1
|
Osterkamp J, Strandby R, Nerup N, Svendsen MB, Svendsen LB, Achiam M. Intraoperative near-infrared lymphography with indocyanine green may aid lymph node dissection during robot-assisted resection of gastroesophageal junction cancer. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:1985-1993. [PMID: 36271062 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate lymphadenectomy during gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer resection is essential, because lymph node (LN) metastasis correlates with increased recurrence risk. Fluorescence lymphography with indocyanine green (ICG) has been used for LN mapping in several surgical specialties; however, reports on GEJ cancer are lacking. Therefore, we investigated whether intraoperative ICG lymphography could facilitate LN harvest during robot-assisted resection of GEJ cancer. METHODS Patients scheduled for robot-assisted resection of GEJ cancer were included, and outcomes were compared with historical controls. After intraoperative endoscopic submucosal ICG injection, standard D1 + LN dissection was performed under white light. Then, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging was activated, and each LN dissection area was re-examined. Any tissue within the D1 + field exhibiting distinctly increased ICG fluorescence compared with background tissue was dissected and sent for pathology review. RESULTS We included 70 patients between June 2020 and October 2021. Three cases were aborted due to disseminated disease, and two were converted to open resection and excluded from the analysis. Additional tissue was dissected after NIR review in 34 of 65 (52%) patients. We dissected 43 fluorescent tissue samples, and after pathology review, 30 were confirmed LNs; none were metastatic. The median number of LNs harvested per patient (34, interquartile range [IQR] = 26-44) was not significantly different from that harvested from historical controls (32, IQR = 24-45; p = 0.92), nor were there any differences between these two groups in the duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, or comprehensive complication scores (p = 0.12, p = 0.46, and p = 0.41, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative NIR lymphography with ICG may aid LN detection during robot-assisted resection of GEJ cancer without increasing surgical risk. Although NIR lymphography may facilitate LN dissection, none of the LN removed after the NIR review was metastatic. Hence, it remains uncertain whether NIR lymphography will improve oncological outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Osterkamp
- OesophagoGastric Cancer Surgery Group (OGCS), Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Rune Strandby
- OesophagoGastric Cancer Surgery Group (OGCS), Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Nerup
- OesophagoGastric Cancer Surgery Group (OGCS), Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Morten-Bo Svendsen
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (CAMES) - CAMES Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars-Bo Svendsen
- OesophagoGastric Cancer Surgery Group (OGCS), Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Michael Achiam
- OesophagoGastric Cancer Surgery Group (OGCS), Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Osterkamp J, Strandby R, Nerup N, Svendsen M, Svendsen L, Achiam M. Quantitative fluorescence angiography detects dynamic changes in gastric perfusion. Surg Endosc 2020; 35:6786-6795. [PMID: 33258036 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-020-08183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) is an applied method to assess visceral perfusion during surgical procedures worldwide. Further development has entailed quantification of the fluorescence signal; however, whether quantified ICG-FA can detect intraoperative changes in perfusion after hemorrhage has not been investigated previously. In this study, we investigated whether a quantification method, developed and validated in our department (q-ICG), could detect changes in gastric perfusion induced by hemorrhage and resuscitation. METHODS Ten pigs were included in the study. Specific regions of interest of the stomach were chosen, and three q-ICG measurements of gastric perfusion obtained: 20 min after completion of the laparoscopic setup (baseline), after reducing the circulating blood volume by 30%, and after reinfusion of the withdrawn blood volume. Hemodynamic variables were recorded, and blood samples were collected every 10 min during the procedure. RESULTS The reduction in blood volume generated decreased gastric perfusion (q-ICG) from baseline (p = 0.023), and gastric perfusion subsequently increased (p < 0.001) after the reintroduction of the withdrawn blood volume. Cardiac output (CO) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) shifted correspondingly and the gastric perfusion correlated to CO (r = 0.575, p = 0.001) and MAP (r = 0.436, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION We present a novel study showing that the q-ICG method can detect dynamic changes in local tissue perfusion induced by hemorrhage and resuscitation. As regional gastrointestinal perfusion may be significantly reduced, while hemodynamic variables such as MAP or heart rate remain stable, q-ICG may provide an objective, non-invasive method for detecting regional early ischemia, strengthening surgical decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Osterkamp
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rune Strandby
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Nerup
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Svendsen
- Copenhagen Academy of Medical Education and Simulation, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Svendsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Achiam
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Inge Lehmanns Vej 7, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Knudsen KBK, Thorup J, Thymann T, Strandby R, Nerup N, Achiam MP, Lauritsen T, Svendsen LB, Buelund L, Sangild PT, Ifaoui IBR. Laparoscopy to Assist Surgical Decisions Related to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2019; 30:64-69. [PMID: 31874058 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2018.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the Study: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease that mainly affects preterm infants. Despite advancements in neonatal care, mortality of NEC remains high and controversies exist regarding the most appropriate time for surgical intervention and challenging of diagnosing NEC. Using a pig model of NEC, we aimed to examine if laparoscopy is feasible for diagnosis of NEC. Methods: Preterm caesarean-delivered piglets (n = 42) were fed with increasing amounts of infant formula up to 5 days to induce NEC. On days 3-5, we examined the intestine by laparoscopy under general anesthesia. The bowel was examined by tilting the pigs from supine position to the left and right side. Macroscopic NEC lesions were identified and graded according to a macroscopic scoring system, then a laparotomy was performed to rule out any organ injury and missed NEC lesions. Results: Visible NEC lesions (scores 4-6) were found in 26% (11/42) of the piglets. A positive predictive value of 100% was found for laparoscopy as a diagnostic marker of NEC in both colon and the small intestine. One piglet had a higher NEC score in the small intestine found at laparotomy, than at laparoscopy, resulting in a sensitivity of 67%, and a specificity of 100% for the small intestine. Conversely, both the sensitivity and specificity for colon was 100%. Acceptable levels of agreement was found, with minimal proportional bias in both colon and the small intestine for laparoscopy and laparotomy. Ultrasound examination had a lower sensitivity of 67% and specificity of 63%. All piglets were respiratory and circulatory stable during the procedure. Conclusions: In preterm piglets, laparoscopy is a feasible tool to diagnose NEC with a high positive predictive value and a high specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Bach Korsholm Knudsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section for Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, IVH, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorgen Thorup
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Thymann
- Section for Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, IVH, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Strandby
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Nerup
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Patrick Achiam
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torsten Lauritsen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Juliane Marie Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Svendsen
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Buelund
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Torp Sangild
- Section for Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, IVH, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Botker Rasmussen Ifaoui
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|