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Subramanian K, Góra A, Spruijt R, Mitusińska K, Suarez-Diez M, Martins dos Santos V, Schaap PJ. Modulating D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) substrate specificity through facilitated solvent access. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198990. [PMID: 29906280 PMCID: PMC6003678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) degrades D-amino acids to produce α-ketoacids, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. DAAO has often been investigated and engineered for industrial and clinical applications. We combined information from literature with a detailed analysis of the structure to engineer mammalian DAAOs. The structural analysis was complemented with molecular dynamics simulations to characterize solvent accessibility and product release mechanisms. We identified non-obvious residues located on the loops on the border between the active site and the secondary binding pocket essential for pig and human DAAO substrate specificity and activity. We engineered DAAOs by mutating such critical residues and characterised the biochemical activity of the resulting variants. The results highlight the importance of the selected residues in modulating substrate specificity, product egress and enzyme activity, suggesting further steps of DAAO re-engineering towards desired clinical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyanasundaram Subramanian
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Artur Góra
- Tunneling Group, Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ruud Spruijt
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Mitusińska
- Tunneling Group, Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krzywoustego, Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, ks. Marcina Strzody, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vitor Martins dos Santos
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Dóka O, Ficzek G, Bicanic D, Spruijt R, Luterotti S, Tóth M, Buijnsters JG, Végvári G. Direct photothermal techniques for rapid quantification of total anthocyanin content in sour cherry cultivars. Talanta 2011; 84:341-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Luterotti S, Bicanic D, Kljak K, Grbesa D, Martínez ESM, Spruijt R. Assaying Total Carotenoids in Flours of Corn and Sweetpotato by Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. FOOD BIOPHYS 2011; 6:12-19. [PMID: 21423327 PMCID: PMC3034893 DOI: 10.1007/s11483-010-9168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the application of the laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for quantification of total carotenoids (TC) in corn flours and sweetpotato flours. Overall, thirty-three different corn flours and nine sweetpotato flours were investigated. All PAS measurements were performed at room temperature using 488-nm argon laser radiation for excitation and mechanical modulation of 9 and 30 Hz. The measurements were repeated within a run and within several days or months. The UV-Vis spectrophotometry was used as the reference method. The concentration range that allows for the reliable analysis of TC spans a region from 1 to 40 mg kg(-1) for corn flours and from 9 to 40 mg kg(-1) for sweetpotato flours. In the case of sweetpotato flours, the quantification may extend even to 240 mg kg(-1) TC. The estimated detection limit values for TC in corn and sweetpotato flours were 0.1 and 0.3 mg kg(-1), respectively. The computed repeatability (n = 3-12) and intermediate precision (n = 6-28) RSD values at 9 and 30 Hz are comparable: 0.1-17.1% and 5.3-14.7% for corn flours as compared with 1.4-9.1% and 4.2-23.0% for sweetpotato flours. Our results show that PAS can be successfully used as a new analytical tool to simply and rapidly screen the flours for their nutritional potential based on the total carotenoid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svjetlana Luterotti
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dane Bicanic
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3-Transitorium, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Kljak
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Grbesa
- Faculty of Agronomy, University of Zagreb, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Eduardo San Martin Martínez
- Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, IPN, Legaria 694, Colonia Irrigacion, 11500 Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Ruud Spruijt
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3-Transitorium, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Crone MR, Spruijt R, Dijkstra NS, Willemsen MC, Paulussen TGWM. Does a smoking prevention program in elementary schools prepare children for secondary school? Prev Med 2011; 52:53-9. [PMID: 21078340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A smoking prevention program was developed to prepare children in elementary school for secondary school. This study assessed the effects on smoking in secondary school. METHODS In 2002, 121 schools in The Netherlands were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention group received 3 lessons in 5th grade of elementary school and a second 3 lessons in 6th grade. The control group received "usual care". Students completed 5 questionnaires: before and after the lessons in 5th and 6th grade and in the first class of secondary school. At baseline, 3173 students completed the questionnaire; 57% completed all questionnaires. RESULTS The program had limited effect at the end of elementary school. One year later in secondary school significant effects on behavioral determinants and smoking were found. The intervention group had a higher intention not to smoke (β=0.13, 95% confidence interval=0.01-0.24) and started to smoke less often than the control group (odds ratio=0.59, 95% confidence interval=0.35-0.99): smoking increased from 2.5% to 3.6% in the intervention group and from 3.2% to 6.5% in the control group. Girls showed the largest differences in smoking between intervention and control condition. CONCLUSIONS A prevention program in elementary school seems to be effective in preventing smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Crone
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colja Laane
- Department of Biochemistry, Agricultural University, De Dreijen 11, 6703, BC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Unilever Research Laboratorium, P.O. Box 114, 3130, AC, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Spruijt
- Department of Biochemistry, Agricultural University, De Dreijen 11, 6703, BC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riet Hilhorst
- Department of Biochemistry, Agricultural University, De Dreijen 11, 6703, BC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Bartelink ML, Wollersheim H, van de Lisdonk E, Spruijt R, van Weel C. Prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon. Neth J Med 1992; 41:149-52. [PMID: 1470286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies that present prevalence rates for Raynaud's phenomenon show great variation. Figures range from a few to more than 20%. In this study, 508 patients who attended their general practitioner filled in a questionnaire dealing with symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon. When strict criteria (cold digits, numbness and at least a biphasic discolouration) were applied, prevalence was 0.5% in males and 2.9% in females. When a monophasic white discolouration was included, prevalence rates increased by 5.4% in males and by 7.5% in females. The respective percentages became 10.4% and 21.2% when subjects with cold digits and at least a monophasic white or blue discolouration were included. Complaints of cold digits were present in 22.7% of the males and in 35% of the females. We conclude that a great deal of the variation in prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon can be explained by differences in its definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Bartelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nijmegen, Netherlands
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van Dijk C, Spruijt R, Laane C, Veeger C. The pH in reversed micelles as imposed by the dihydrogen/proton redox couple and indicated by viologens and cytochrome c3 using hydrogenase as redox catalyst. Eur J Biochem 1992; 207:587-98. [PMID: 1321716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pH values in reversed micelles were measured, making use of the hydrogenase enzyme as redox catalyst short-circuiting the viologen oxidized/semiquinone redox states. The hydrogenases from Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough) and from Megasphaera elsdenii were applied. The observed pH values in reversed micelles were not dependent on the type of hydrogenase. Two cationic [cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and dodecylammonium propionate (DAP)] and two anionic sodiumdodecyl sulphate, sodium di(ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate types of reversed micelles were used in combination with viologens having distinguishable valencies. It was observed that, in the cationic-reversed micelles, the dissociation constant for the semiquinone dimer had about the same value as compared to bulk water, while this value was significantly higher in the anionic-reversed micelles. Furthermore, the dissociation constant was independent of the concentration of viologen semiquinone in the reversed micelle, indicating that exchange kinetics are faster than the dimerisation process. With the exception of DAP, a linear relation exists, pH = a.pHrm + b, between the pH of the bulk water and the pH as measured in the reversed micelle (pHrm). In all these cases the value of a is smaller than unity, the value of b ranges between 1.6-2.7. For DAP the pHrm is always around 7. In DAP-reversed micelles, the counter-ion propionate probably serves as an internal buffer. Using cytochrome c3 as pH indicator in combination with N,N'-di(3-aminopropyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium)4+ to take care of electron transfer, in cetyltrimethylammonium-bromide-reversed micelles the pHrm is about the same as indicated by the viologen; in SDS-reversed micelles the pHrm is always lower than that indicated by N,N'-di(3-aminopropyl)4,4'-pyridinium4+. In contrast to cytochrome c3 from D. vulgaris, which in reversed micelles cannot become reduced directly by its D. vulgaris hydrogenase, the hydrogenase of M. elsdenii is able to reduce its ferredoxin directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- C van Dijk
- Department of Biochemistry, Agricultural University Transitorium, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hilhorst R, Spruijt R, Laane C, Veeger C. Rules for the regulation of enzyme activity in reserved micelles as illustrated by the conversion of apolar steroids by 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Eur J Biochem 1984; 144:459-66. [PMID: 6593221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
20 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was enclosed in reversed micellar media consisting of cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide, hexanol, organic solvent and Hepes buffer. The influence of the composition of these media on the enzymatic reduction of the apolar steroids progesterone and prednisone was investigated by varying the water content, concentration of hexanol and type of organic solvent. By changing the water content and the type of organic solvent, the hexanol to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ratio in the interphase can be varied. This ratio was determined by phase boundary titrations. It was found that the higher this ratio, the higher the rate of steroid conversion. From variations of the hexanol content it was concluded that the rate of steroid conversion is determined by the hydrophobicity of the steroid relative to the hydrophobicity of the continuous phase and the hydrophobicity of the interphase. The hydrophobicity of the phases was expressed in log P-values. Log P is defined as the logarithm of the partition coefficient in an octanol-water two-phase system. This enabled us to derive the following relations between the hydrophobicity values for the substrate (log Ps), for the interphase (log Pi) and for the continuous phase (log Peph): [log Pi-log Ps] must be minimal to ensure a high steroid concentration in the interphase and [log Pcph-log Ps] must be large to keep the steroid concentration in the continuous phase low. With these considerations, for any given apolar compound, a medium can be composed that gives optimal enzymatic conversion.
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