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Kunkel D, Mamode L, Burnett M, Pickering R, Bader D, Donovan-Hall M, Cole M, Ashburn A, Bowen C. Footwear characteristics and foot problems in community dwelling people with stroke: a cross-sectional observational study. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:2630-2637. [PMID: 35968548 PMCID: PMC9612931 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore footwear characteristics and foot problems in community dwelling people with stroke as most research to date focused on the general elderly population. METHODS Thirty people with mild to moderate stroke (nine men, mean age 68, mean time since onset 67 months) attended a single session to assess footwear and foot problems using established podiatry foot (wear) and ankle assessments. RESULTS Most participants wore slippers indoors (n = 17, 57%) and walking shoes outdoors (n = 11, 37%). Over half wore unsupportive ill-fitting shoes indoors and 47% of outdoor shoes fitted badly. All participants had foot problems (mean 6.5 (3.1), 95% CI: 5.4-7.7), including impaired single limb heel raise (93%), reduced range of movement (77%), sensation (47%), and muscle strength (43%). Many had foot-pain, hallux valgus (both 50%), or swollen feet (40%). Foot problems were associated with reduced balance confidence, activity, and community participation (all p < 0.05). A greater proportion of fallers (13/16) than non-fallers (4/14) reported foot problems (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Many community-dwelling people with stroke wore poorly fitting shoes; all had foot problems. Foot problems were linked to reduced mobility. Finding more effective pathways to support people with stroke to select supportive, well-fitting indoor and outdoor footwear is indicated.Implications for rehabilitationPeople with stroke often wear unsupportive ill-fitting shoes and experience foot problems.Assessment of foot problems and footwear advice should be considered during stroke rehabilitation particularly when interventions target fall prevention or improvements in balance and mobility.Information on appropriate footwear and signposting that new shoe purchases should include measuring feet to ensure a good fit is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Kunkel
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Louis Mamode
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Malcolm Burnett
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dan Bader
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mark Cole
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ann Ashburn
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine Bowen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Ashburn A, Pickering R, McIntosh E, Hulbert S, Rochester L, Roberts HC, Nieuwboer A, Kunkel D, Goodwin VA, Lamb SE, Ballinger C, Seymour KC. Exercise- and strategy-based physiotherapy-delivered intervention for preventing repeat falls in people with Parkinson's: the PDSAFE RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 23:1-150. [PMID: 31339100 DOI: 10.3310/hta23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Parkinson's disease are twice as likely to experience a fall as a healthy older person, often leading to debilitating effects on confidence, activity levels and quality of life. OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of a physiotherapy programme for fall prevention among people with Parkinson's disease. DESIGN A multicentre, pragmatic, investigator-masked, individually randomised controlled trial (RCT) with prespecified subgroup analyses. SETTING Recruitment from NHS hospitals and clinics and community and social services in eight English regions with home-based interventions. PARTICIPANTS A total of 474 people with Parkinson's disease (i.e. Hoehn and Yahr scale stages 1-4) were recruited: 238 were assigned to a physiotherapy programme and 236 were assigned to usual care. Random allocation was 50 : 50. INTERVENTIONS All participants received routine care; the usual-care group received an information digital versatile disc (DVD) and a single advice session at trial completion. The intervention group had an individually tailored, progressive, home-based fall avoidance strategy training programme with balance and strengthening exercises: PDSAFE. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the risk of repeat falling, collected by self-report monthly diaries between 0 and 6 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes included near-falls, falls efficacy, freezing of gait (FoG), health-related quality of life, and measurements taken using the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest), the Chair Stand Test (CST), the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire. RESULTS PDSAFE is the largest RCT of falls management among people with Parkinson's disease: 541 patients were screened for eligibility. The average age was 72 years, and 266 out of 474 (56%) participants were men. Of the 474 randomised participants, 238 were randomised to the intervention group and 236 were randomised to the control group. No difference in repeat falling within 6 months of randomisation was found [PDSAFE group to control group odds ratio (OR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74 to 1.98; p = 0.447]. An analysis of secondary outcomes demonstrated better balance (Mini-BESTest: mean difference 0.95, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.67; p = 0.009), functional strength (CST: p = 0.041) and falls efficacy (Falls Efficacy Scale - International: mean difference 1.6, 95% CI -3.0 to -0.19; p = 0.026) with near-falling significantly reduced with PDSAFE (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.86; p = 0.001) at 6 months. Prespecified subgroup analysis (i.e. disease severity and FoG) revealed a PDSAFE differing effect; the intervention may be of benefit for people with moderate disease but may increase falling for those in the more severe category, especially those with FoG. LIMITATIONS All participants were assessed at primary outcome; only 73% were assessed at 12 months owing to restricted funding. CONCLUSIONS PDSAFE was not effective in reducing repeat falling across the range of people with Parkinson's disease in the trial. Secondary analysis demonstrated that other functional tasks and self-efficacy improved and demonstrated differential patterns of intervention impact in accordance with disease severity and FoG, which supports previous secondary research findings and merits further primary evaluation. FUTURE WORK Further trials of falls prevention on targeted groups of people with Parkinson's disease are recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN48152791. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 36. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Sarah E Lamb is funded by the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) at Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and CLAHRC Oxford. Victoria A Goodwin is supported by the NIHR Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care in the South West Peninsula (PenCLAHRC). Lynn Rochester is supported by the NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre based at Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University. The research was also supported by the NIHR Newcastle Clinical Research Facility Infrastructure funding. Helen C Roberts is supported by CLAHRC Wessex and the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ashburn
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Emma McIntosh
- Health Economics and Health Technology Assessment, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sophia Hulbert
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Helen C Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dorit Kunkel
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Lamb
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Ballinger
- Wessex Public Involvement Network (PIN), University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Treleaven J, Tan A, Da Cal J, Grellman A, Pickering R. Can a simple clinical test demonstrate head-trunk coordination impairment in neck pain? Musculoskelet Sci Pract 2020; 49:102209. [PMID: 32861364 DOI: 10.1016/j.msksp.2020.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensorimotor impairment in neck pain sufferers is well established. Recent research has identified impairment in head and trunk co-ordination in this population. Presently, no clinically appropriate testing exists to quantify such impairment. OBJECTIVE To determine if a simple and clinically relevant test of head-trunk co-ordination can identify dysfunction in neck pain subjects when compared to healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. METHODS Thirty-one neck pain and 29 healthy control subjects were assessed using head- and chest-mounted lasers with a target positioned 90 cm away. Subjects were required to rotate the trunk at least 45° with the head laser to be kept as accurately as possible in the centre of the target while sitting and standing. Maximal deviation of the head to the left and right of the target's centre with each trunk movement was measured. RESULTS The neck pain group demonstrated significantly greater head deviation from the centre in all but one test direction (p= <0.03). Head deviation to the same side as trunk rotation was larger in the neck pain group for both sitting and standing (p= <0.01). No significant differences existed between testing in sitting and standing. CONCLUSION Differences in trunk-head control exist in persons suffering from neck pain compared to healthy individuals, which can be demonstrated using simple equipment suggesting clinical utility of the measure. Performing the task in standing would seem most suitable as it can avoid influence by reduced thoracic mobility. Further research is required to establish the clinical suitability of this test.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Treleaven
- Neck Pain and Whiplash Research Unit, SHRS, University of QLD, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - A Tan
- Neck Pain and Whiplash Research Unit, SHRS, University of QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Da Cal
- Neck Pain and Whiplash Research Unit, SHRS, University of QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Grellman
- Neck Pain and Whiplash Research Unit, SHRS, University of QLD, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R Pickering
- Neck Pain and Whiplash Research Unit, SHRS, University of QLD, Brisbane, Australia
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Rowsell A, Ashburn A, Fitton C, Goodwin VA, Hulbert S, Lamb SE, McIntosh E, Nieuwboer A, Pickering R, Rochester L, Chivers-Seymour K, Ballinger C. Participant expectations and experiences of a tailored physiotherapy intervention for people with Parkinson's and a history of falls. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:727-735. [PMID: 32573284 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1779824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: People with Parkinson's are twice as likely to fall as older people within the general population. This longitudinal qualitative study was part of a larger programme of research including a randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a tailored physiotherapy intervention. Specific qualitative aims focused on a subsample of trial participants in the intervention arm of the trial, and comprised the following:To explore the expectations of participants about the intervention.To investigate participants' experiences of the intervention, and its perceived impacts.To understand the facilitators and barriers to engagement.Methods: Two semi-structured interviews were completed with a theoretical sample of people with Parkinson's from the intervention arm, initially after randomisation but before the intervention commenced, and then again six months later.Results: Forty-two participants out of a large clinical trial were interviewed initially, with 37 agreeing to a second interview at six months. Prior experience of rehabilitation plus information accessed through the trial consent procedure informed participants' realistic expectations. Most found the level of the intervention acceptable, and perceived a range of benefits. However, views about equipment provided were more equivocal. The biggest barriers to participation were time and motivation, whilst social support facilitated engagement with the intervention.Conclusions: This study is the first to capture expectations about participation in a programme of exercises and strategies. It highlights that previous challenges to engagement in physical exercises and activities are not a barrier to future participation and provides new insights into the role of equipment and technology in programmes of physical activity for people with Parkinson's. The challenge of ensuring that programmes of exercise and strategies become an embedded feature of everyday life is highlighted, particularly alongside busy social engagements and leisure pursuits.Implications for rehabilitationFor people with Parkinsons, a programme of exercises and strategies has the potential to reduce the risk of falls amongst those with a history of falling.Adherence to such programmes can prove challenging for a variety of reasons, even when participants have realistic expectations about the commitment and effort needed.Clear explanations about the role of equipment and technology within such programmes could enhance adherence.In order to further individualise programmes of exercise for people with Parkinsons, choice regarding social support, reminders and integration into everyday activities should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Rowsell
- Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ann Ashburn
- Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Carolyn Fitton
- Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah E Lamb
- Institute for Health Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Emma McIntosh
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Claire Ballinger
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Chivers Seymour K, Pickering R, Rochester L, Roberts HC, Ballinger C, Hulbert S, Kunkel D, Marian IR, Fitton C, McIntosh E, Goodwin VA, Nieuwboer A, Lamb SE, Ashburn A. Multicentre, randomised controlled trial of PDSAFE, a physiotherapist-delivered fall prevention programme for people with Parkinson's. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:774-782. [PMID: 30944149 PMCID: PMC6585265 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of a physiotherapist-delivered fall prevention programme for people with Parkinson's (PwP). METHODS People at risk of falls with confirmed Parkinson's were recruited to this multicentre, pragmatic, investigator blind, individually randomised controlled trial with prespecified subgroup analyses. 474 PwP (Hoehn and Yahr 1-4) were randomised: 238 allocated to a physiotherapy programme and 236 to control. All participants had routine care; the control group received a DVD about Parkinson's and single advice session at trial completion. The intervention group (PDSAFE) had an individually tailored, progressive home-based fall avoidance strategy training programme with balance and strengthening exercises. The primary outcome was risk of repeat falling, collected by self-report monthly diaries, 0-6 months after randomisation. Secondary outcomes included Mini-BESTest for balance, chair stand test, falls efficacy, freezing of gait, health-related quality of life (EuroQol EQ-5D), Geriatric Depression Scale, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, fractures and rate of near falling. RESULTS Average age is 72 years and 266 (56%) were men. By 6 months, 116 (55%) of the control group and 125 (61.5%) of the intervention group reported repeat falls (controlled OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.98, p=0.447). Secondary subgroup analyses suggested a different response to the intervention between moderate and severe disease severity groups. Balance, falls efficacy and chair stand time improved with near falls reduced in the intervention arm. CONCLUSION PDSAFE did not reduce falling in this pragmatic trial of PwP. Other functional tasks improved and reduced fall rates were apparent among those with moderate disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN48152791.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lynn Rochester
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen C Roberts
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Sophia Hulbert
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dorit Kunkel
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ioana R Marian
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Carolyn Fitton
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Alice Nieuwboer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah E Lamb
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann Ashburn
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Frankland J, Brodie H, Cooke D, Foster C, Foster R, Gage H, Jordan J, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Pickering R, Richardson A. Follow-up care after treatment for prostate cancer: evaluation of a supported self-management and remote surveillance programme. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:368. [PMID: 31014282 PMCID: PMC6480799 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative models of cancer follow-up care are needed to ameliorate pressure on services and better meet survivors' long-term needs. This paper reports an evaluation of a service improvement initiative for the follow-up care of prostate cancer patients based on remote monitoring and supported self-management. METHODS This multi-centred, historically controlled study compared patient reported outcomes of men experiencing the new Programme with men experiencing a traditional clinic appointment model of follow-up care, who were recruited in the period immediately prior to the introduction of the Programme. Data were collected by self-completed questionnaires, with follow up measurement at four and eight months post-baseline. The primary outcome was men's unmet survivorship needs, measured by the Cancer Survivors' Unmet Needs Survey. Secondary outcomes included cancer specific quality of life, psychological wellbeing and satisfaction with care. The analysis was intention to treat. Regression analyses were conducted for outcomes at each time point separately, controlling for pre-defined clinical and demographic variables. All outcome analyses are presented in the paper. Costs were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Six hundred and twenty-seven men (61%) were consented to take part in the study (293 in the Programme and 334 in the comparator group.) Regarding the primary measure of unmet survivorship needs, 25 of 26 comparisons favoured the Programme, of which 4 were statistically significant. For the secondary measures of activation for self-management, quality of life, psychological well-being and lifestyle, 20 of 32 comparisons favoured the Programme and 3 were statistically significant. There were 22 items on the satisfaction with care questionnaire and 13 were statistically significant. Per participant costs (British pounds, 2015) in the 8 month follow up period were slightly lower in the programme than in the comparator group (£289 versus £327). The Programme was acceptable to patients. CONCLUSION The Programme is shown to be broadly comparable to traditional follow-up care in all respects, adding to evidence of the viability of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Frankland
- University of Southampton, School of Health Sciences, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Hazel Brodie
- University of Southampton, School of Health Sciences, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Deborah Cooke
- University of Surrey, School of Health Sciences, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Claire Foster
- University of Southampton, School of Health Sciences, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rebecca Foster
- University of Southampton, School of Health Sciences, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Heather Gage
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey Health Economics Centre, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jake Jordan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey Health Economics Centre, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Ines Mesa-Eguiagaray
- University of Edinburgh, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Nine Edinburgh BioQuarter, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Alison Richardson
- University of Southampton, School of Health Sciences and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Donovan-Hall M, Robison J, Cole M, Ashburn A, Bowen C, Burnett M, Mamode L, Pickering R, Bader D, Kunkel D. The trouble with footwear following stroke: a qualitative study of the views and experience of people with stroke. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:1107-1114. [PMID: 30621463 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1516816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Foot problems and suboptimal footwear are risk factors for falls among the elderly. Footwear choice may, therefore, be important for people with balance impairment following stroke, but little is known about their experience. This study explored foot problems experienced following stroke, factors influencing footwear choices and views of footwear in use.Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 15 people with stroke, purposively sampled from respondents to a screening survey.Results: Participants typically experienced impaired mobility with balance problems and felt at risk of falling. Stroke related foot problems, including altered sensation, edema, and foot drop, predominantly on the stroke affected side, influenced footwear priorities. Footwear choices prioritized comfort, security, and convenience, sometimes in tension with concern about appearance. Challenges included choosing appropriate indoor footwear and finding shoes to accommodate their orthoses and edema. Participants highlighted perceived lack of footwear advice from health care professionals and variable experience of shoe shopping.Conclusions: Foot problems, as well as gait and balance impairment, have implications for footwear priorities following stroke, but people felt unsupported in making healthy footwear choices. Health care professionals could be trained to routinely deliver footwear assessment and advice and facilitate referrals to podiatrist, when appropriate.Implications for rehabilitationFoot problems, as well as gait and balance impairment, have implications for footwear priorities following stroke.People with stroke perceive a lack of professional advice about footwear and feel unsupported making healthy footwear choices.Health care professionals could be trained to routinely deliver an initial footwear assessment and advice as part of stroke rehabilitation.A greater transparency and knowledge of referral pathways into podiatry services for Health care professionals and patients would give access to specialist advice where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Donovan-Hall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Judy Robison
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Cole
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Ann Ashburn
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine Bowen
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Malcolm Burnett
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Louis Mamode
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Dan Bader
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Dorit Kunkel
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
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8
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Frankland J, Brodie H, Cooke D, Foster C, Foster R, Gage H, Jordan J, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Pickering R, Richardson A. Follow-up care after treatment for prostate cancer: protocol for an evaluation of a nurse-led supported self-management and remote surveillance programme. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:656. [PMID: 28927389 PMCID: PMC5606080 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As more men survive a diagnosis of prostate cancer, alternative models of follow-up care that address men's enduring unmet needs and are economical to deliver are needed. This paper describes the protocol for an ongoing evaluation of a nurse-led supported self-management and remote surveillance programme implemented within the secondary care setting. METHODS/DESIGN The evaluation is taking place within a real clinical setting, comparing the outcomes of men enrolled in the Programme with the outcomes of a pre-service change cohort of men, using a repeated measures design. Men are followed up at four and 8 months post recruitment on a number of outcomes, including quality of life, unmet need, psychological wellbeing and activation for self-management. An embedded health economic analysis and qualitative evaluation of implementation processes are being undertaken. DISCUSSION The evaluation will provide important information regarding the effectiveness, cost effectiveness and implementation of an integrated supported self-management follow-up care pathway within secondary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Frankland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Hazel Brodie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Deborah Cooke
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Claire Foster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Rebecca Foster
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Heather Gage
- School of Economics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Jake Jordan
- School of Economics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Ines Mesa-Eguiagaray
- Usher Institute of Population Health, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Medical Statistics Group, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Alison Richardson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Clinical Academic Facility, South Academic Block, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
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Gramatica R, Pickering R. Start-up story Yewno: an AI-driven path to a knowledge-based future. Insights the UKSG journal 2017. [DOI: 10.1629/uksg.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Kunkel D, Robison J, Fitton C, Hulbert S, Roberts L, Wiles R, Pickering R, Roberts H, Ashburn A. It takes two: the influence of dance partners on the perceived enjoyment and benefits during participation in partnered ballroom dance classes for people with Parkinson's. Disabil Rehabil 2017; 40:1933-1942. [PMID: 28482703 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2017.1323029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the views of people with Parkinson's and their dance partners on the influence and issues surrounding dancing with an able-bodied dance partner during partnered ball room dance classes. METHODS In depth, semi-structured interviews explored purposively selected participants' experiences and views about dance classes. Fourteen people with Parkinson's and their dance partners (six spouses, two friends/relatives, five volunteers) were interviewed within a month of completing the 10-week dance class program. Data were analyzed thematically. RESULTS Generally, those partnered with a spouse or an experienced dancer, or when dance couples were able to develop good rapport, gained greater enjoyment and sense of achievement from dance classes in comparison to couples who did not enjoy dancing together or had clashing approaches to dance. Managing and negotiating who would "lead" in a dance was challenging for dance couples particularly among male people with Parkinson's. CONCLUSIONS People with Parkinson's experience of the dance classes were influenced by the relationship and compatibility with their dance partner. Dance partnerships may impact on recruitment, enjoyment, outcome and continued participation in dance classes. Potential effects of partnerships should be analyzed and reported in studies evaluating the outcomes of dance classes. Implications for rehabilitation We recommend that health professionals consider involving spouses in Parkinson's dance classes as this may improve recruitment, adherence, enjoyment and overall outcome of the dance classes. If volunteers are needed, aim to recruit those who already have good dancing ability, convey a love of dancing and have the sensitivity and social skills to interact positively with the person with Parkinson's. Consider dance partnership issues when advertising and promoting dance classes. Address partnership issues through open communication and by changing partners if the dance partnership is not working well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Kunkel
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Judy Robison
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Carolyn Fitton
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Sophia Hulbert
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Lisa Roberts
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK.,b Therapy Services , University Hospital Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Rose Wiles
- c Faculty of Social Science , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- d Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Helen Roberts
- d Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Ann Ashburn
- a Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
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Bowen C, Ashburn A, Cole M, Donovan-Hall M, Burnett M, Robison J, Mamode L, Pickering R, Bader D, Kunkel D. A survey exploring self-reported indoor and outdoor footwear habits, foot problems and fall status in people with stroke and Parkinson's. J Foot Ankle Res 2016; 9:39. [PMID: 27688813 PMCID: PMC5034630 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-016-0170-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ill-fitting shoes have been implicated as a risk factor for falls but research to date has focused on people with arthritis, diabetes and the general older population; little is known about people with neurological conditions. This survey for people with stroke and Parkinson’s explored people’s choice of indoor and outdoor footwear, foot problems and fall history. Methods Following ethical approval, 1000 anonymous postal questionnaires were distributed to health professionals, leads of Parkinson’s UK groups and stroke clubs in the wider Southampton area, UK. These collaborators handed out survey packs to people with a confirmed diagnosis of stroke or Parkinson’s. Results Three hundred and sixty three completed surveys were returned (218 from people with Parkinson’s and 145 from people with stroke). Most respondents wore slippers indoors and walking shoes outdoors and considered comfort and fit the most important factors when buying footwear. Foot problems were reported by 43 % (95 % confidence intervals 36 to 52 %; stroke) and 53 % (95 % confidence interval 46 to 59 %; Parkinson’s) of respondents; over 50 % had never accessed foot care support. Fifty percent of all respondents reported falls. In comparison to non-fallers, a greater proportion of fallers reported foot problems (57 %), with greater proportions reporting problems impacting on balance and influencing choice of footwear (p < 0.01) in comparison to non-fallers in each case. Forty-seven percent of fallers with foot problems had not accessed foot care support. Conclusions Many people with stroke and Parkinson’s wear slippers indoors. A high percentage of these individuals reported both foot problems and falls impacting on footwear habits and choice of footwear; however many did not receive foot care support. These findings highlight that further exploration of footwear and foot problems in these populations is warranted to provide evidence based advice on safe and appropriate footwear to support rehabilitation and fall prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13047-016-0170-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Bowen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ann Ashburn
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Cole
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Malcolm Burnett
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Judy Robison
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Louis Mamode
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dan Bader
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Dorit Kunkel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Barker HR, Griffiths P, Mesa-Eguiagaray I, Pickering R, Gould L, Bridges J. Quantity and quality of interaction between staff and older patients in UK hospital wards: A descriptive study. Int J Nurs Stud 2016; 62:100-7. [PMID: 27472441 PMCID: PMC5042289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The quality of staff-patient interactions underpins the overall quality of patient experience and can affect other important outcomes. However no studies have been identified that comprehensively explore both the quality and quantity of interactions in general hospital settings. Aims & objectives To quantify and characterise the quality of staff-patient interactions and to identify factors associated with negative interaction ratings. Setting Data were gathered at two acute English NHS hospitals between March and April 2015. Six wards for adult patients participated including medicine for older people (n = 4), urology (n = 1) and orthopaedics (n = 1). Methods Eligible patients on participating wards were randomly selected for observation. Staff-patient interactions were observed using the Quality of Interactions Schedule. 120 h of care were observed with each 2 h observation session determined from a balanced random schedule (Monday-Friday, 08:00-22:00 h). Multilevel logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with negative interactions. Results 1554 interactions involving 133 patients were observed. The median length of interaction was 36 s with a mean of 6 interactions per patient per hour. Seventy three percent of interactions were categorized as positive, 17% neutral and 10% negative. Forty percent of patients had at least one negative interaction (95% confidence interval 32% to 49%). Interactions initiated by the patient (adjusted Odds Ratio [OR] 5.30), one way communication (adjusted OR 10.70), involving two or more staff (adjusted OR 5.86 for 2 staff, 6.46 for 3+ staff), having a higher total number of interactions (adjusted OR 1.09 per unit increase), and specific types of interaction content were associated with increased odds of negative interaction (p < 0.05). In the full multivariable model there was no significant association with staff characteristics, skill mix or staffing levels. Patient agitation at the outset of interaction was associated with increased odds of negative interaction in a reduced model. There was no significant association with gender, age or cognitive impairment. There was substantially more variation at ward level (variance component 1.76) and observation session level (3.49) than at patient level (0.09). Conclusion These findings present a unique insight into the quality and quantity of staff-patient interactions in acute care. While a high proportion of interactions were positive, findings indicate that there is scope for improvement. Future research should focus on further exploring factors associated with negative interactions, such as workload and ward culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Griffiths
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Ruth Pickering
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Lisa Gould
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Jackie Bridges
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Teoh P, Basarab A, Pickering R, Ali A, Hayes M, Somani BK. Changing trends in antibiotic resistance for urinary E. coli infections over five years in a university hospital. Journal of Clinical Urology 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415813514578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective We wanted to look at the antibiotic resistance patterns in our university teaching hospital for E. coli cultured from urine to assess the resistance profiles to common antibiotics used in the hospital. Patients and methods Results were obtained of all positive urine cultures between January 2007 and December 2011 both from the hospital and urology department. Trends in susceptibility and resistance data for E. coli to trimethoprim, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and nitrofurantoin were examined. Results A total of 40,722 hospital urine specimens were culture positive in the five-year period, of which 15,311 (37.6%) grew E. coli. Across the hospital there was no evidence of change in resistance to trimethoprim over the five-year period (38.1% in 2007 compared to 36.6% in 2011; p = 0.313). The percentage resistance to amoxicillin rose slightly (52.6% to 54.4%), and this was statistically significant (p = 0.011). Overall there was a statistically significant fall in resistance to ciprofloxacin but resistance has remained stable for the last three years (15.5% to 13.5%, p = 0.013). A trend of increasing resistance to gentamicin (p = 0.002) resulted from the 2007 baseline of 3.4% to 4.9% in 2008, but resistance remained stably low thereafter. Resistance to nitrofurantoin fell significantly (from 10.4% to 1.6%; p ≤ 0.0005). Conclusions The number of E. coli-positive urine cultures from hospital in-patients remained broadly stable over this five-year period. Resistance to trimethoprim and amoxicillin remains high. Gentamicin resistance remains low, but the statistically significant rise over the five-year period suggests resistance rates should continue to be carefully monitored. Nitrofurantoin resistance is very low and has significantly decreased. This narrow-spectrum antibiotic should be considered the mainstay for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections in females.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Basarab
- Department of Infection, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Medical Statistics Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, UK
| | - Matthew Hayes
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, UK
| | - Bhaskar K Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, UK
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Richardson A, Frankland J, Brodie H, Cooke D, Pickering R, Gage H, Foster R, Foster C. The True NTH Prostate Cancer Survivorship Care programme: Development and evaluation of a model for delivering follow-up care to men with prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
42 Background: Increasing use of prostate specific antigen (PSA), improvements in treatment and aging population have led to the escalating incidence of prostate cancer. 5 year survival rate is relatively high and men who have completed treatment require long-term follow-up to detect recurrence or progression of disease, monitor adverse effects of treatment and identify and address psychosocial needs. Studies demonstrate men have a range of unmet physical and psychosocial needs, and health services are struggling to cope with the growing numbers. Changes is critical for long-term sustainability of the health system in many developed nations Methods: This presentation presents a model of follow up care centered on remote surveillance of PSA combined with promoting patient self-management. This initiative is part of the True NTH programme of developments initiated in the UK with funding from Movember Foundation and Prostate Cancer UK. Traditional face to face clinic follow up consultations are replaced with: patient directed individually tailored care and surveillance programme which involves: a 4 hour preparatory patient workshop, remote assessment of unmet needs and symptoms and surveillance of PSA, patient information resources, survivorship care plan, communication of treatment summary and management plan to primary care, and rapid recall system for assessment in secondary care should the need arise. The care programme is mediated through clinician and patient access to an IT portal enabling communication. Results: The second part of the presentation will describe the evaluation protocol. A historical cohort design is comparing a group of men receiving clinic follow up care (N = 300) with men enrolled on the care programme (N = 300) in 3 centers. Patient-reported outcomes are collected at baseline, 4 months and 8 months. Health economic evaluation will compare costs of clinic based follow up with those of the care programme from both a health service and patient perspective. Conclusions: The evaluation will generate data on impact, acceptability and cost of this model of follow-up care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Richardson
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hazel Brodie
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Claire Foster
- University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Pighills A, Ballinger C, Pickering R, Chari S. A critical review of the effectiveness of environmental assessment and modification in the prevention of falls amongst community dwelling older people. Br J Occup Ther 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0308022615600181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The potential of environmental assessment and modification to reduce falls has recently received attention within the gerontology literature. Research investigating the clinical effectiveness of this intervention in falls prevention reports conflicting results. Discrepancies are due to variation in the risk profile of study participants and the health care background of the person providing the environmental intervention or the intensity of the intervention provided. Method The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast two systematic reviews, which include meta-analyses, of environmental interventions for falls prevention in community dwelling older people, using the critical appraisal skills programme tool for systematic reviews. Findings Both reviews found that: environmental assessment and modification was effective in falls prevention; intervention was effective with high but not low risk participants; and that high intensity environmental assessment was effective, whereas low intensity intervention was not. Environmental interventions which were delivered by occupational therapists were deemed high intensity, probably because their underpinning theoretical frameworks focus on the impact of the environment on function. Conclusion We discuss possible reasons why occupational therapist led environmental assessment and modification is clinically effective in falls prevention, for people at high risk of falls, whereas non occupational therapist led intervention is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Pighills
- Associate Professor for Health Practitioner Research, Mackay Hospital and Health Service, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Ballinger
- Principal Research Fellow and PPI Lead, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth Pickering
- Associate Professor for Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Satyan Chari
- Program Coordinator, Falls Prevention, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Health, Queensland, Australia
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Goodwin VA, Pickering R, Ballinger C, Roberts H, McIntosh E, Lamb S, Nieuwboer A, Rochester L, Ashburn A. A multi-centre, randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of PDSAFE to prevent falls among people with Parkinson's: study protocol. BMC Neurol 2015; 15:81. [PMID: 25971244 PMCID: PMC4431174 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-015-0332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Falls amongst people with Parkinson’s (PwP) result in significant disability and reduced quality of life. There is emerging evidence that exercise-based and physiotherapeutic interventions are of benefit for improving fall risk factors, such as balance. However, the benefit, in terms of preventing falls, is mixed. The development of effective interventions has been identified as the highest research priority for this population. The aim of this trial is to establish the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a novel, home-based physiotherapy programme, compared with usual care, on falls amongst PwP. Methods/Design A UK multi-centre, community-based, single blind, randomised controlled trial with twelve month follow-up, and nested economic evaluation and qualitative studies will be undertaken. Six hundred PwP who live in their own home, have had one or more falls in the previous year and an MMSE score of ≥24 will be recruited. Those living in care homes and those needing assistance from another person to walk indoors will not be eligible. The intervention is a physiotherapist delivered, individually tailored and progressive, home-based programme (PDSAFE) comprising task orientated movement strategy training, functional lower limb strengthening and balance training, of six months duration. Unsupervised daily home exercises and strategies will be practised and supported using technology. Control participants will receive usual care. Data collection will include falls, cognitive state, balance and mobility, fear of falling, freezing of gait, mood, quality of life, carer quality of life and resource use. Data will be collected at baseline, three, six and twelve months. Longitudinal semi-structured interviews will be undertaken with forty participants to explore the expectations and experiences of participants. The primary outcome is risk of repeat falling at six months post-randomisation. Discussion The aims of this trial are to establish the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a novel, home-delivered physiotherapy intervention (PDSAFE) compared with usual care on risk of falling for PwP who have a history of falling. PDSAFE is a novel intervention that builds upon the existing literature and targeting known risk factors, being the first study that uses a novel delivery modus (technology) in conjunction with traditional physiotherapeutic approaches. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN48152791
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Ashburn A, Robison J, Wiles R, Hulbert S, Fitton C, Kunkel D, Roberts L, Pickering R, Roberts H. Dancing with Parkinson's disease: a qualitative exploration of the views and experience of participants in a feasibility study. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fitton C, Kunkel D, Hulbert S, Robison J, Roberts L, Pickering R, Wiles R, Roberts H, Ashburn A. Dancing with Parkinson's disease: feasibility randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ashburn A, Roberts L, Pickering R, Roberts HC, Wiles R, Kunkel D, Hulbert S, Robison J, Fitton C. A design to investigate the feasibility and effects of partnered ballroom dancing on people with Parkinson disease: randomized controlled trial protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2014; 3:e34. [PMID: 25051989 PMCID: PMC4137144 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-help and physical leisure activities has become increasingly important in the maintenance of safe and functional mobility among an increasingly elderly population. Preventing the cycle of deterioration, falling, inactivity, dependency, and secondary complications in people with Parkinson disease (PD) is a priority. Research has shown that people with PD are interested in dance and although the few existing trials are small, initial proof of principle trials from the United States have demonstrated beneficial effects on balance control, gait, and activity levels. To our knowledge, there has been no research into long-term effects, cost effectiveness, the influence on spinal posture and turning, or the personal insights of dance participants. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the methodological feasibility of conducting a definitive phase III trial to evaluate the benefits of dance in people with PD. We will build on the proof of principle trials by addressing gaps in knowledge, focusing on areas of greatest methodological uncertainty; the choice of dances and intensity of the program; for the main trial, the availability of partners, the suitability of the currently envisaged primary outcomes, balance and spinal posture; and the key costs of delivering and participating in a dance program to inform economic evaluation. METHODS Fifty participants (mild-to-moderate condition) will be randomized to the control (usual care) or experimental (dance plus usual care) groups at a ratio of 15:35. Dance will be taught by professional teachers in a dance center in the South of England. Each participant in the experimental group will dance with his or her spouse, a friend, or a partner from a bank of volunteers. A blinded assessor will complete clinical measures and self-reported ability at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months after randomization. A qualitative study of a subgroup of participants and partners will examine user's views about the appropriateness and acceptability of the intervention, assessment protocol, and general trial procedures. Procedures for an economic evaluation of dance for health care will be developed for the main trial. RESULTS Recruitment began in January 2013 and the last participant is expected to complete the trial follow-up in June 2014. CONCLUSIONS Findings from our study may provide novel insights into the way people with PD become involved in dance, their views and opinions, and the suitability of our primary and secondary outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): 63088686; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN63088686/63088686 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6QYyjehP7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ashburn
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Boche D, Amin J, Mouton‐Liger F, Nasser M, Love S, Gray F, Pickering R, Nicoll J, Holmes C, Hugon J, Paquet C. P1–345: Consequences of beta‐amyloid immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease on neurons in the human cerebral cortex. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay Amin
- University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom
| | | | - Mariam Nasser
- University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom
| | - Seth Love
- Univeristy of Bristol Bristol United Kingdom
| | | | | | - James Nicoll
- University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom
| | - Clive Holmes
- University of Southampton Southampton United Kingdom
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Westwood G, Pickering R, Latter S, Little P, Gerard K, Lucassen A, Temple IK. A primary care specialist genetics service: a cluster-randomised factorial trial. Br J Gen Pract 2012; 62:e191-7. [PMID: 22429436 PMCID: PMC3289825 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp12x630089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GPs do not have the confidence to identify patients at increased genetic risk. A specialist primary care clinical genetics service could support GPs with referral and provide local clinics for their patients. AIM To test whether primary care genetic-led genetics education improves both non-cancer and cancer referral rates, and primary care-led genetics clinics improve the patient pathway. DESIGN AND SETTING Cluster-randomised factorial trial in 73 general practices in the south of England. METHOD Practices randomised to receive case scenario based seminar (intervention) or not (control), and referred patients a primary (intervention) or secondary (control) care genetic counsellor (GC)-led appointment. OUTCOME MEASURES GP referral and clinic attendance rates (primary), appropriate cancer and case scenario referral rates, patient satisfaction, clinic costs, and case management (secondary). RESULTS Eighty-nine and 68 referrals made by 36 intervention and 37 control practices respectively. There was a trend towards an overall higher referral rate among educated GPs (referral rate ratio [RRR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89 to 2.02; P = 0.161), and they made more appropriate cancer referrals (RRR 2.36, 95% CI = 1.07 to 5.24; P = 0.035). No indication of difference in clinic attendance rates (odds ratio 0.91, 95% CI = 0.43 to 1.95; P = 0.802) or patient satisfaction (P = 0.189). Patients spent 49% less travelling (£3.60 versus £6.62; P<0.001) and took 33% less time (39.7 versus 57.7 minutes; P<0.001) to attend a primary than secondary care appointment; 83% of GC-managed appointments met the 18-week referral to treatment, NHS target. CONCLUSION An integrated primary care genetics service both supports GPs in appropriate cancer referral and provides care in the right place by the right person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Westwood
- Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
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Rowan D, Pickering R. Letter regarding two recent publications on interaural attenuation in the International Journal of Audiology. Int J Audiol 2011; 50:636-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2010.540585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Sanei M, Pickering R, Fuchs J, Banaei Moghaddam AM, Dziurlikowska A, Houben A. Interspecific hybrids of Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum x H. bulbosum are mitotically stable and reveal no gross alterations in chromatin properties. Cytogenet Genome Res 2010; 129:110-6. [PMID: 20551604 DOI: 10.1159/000313641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybrids between the related wild barley species Hordeum marinum and H. bulbosum were generated and tested regarding their chromosomal stability and chromatin properties. Unlike in H. vulgare x H. bulbosum hybrid embryos, there was no effect of temperature on uniparental chromosome elimination or retention during hybrid seed development and 7 chromosomes from each parent were detected according to genomic in situ hybridization analyses. The centromere-specific histone H3 gene (CENH3) of both parental genomes is active in hybrid plants. Indirect immunostaining of flow-sorted 2C nuclei indicated that no major reorganization of histone H3 methylation (K4, K9 and K27), H3K9 acetylation and histone H2A ubiquitination marks or location of active RNA polymerase II sites occurred after interspecific hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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Chia S, Speers C, Gelmon K, Ellard S, Pickering R, O'Reilly S, Seal M. 7 Outcomes of women with early stage HER-2 over-expressing breast cancer receiving adjuvant trastuzumab: a population based analysis. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)70039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Naeem F, Bhatti F, Pickering R, Kingdon D. A controlled trial of the effectiveness of drug treatment & testing orders (DTTO) with standard care. Journal of Substance Use 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14659890601152258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dhodapkar MV, Bolejack V, Shaughnessy J, Matthews P, Pickering R, Qu P, Hoering A, Crowley J, Barlogie B. Role of T-cell immunity to embryonal stem (ES) cell antigen SOX2 in the progression of myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.8522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8522 Background: Clinical outcome in patients (pts) with asymptomatic plasma-proliferative disorders, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and asymptomatic myeloma (AMM), is highly variable. There is a need to identify specific tumor or host related features that predict the risk of disease progression. In prior studies, we have shown that patients with MGUS commonly mount a T cell immune response against SOX2, an antigen critical for pluripotency of ES cells. Methods: Patients with MGUS/AMM were enrolled in a prospective observational clinical protocol (SWOG S0120). All patients underwent detailed staging evaluation at registration and were observed without therapy. The presence of T cell immunity to SOX2 in freshly isolated blood / marrow mononuclear cells was analyzed using an overlapping peptide library at study entry. Results: Anti-SOX2 T cell responses were detected in 39/109 (36%) pts tested. Progression to symptomatic MM was observed in only 2 of 39 patients with anti-SOX2 immunity compared to 17 of 59 pts lacking these responses, resulting in 2-yr progression-free survival 96 v 63% (p=0.003). Responses to viral antigens and polyclonal mitogens as controls were preserved in patients lacking SOX2 immunity indicating that the absence of immunity to SOX2 was not due to global immune-suppression. Immunity to SOX2 correlated with features of lower risk including serum-M component < 1.5 g/dL (p=0.008), marrow plasmacytosis < 10% (p<0.001) and normal serum free light chain ratio (p=0.01). Conclusions: These data demonstrate in the context of a prospective trial that T cell immunity to stem cell genes strongly correlates with a reduced risk of progression to clinical myeloma. These data point to SOX2 as a potential target for the prevention of disease progression in MGUS/AMM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Dhodapkar
- Yale University, New Haven, CT; Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Southwest Oncology Group
| | - V. Bolejack
- Yale University, New Haven, CT; Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Southwest Oncology Group
| | - J. Shaughnessy
- Yale University, New Haven, CT; Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Southwest Oncology Group
| | - P. Matthews
- Yale University, New Haven, CT; Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Southwest Oncology Group
| | - R. Pickering
- Yale University, New Haven, CT; Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Southwest Oncology Group
| | - P. Qu
- Yale University, New Haven, CT; Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Southwest Oncology Group
| | - A. Hoering
- Yale University, New Haven, CT; Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Southwest Oncology Group
| | - J. Crowley
- Yale University, New Haven, CT; Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Southwest Oncology Group
| | - B. Barlogie
- Yale University, New Haven, CT; Cancer Research and Biostatistics, Seattle, WA; University of Arkansas, Little Rock, AR; Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Southwest Oncology Group
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Fetch T, Johnston PA, Pickering R. Chromosomal location and inheritance of stem rust resistance transferred from Hordeum bulbosum into cultivated barley (H. vulgare). Phytopathology 2009; 99:339-43. [PMID: 19271974 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-99-4-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is an important disease on barley (Hordeum vulgare). Host resistance has effectively controlled stem rust, primarily through use of gene Rpg1. However, virulence to Rpg1 is present in North America, and a new race (TTKSK, or Ug99) from eastern Africa threatens barley production. A search for novel resistance was previously conducted, and an interspecific barley breeding line (212Y1) with introgressed chromatin from H. bulbosum was identified as carrying resistance to races MCCF and QCCJ. This study evaluated the inheritance of resistance in 212Y1 using populations from crosses to Morex (Rpg1 donor) and Q21861 (rpg4 donor) and the pathogen races MCCF (avirulent on Rpg1 and rpg4) and QCCJ (virulent on Rpg1 and avirulent on rpg4), and determined the chromosomal position of the introgression using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and chromosome-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers. Progeny from the 212Y1/Q21861 F(2) population segregated for resistant and susceptible plants, indicating different gene loci. Genetic analyses of Morex/212Y1 F(3) families fit a 7 homozygous resistant (HR):8 segregating:1 homozygous susceptible (HS) family segregation ratio to race MCCF, indicating that two genes controlled resistance. Plants in segregating families were in 3R:1S (Rpg1), 13R:3S (Rpg1+212Y1), and 1R:3S (212Y1) ratios. Genetic analyses of the same F(3) families fit a 1HR:2 segregating:1HS family segregation ratio to race QCCJ, indicating monogenic inheritance. Plants in segregating families were in a 1R: 3S ratio, indicating recessive inheritance in 212Y1. The introgression from H. bulbosum into H. vulgare was positioned on chromosome 6HS based on GISH and the PCR-based markers. No known stem rust resistance gene has previously been mapped to that region. Thus, it is proposed to name this novel gene from H. bulbosum as rpg6.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fetch
- Agricultered Agri- Food Canada, Cereal Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2M9, Canada.
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McKenzie SA, Bhattacharya A, Sureshkumar R, Joshi B, Franklin A, Pickering R, Dundas I. Which obese children should have a sleep study? Respir Med 2008; 102:1581-5. [PMID: 18640017 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK government has recommended the development of obesity services for children. As obesity is common, studying every obese child for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) would be challenging and full paediatric sleep services are not available in every area in Europe. The purpose of this study was to consider how well clinical features predict significant OSA in obese children in order to help prioritise the need for sleep studies and subsequent treatment. METHODS Consecutive children referred for obesity management aged 2-16 years with a body mass index (BMI) of >2.5 z scores for age were offered a sleep study using overnight oximetry and audiovisual recordings. Significant OSA was defined as > or = 5 dips/h of >4% oxygen saturation or > or = 5 respiratory-event related arousals/h. RESULTS Forty-one of 158 (26%) children (mean BMI z score 3.7) had significant OSA and 95% of these had either reported apnoea, restless sleep or tonsillar hypertrophy (TH). Nineteen percent of all children had none of these features. BMI was not related to OSA. CONCLUSION If only obese children with reported apnoea, restless sleep or TH have a sleep study, 95% of all obese children with significant OSA will be identified using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A McKenzie
- 2nd floor, Fielden House, Royal London Hospital, Barts and the London NHS Trust, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, UK.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND falls are common following a stroke, but knowledge about predicting future fallers is lacking. OBJECTIVE to identify, at discharge from hospital, those who are most at risk of repeated falls. METHODS consecutively hospitalised people with stroke (independently mobile prior to stroke and with intact gross cognitive function) were recruited. Subjects completed a battery of tests (balance, function, mood and attention) within 2 weeks of leaving hospital and at 12 months post hospital discharge. RESULTS 122 participants (mean age 70.2 years) were recruited. Fall status at 12 months was available for 115 participants and of those, 63 [55%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 46-64] experienced one or more falls, 48 (42%; 95% CI 33-51) experienced repeated falls, and 62 (54%) experienced near-falls. All variables available at discharge were screened as potential predictors of falling. Six variables emerged [near-falling in hospital, Rivermead leg and trunk score, Rivermead upper limb score, Berg Balance score, mean functional reach, and the Nottingham extended activities of daily living (NEADL) score]. A score of near-falls in hospital and upper limb function was the best predictor with 70% specificity and 60% sensitivity. CONCLUSION participants who were unstable (near-falls) in hospital with poor upper limb function (unable to save themselves) were most at risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ashburn
- School of Health Professions and Rehabilitation Science, University of Southampton, UK.
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Abstract
Objective assessment of stroke-patients' ability to control arm movements is vital for evidence-based therapy and progress monitoring. This study compares three different indices to quantify the quality of wrist movement during a task involving tracking a target on a screen. Each method is assessed in terms of agreement between assessors (Bland and Altman limits of agreement); repeatability of readings by the same assessor (reliability coefficient); and external validity on data collected from a sample of people with impaired upper limb function and an age matched unimpaired control group. The three indices were the root mean square difference between the wrist movement and the target signal, the cross correlation between these two signals, and an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio in the wrist movement. External validity was investigated by calculating the correlation between each measure for wrist movement, and upper limb function assessed by the action research arm test. The results of the Bland and Altman limits of agreement show that all indices were similar in performance. The cross correlation had the highest reliability coefficient for the impaired group. In terms of external validity, the cross correlation and signal-to-noise indices showed the strongest association with functional performance and may thus be the more relevant for future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Notley
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Ashburn A, Fazakarley L, Ballinger C, Pickering R, McLellan LD, Fitton C. A randomised controlled trial of a home based exercise programme to reduce the risk of falling among people with Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78:678-84. [PMID: 17119004 PMCID: PMC2117667 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.099333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a personalised home programme of exercises and strategies for repeat fallers with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHOD Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic PD, independently mobile, living at home in the community, experiencing more than one fall in the previous 12 months and with intact gross cognitive function were invited to participate in this randomised controlled trial. Usual care was compared with a personalised 6 week, home based exercise and strategy programme. The primary outcomes were rates of falling at 8 weeks and 6 months. Whether participants had repeat fallen, nearly fallen or experienced injurious falls were also examined. Functional Reach, the Berg Balance Test, PD Self-assessment Scale and the Euro Quol were rated by a blinded assessor. RESULTS Participants were randomised to the exercise (n = 70) and control (n = 72) groups. There was a consistent trend towards lower fall rates in the exercise group at both 8 weeks and 6 months and lower rates of injurious falls needing medical attention at 6 months. Lower rates of repeat near falling were evident for the exercise group at 8 weeks (p = 0.004) and 6 months (p = 0.007). There was a positive effect of exercises at 6 months on Functional Reach (p = 0.009) and quality of life (p = 0.033). No significant differences were found on other secondary outcomes measures. CONCLUSION There was a trend towards a reduction in fall events and injurious falls with a positive effect of exercises on near falls and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Ashburn
- Rehabilitation Research Unit, School of Health Professions and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Southampton, Level E, Centre Block, Mailpoint 886, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Rd, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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Roberts H, Stack E, Pickering R, Pressly V, McElwaine T, Frankel J. 3.309 The repeatability of standardised movement analysis of people with Parkinson's disease in the home and the gait lab. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pickering R, Klatte S, Butler RC. Erratum: Identification of all chromosome arms and their involvement in meiotic homoeologous associations at metaphase I in 2 Hordeum vulgare L. × Hordeum bulbosum L. hybrids. Genome 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/g06-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gernand D, Rutten T, Pickering R, Houben A. Elimination of chromosomes in Hordeum vulgare x H. bulbosum crosses at mitosis and interphase involves micronucleus formation and progressive heterochromatinization. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 114:169-74. [PMID: 16825770 DOI: 10.1159/000093334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniparental chromosome elimination occurs in several interspecific hybrids of plants. We studied the mechanism underlying selective elimination of the paternal chromosomes during the development of Hordeum vulgare x H. bulbosum hybrid embryos that is restricted to an early stage of development. In almost all embryos most of the H. bulbosum chromatin undergoes a fast rate of elimination within nine days after pollination. There are differences in the mitotic behaviour between the parental chromosomes, with H. bulbosum chromatids segregating asymmetrically at anaphase. We provide evidence for a chromosome elimination pathway that involves the formation of nuclear extrusions during interphase in addition to postmitotically formed micronuclei. The chromatin structure of nuclei and micronuclei differs and heterochromatinization and disintegration of the nuclear envelope of micronuclei are the final steps of chromosome elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gernand
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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35
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Kendrick T, Simons L, Mynors-Wallis L, Gray A, Lathlean J, Pickering R, Harris S, Rivero-Arias O, Gerard K, Thompson C. Cost-effectiveness of referral for generic care or problem-solving treatment from community mental health nurses, compared with usual general practitioner care for common mental disorders: Randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 189:50-9. [PMID: 16816306 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.012435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UK general practitioners (GPs) refer patients with common mental disorders to community mental health nurses. AIMS To determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of this practice. METHOD Randomised trial with three arms: usual GP care, generic mental health nurse care, and care from nurses trained in problem-solving treatment; 98 GPs in 62 practices referred 247 adult patients with new episodes of anxiety, depression and life difficulties, to 37 nurses. RESULTS There were 212 (86%) and 190 (77%) patients followed up at 8 and 26 weeks respectively. No significant differences between groups were found in effectiveness at either point. Mean differences in Clinical Interview Schedule - Revised scores at 26 weeks compared with GP care were -1.4 (95% CI -5.5 to 2.8) for generic nurse care, and 1.1 (-2.9 to 5.1) for nurse problem-solving. Satisfaction was significantly higher in both nurse-treated groups. Mean extra costs per patient were 283 pound (95% CI154-411) for generic nurse care, and 315 pound (183-481) for nurse problem-solving treatment. CONCLUSIONS GPs should not refer unselected patients with common mental disorders to specialist nurses. Problem-solving should be reserved for patients who have not responded to initial GP care.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kendrick
- Primary Medical Care Group, Community Clinical Sciences Division, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton SO16 5ST, UK.
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Pickering R, Klatte S, Butler RC. Identification of all chromosome arms and their involvement in meiotic homoeologous associations at metaphase I in 2 Hordeum vulgare L. x Hordeum bulbosum L. hybrids. Genome 2006; 49:73-8. [PMID: 16462903 DOI: 10.1139/g05-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have identified all Hordeum bulbosum chromosomes in 2 diploid Hordeum vulgare x Hordeum bulbosum hybrids using suitable probes and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Using the parental idiograms allowed us to carry out a full analysis of chromosome associations among all chromosome arms in the hybrids. Association frequencies were generally lower for the short arms than for the long arms. There were also significant differences among the chromosome arms in association frequencies, partly correlated with the absolute length of the chromosome arm, as well as with the frequency of recombinant lines, which were recovered from partially fertile interspecific hybrids. The H. bulbosum idiogram will be useful for further chromosome association studies and will enable the identification of H. bulbosum chromosomes involved in chromosome addition or substitution lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pickering
- New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Christchurch.
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Kendrick T, Simons L, Mynors-Wallis L, Gray A, Lathlean J, Pickering R, Harris S, Rivero-Arias O, Gerard K, Thompson C. A trial of problem-solving by community mental health nurses for anxiety, depression and life difficulties among general practice patients. The CPN-GP study. Health Technol Assess 2005; 9:1-104, iii. [PMID: 16153354 DOI: 10.3310/hta9370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness of community mental health nurse (CMHN) problem-solving and generic CMHN care, against usual general practitioner (GP) care in reducing symptoms, alleviating problems, and improving social functioning and quality of life for people living in the community with common mental disorders; and to undertake a cost comparison of each CMHN treatment compared with usual GP care. DESIGN A pragmatic, randomised controlled trial with three arms: CMHN problem-solving, generic CMHN care and usual GP care. SETTING General practices in two southern English counties were included in the study. CMHNs were employed by local NHS trusts providing community mental health services. PARTICIPANTS Participants were GP patients aged 18--65 years with a new episode of anxiety, depression or reaction to life difficulties and had to score at least 3 points on the General Health Questionnaire-12 screening tool. Symptoms had to be present for a minimum of 4 weeks but no longer than 6 months. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomised to one of three groups: (1) CMHN problem-solving treatment, (2) generic CMHN treatment, or (3) usual GP care. All three groups of patients remained free to consult their GPs throughout the course of the study, and could be prescribed psychotropic drug treatments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patients were assessed at baseline, and 8 weeks and 26 weeks after randomisation. The primary outcome measure was psychological symptoms measured on the Clinical Interview Schedule -- Revised. Other measures included social functioning, health-related quality of life, problem severity and satisfaction. The economic outcomes were evaluated with a cost--utility analysis. RESULTS Twenty-four CMHNs were trained to provide problem-solving under supervision, and another 29 were referred patients for generic support. In total, 247 patients were randomised to the three arms of the study, referred by 98 GPs in 62 practices. All three groups of patients were greatly improved by the 8-week follow-up. No significant differences were found between the groups at 8 weeks or 26 weeks in symptoms, social functioning or quality of life. Greater satisfaction with treatment was found in the CMHN groups. CMHN care represented a significant additional health service cost and there were no savings in sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS The study found that specialist mental health nurse support is no better than support from GPs for patients with anxiety, depression and reactions to life difficulties. The results suggest that healthcare providers could consider adopting policies of restricting referrals of unselected patients with common mental disorders to specialist CMHNs, although there may be other roles in primary care that CMHNs could play effectively. Further research should address the predictors of chronicity in common mental disorders and target extra treatment. More research is also needed into the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of problem-solving treatment for other disorders, of facilitated self-help treatments for common mental disorders and of CMHN care for people with severe and enduring mental illnesses, as well as the prevention of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kendrick
- Primary Medical Care, University of Southampton, Aldermoor Health Centre, Southampton, UK
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Johnson CD, Howse F, Fitzsimmons D, Harris S, Pickering R, George SL. Quality of life and functional long-term outcome after partial pancreatoduodenectomy: pancreatogastrostomy versus pancreatojejunostomy. Ann Surg Oncol 2005; 14:750-1. [PMID: 17151790 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-006-9173-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the effects of pancreatogastrostomy (PG) versus pancreatojejunostomy (PJ) as types of reconstruction after partial pancreatoduodenectomy on postoperative quality of life and long-term gastrointestinal morbidity, the outcomes of 104 patients (PG, n = 63; PJ, n = 41) were evaluated. METHODS To compare the two groups, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (QLQ-PAN 26) standard and an additional self-developed questionnaire were used. The mean time after surgery was 6.4 +/- 3.4 years. RESULTS In the PG group, there was a significant reduction of gastric acid reflux, gastroduodenal ulcers, and pain compared with before surgery. However, a significant increase in steatorrhea, intolerance toward larger meals, and aversion against certain foods were observed. In the PJ group, no significant change of preoperative symptoms was present except for jaundice. The incidence of diabetes mellitus and the need for pancreatic enzyme substitution had increased significantly but similarly in both groups. The global quality of life was identical in both groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS This analysis demonstrates that the global quality of life was not affected by the type of reconstruction after partial pancreatoduodenectomy. Patients who underwent PG had a significant reduction of gastric reflux, pain, and abdominal discomfort compared with before surgery. Patients in both groups showed an impaired exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function of a similar extent.
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Pickering R, Johnston PA. Recent progress in barley improvement using wild species of Hordeum. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 109:344-9. [PMID: 15753595 DOI: 10.1159/000082418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2003] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we describe recent progress in barley (Hordeum vulgare) improvement through hybridisation with its wild relatives. We have focused on one species in the secondary genepool of cultivated barley, namely H. bulbosum. This wild species has desirable traits, such as disease resistance, that are worthwhile transferring to its cultivated relative. Progress has been achieved through developing partially fertile interspecific hybrids that have been selfed or backcrossed to barley. We present the results of cytogenetic and molecular analyses that have enabled us to characterise and produce agronomically useful recombinant lines obtained from the hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pickering
- New Zealand Institute for Crop & Food Research Limited, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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O'Connor TSJ, Davis A, Meakes E, Pickering R, Schuman M. Narrative Therapy Using a Reflecting Team: An Ethnographic Study of Therapists' Experiences. Contemporary Family Therapy 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:coft.0000016909.51162.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ruge B, Linz A, Pickering R, Proeseler G, Greif P, Wehling P. Mapping of Rym14Hb, a gene introgressed from Hordeum bulbosum and conferring resistance to BaMMV and BaYMV in barley. Theor Appl Genet 2003; 107:965-971. [PMID: 12830389 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2003] [Accepted: 05/02/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hordeum bulbosum represents the secondary gene pool of barley and constitutes a potential source of various disease resistances in barley breeding. Interspecific crosses of H. vulgare x H. bulbosum resulted in recombinant diploid-barley progeny with immunity to BaMMV after mechanical inoculation. Tests on fields contaminated with different viruses demonstrated that resistance was effective against all European viruses of the soil-borne virus complex (BaMMV, BaYMV-1, -2). Genetic analysis revealed that resistance was dominantly inherited. Marker analysis in a F5 mapping family was performed to map the introgression in the barley genome and to estimate its size after several rounds of recombination. RFLP anchor-marker alleles indicative of an H. bulbosum introgression were found to cover an interval 2.9 cM in length on chromosome 6HS. The soil-borne virus resistance locus harboured by this introgressed segment was designated Rym14(Hb). For marker-assisted selection of Rym14(Hb) carriers, a diagnostic codominant STS marker was derived from an AFLP fragment amplified from leaf cDNA of homozygous-resistant genotypes inoculated with BaMMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ruge
- Federal Centre for Breeding Research on Cultivated Plants, Institute of Agricultural Crops, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3a, D-18190 Gross Lüsewitz, Germany.
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Abstract
With recent evaluations contradicting early reports of improved outcomes from nurse-led inpatient care, the 'black box' of nurse-led care must be opened in order to examine the model of treatment. We present findings on the processes of care in one nurse-led unit (NLU), compared with an acute ward. Patterns and quality of nursing care were quantified using bar-code technology to measure type, frequency and duration of nursing activities and Quality Patient Care Scale to measure the quality of care. NLU quality matched, but did not exceed, quality on the acute ward. Patterns of care differed between wards, but activities associated with therapeutic nursing were no more frequent on the NLU. These findings support the hypothesis that disappointing outcomes in recent evaluations may be linked to failure to implement a therapeutic model of nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronagh Walsh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Onslow L, Roberts H, Steiner A, Roberts A, Powell J, Pickering R. An integrated care pathway for fractured neck of femur patients. Prof Nurse 2003; 18:265-8. [PMID: 12599956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Fractured neck of femur is a common traumatic condition, particularly among older women. An acute trust developed an integrated care pathway for these patients, led by a consultant and a senior nurse. Multidisciplinary team members were trained and outcomes for patients on discharge seem to be improving. But some medical staff have been slow to get involved with the project.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A single-blind randomized controlled trial of a leaflet developed for people with acute low back pain was compared with the usual general practitioner management of back pain. OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of a patient information leaflet on knowledge, attitude, behavior, and function. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Despite the commonality of back pain in general practice, little evidence on the effectiveness of simple interventions such as leaflets and advice on self-management has been reported. On the basis of a five-stage needs analysis, a simple leaflet was developed that considered the views of patients and health professionals. METHODS For this study, 64 patients with acute back pain were assigned to the leaflet or control group. The participants were visited at home after 2 days, 2 weeks, then 3, 6, and 12 months, where they completed a range of self-report measures. Behavioral aspects were discretely recorded by a "blinded" researcher. Primary outcomes were knowledge, attitude, behavior, and function. RESULTS In all, 272 home visits were undertaken. The findings show that at 2 weeks, knowledge about sitting posture was greater in the leaflet group (P = 0.006), which transferred to a behavioral difference (sitting with lumbar lordosis support) when participants were unaware that they were being observed (P = 0.009). This difference remained significant at 3 months. Patients in the leaflet group also were better at maintaining a wide base of support when lifting a light object than the control subjects throughout all five assessments. There were no significant differences in the functional outcomes tested. CONCLUSIONS This trial demonstrates that written advice for patients can be a contributory factor in the initial general practitioner consultation because it may change aspects of knowledge and behavior. This has implications for the management of acute back pain, with potential health gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Roberts
- Department of Physiotherapy, Southampton University Hospitals Trust, Highfield, Hants, United Kingdom
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effectiveness of two mechanical methods of blood conservation in reducing the need for allogeneic red blood cells or coagulation products during cardiac surgery. DESIGN Randomised controlled trial. SETTING Regional cardiac centre in a teaching hospital in Southampton. PARTICIPANTS 263 adults aged 18-80 years undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery entered the study, of whom 252 completed the trial. All patients received routine perioperative care. Patients were allocated to one of three treatment groups: intraoperative cell salvage, intraoperative cell salvage with acute perioperative normovolaemic haemodilution, or no mechanical blood conservation. There were 84 patients in each group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Numbers of patients who received allogeneic blood or coagulation products, and the mean number of units of blood transfused per patient. RESULTS Of the patients in the intraoperative cell salvage group, 26 were given a transfusion of allogeneic blood, compared with 43 in the control group (odds ratio 0.43 (95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.80)). The mean number of units of allogeneic blood transfused per patient in the intraoperative cell salvage group was 0.68 units (SD=1.55), compared with 1.07 (1.56) units in the control group. 32 of the patients in the intraoperative cell salvage group were given any blood product, compared with 47 in the control group (odds ratio 0.47 (0.25 to 0.89); P=0.019). Combining acute perioperative normovolaemic haemodilution with intraoperative cell salvage conferred no additional benefits. CONCLUSIONS An intraoperative cell salvage device should be used in elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Pharmacological strategies may achieve further reductions in blood transfusions. Yet further reductions in blood transfusions could be achieved if the lower safe limit of haemoglobin concentration in patients undergoing cardiac surgery were known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil McGill
- C S Mott Children's Hospital, Section of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Room F3900, Box 0211, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0211, USA
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Simons L, Mynors-Wallis L, Pickering R, Gray A, Brooking J, Thompson C, Kendrick T. A randomized controlled trial of problem solving for anxiety, depression and life difficulties by community psychiatric nurses among general practice patients: background and method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1185/135525701753429308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Malby S, Pickering R, Saha S, Smallridge R, Linse S, Downing AK. The first epidermal growth factor-like domain of the low-density lipoprotein receptor contains a noncanonical calcium binding site. Biochemistry 2001; 40:2555-63. [PMID: 11327878 DOI: 10.1021/bi002322l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Removal of cholesterol-containing particles from the circulation is mediated by the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. Upon ligand binding, the receptor-ligand complex is endocytosed, and the ligand is released. The important biological role of the LDL receptor (LDLR) has been highlighted by the identification of more than 400 LDLR mutations that are associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. The extracellular region of the LDLR is modular in nature and principally comprises multiple copies of ligand binding, epidermal growth factor-like (EGF), and YWTD-type domains. This report describes characterization of the calcium binding properties of the tandem pair of EGF domains. While only the C-terminal EGF module contains the consensus sequence associated with calcium binding, a noncanonical calcium binding site in the N-terminal domain has been revealed using solution NMR spectroscopy. The calcium dissociation constants for the N- and C-terminal sites have been measured under physiologically relevant pH and ionic strength conditions using a combination of solution NMR, intrinsic protein fluorescence, and chromophoric chelator methods to be approximately 50 microM and approximately 10-20 microM, respectively. Identification of the novel calcium binding motif in LDLR sequences from other species suggests that it may confer specificity within the LDLR gene family. Comparison of the K(d) for the C-terminal site with the calcium concentration in late vesicles indicates that the binding properties of this module may be tuned to titrate upon endocytosis of the LDL receptor-ligand complex, and thus calcium binding may play a role in the ligand dissociation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Malby
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
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Grant BF, Pickering R. The relationship between cannabis use and DSM-IV cannabis abuse and dependence: results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey. J Subst Abuse 2000; 10:255-64. [PMID: 10689658 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-3289(99)00006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of-this study was to determine the risk of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) cannabis abuse and dependence at different levels of cannabis use in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. general population. Two separate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between cannabis use, and abuse and dependence. The risk of cannabis abuse and dependence was found to increase with the frequency of smoking occasions and slightly decreased with age. More severe comorbidity was associated with dependence compared to abuse, suggesting that cannabis might be used to self-medicate major depression. The strength of the association between cannabis use and abuse was also increased as a function of the number of joints smoked among females, but not males. These results were discussed in terms of differential societal reactions, the self-medication hypothesis, and gender biases in diagnosing cannabis abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Grant
- Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892-7003, USA
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Zhang L, Pickering R, Murray B. Direct measurement of recombination frequency in interspecific hybrids between Hordeum vulgare and H. bulbosum using genomic in situ hybridization. Heredity (Edinb) 1999; 83 ( Pt 3):304-9. [PMID: 10504428 DOI: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6885710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Two different genotypes of diploid Hordeum vulgare x H. bulbosum hybrids, which differ in their pattern of meiotic metaphase pairing behaviour, were investigated at MI and AI by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). One hybrid, 102C2, showed a high frequency of bivalents at metaphase I whereas the other, 103K5, showed a high frequency of univalents. The GISH analysis of both hybrids established that pairing occurred only between chromosomes of different parental genomes and revealed that pairing frequency greatly exceeded recombination. Hybrid 102C2 had a significantly higher recombination frequency than 103K5, but in both hybrids recombination involved only distal chromosome regions. However, an interesting finding is that the ratio of recombination to pairing frequency in 103K5 (1:8.9) is twice as high compared with 102C2 (1:17). The hybrids also differed in chromosome stability; little chromosome elimination occurred in 102C2 but 103K5 showed extensive chromosome loss. It appears that the high frequency of bound arms at MI favours retention of H. bulbosum chromosomes and maintains stability of chromosome numbers in PMCs. Various ideas are put forward to explain the discrepancy between meiotic pairing frequency and recombination in these hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
BACKGROUND "Silent" aspiration was recognized to be a more frequent complication at this hospital in patients who have had coronary artery bypass grafting than in the general surgical population. METHODS A case-control retrospective study covering a 4.5-year period was conducted to determine risk factors for pharyngeal dysfunction resulting in silent aspiration. RESULTS Significant predictors of silent aspiration were age, history of cerebral vascular disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Intraaortic balloon pump and number of units of fresh-frozen plasma were the only independent intraoperative factors associated with silent aspiration in a model using continuous variables directly. Cold fibrillation was used in 7 of 53 study cases but no control patients, so it could not be modeled. Postoperative complications occurring with greater frequency included neurologic complications, adverse pulmonary outcomes, repeat surgical interventions, infection, and death. Using an Aspiration Risk Profile developed from the retrospective study, in a detailed prospective study of 10 patients, 3 of 4 patients with postoperative dysphagia had objective evidence of stroke. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that postoperative coronary artery bypass graft dysphagia may be the result of intraoperative cerebral injury, and that careful postoperative clinical evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft patients with risk factors may result in early diagnosis of pharyngeal dysfunction with the goals of preventing silent aspiration and reducing morbidity, mortality, and hospital cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- O B Harrington
- Methodist Hospitals of Memphis and Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee, USA
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