamomum cassia (Family: Lauraceae) is an Ayurvedic medicinal plant used traditionally for the treatment of a number of diseases, including diabetes. The hypoglycemic effect of this plant has been established in vivo. However, the effects of cinnamic acid, isolated from C. cassia, on the insulin signaling cascade in an in vitro model have not been elucidated. Hence, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of cinnamic acid on glucose transport by L6 myotubes. METHODS The mechanism of action of cinnamic acid was determined using specific targets in the insulin signaling pathway, including protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the glucose transporter GLUT4. After differentiation of myoblast to myotubes, the cells were serum deprived for 5 h and then treated with 1 ng/mL cinnamic acid and 50 μmol/L rosiglitazone for 18 h and 100 nmol/L insulin for 20 min for gene expression studies. RESULTS Expression of GLUT4 mRNA was increased following treatment of L6 myotubes with 1 ng/mL cinnamic acid. Furthermore, cinnamic acid inhibited PTP1B activity (by 96.5%), but had no significant effect on PI3-K activity. CONCLUSION On the basis of the results of the present study, we postulate that cinnamic acid isolated from the hydro-alcoholic extract of Cinnamomum cassia activates glucose transport by a PI3-K-independent pathway. However, the detailed mechanism of action requires further analysis.
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