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Wang T, Wagner RT, Hlady RA, Pan X, Zhao X, Kim S, Wang L, Lee J, Luo H, Castle EP, Lake DF, Ho TH, Robertson KD. SETD2 loss in renal epithelial cells drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in a TGF-β-independent manner. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:44-61. [PMID: 37418588 PMCID: PMC10766198 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETD2 (SETD2), the sole histone methyltransferase that catalyzes trimethylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 (H3K36me3), is often mutated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). SETD2 mutation and/or loss of H3K36me3 is linked to metastasis and poor outcome in ccRCC patients. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major pathway that drives invasion and metastasis in various cancer types. Here, using novel kidney epithelial cell lines isogenic for SETD2, we discovered that SETD2 inactivation drives EMT and promotes migration, invasion, and stemness in a transforming growth factor-beta-independent manner. This newly identified EMT program is triggered in part through secreted factors, including cytokines and growth factors, and through transcriptional reprogramming. RNA-seq and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing uncovered key transcription factors upregulated upon SETD2 loss, including SOX2, POU2F2 (OCT2), and PRRX1, that could individually drive EMT and stemness phenotypes in SETD2 wild-type (WT) cells. Public expression data from SETD2 WT/mutant ccRCC support the EMT transcriptional signatures derived from cell line models. In summary, our studies reveal that SETD2 is a key regulator of EMT phenotypes through cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms that help explain the association between SETD2 loss and ccRCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchu Wang
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Ryan T. Wagner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Ryan A. Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Sungho Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science ResearchMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Jeong‐Heon Lee
- Epigenomics Development LaboratoryMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Huijun Luo
- Division of Hematology and OncologyMayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZUSA
| | | | | | - Thai H. Ho
- Division of Hematology and OncologyMayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZUSA
| | - Keith D. Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
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El Khoury LY, Pan X, Hlady RA, Wagner RT, Shaikh S, Wang L, Humphreys MR, Castle EP, Stanton ML, Ho TH, Robertson KD. Extensive intratumor regional epigenetic heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma targets kidney enhancers and is associated with poor outcome. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:71. [PMID: 37120552 PMCID: PMC10149001 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC), the 8th leading cause of cancer-related death in the US, is challenging to treat due to high level intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) and the paucity of druggable driver mutations. CcRCC is unusual for its high frequency of epigenetic regulator mutations, such as the SETD2 histone H3 lysine 36 trimethylase (H3K36me3), and low frequency of traditional cancer driver mutations. In this work, we examined epigenetic level ITH and defined its relationships with pathologic features, aspects of tumor biology, and SETD2 mutations. RESULTS A multi-region sampling approach coupled with EPIC DNA methylation arrays was conducted on a cohort of normal kidney and ccRCC. ITH was assessed using DNA methylation (5mC) and CNV-based entropy and Euclidian distances. We found elevated 5mC heterogeneity and entropy in ccRCC relative to normal kidney. Variable CpGs are highly enriched in enhancer regions. Using intra-class correlation coefficient analysis, we identified CpGs that segregate tumor regions according to clinical phenotypes related to tumor aggressiveness. SETD2 wild-type tumors overall possess greater 5mC and copy number ITH than SETD2 mutant tumor regions, suggesting SETD2 loss contributes to a distinct epigenome. Finally, coupling our regional data with TCGA, we identified a 5mC signature that links regions within a primary tumor with metastatic potential. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results reveal marked levels of epigenetic ITH in ccRCC that are linked to clinically relevant tumor phenotypes and could translate into novel epigenetic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Y El Khoury
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shafiq Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Erik P Castle
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Melissa L Stanton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Xie SQ, Leeke BJ, Whilding C, Wagner RT, Garcia-Llagostera F, Low Y, Chammas P, Cheung NTF, Dormann D, McManus MT, Percharde M. Nucleolar-based Dux repression is essential for embryonic two-cell stage exit. Genes Dev 2022; 36:331-347. [PMID: 35273077 PMCID: PMC8973846 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349172.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upon fertilization, the mammalian embryo must switch from dependence on maternal transcripts to transcribing its own genome, and in mice this involves the transient up-regulation of MERVL transposons and MERVL-driven genes at the two-cell stage. The mechanisms and requirement for MERVL and two-cell (2C) gene up-regulation are poorly understood. Moreover, this MERVL-driven transcriptional program must be rapidly shut off to allow two-cell exit and developmental progression. Here, we report that robust ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and nucleolar maturation are essential for exit from the 2C state. 2C-like cells and two-cell embryos show similar immature nucleoli with altered structure and reduced rRNA output. We reveal that nucleolar disruption via blocking RNA polymerase I activity or preventing nucleolar phase separation enhances conversion to a 2C-like state in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by detachment of the MERVL activator Dux from the nucleolar surface. In embryos, nucleolar disruption prevents proper nucleolar maturation and Dux silencing and leads to two- to four-cell arrest. Our findings reveal an intriguing link between rRNA synthesis, nucleolar maturation, and gene repression during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Q Xie
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony J Leeke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Whilding
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 91413, USA
| | - Ferran Garcia-Llagostera
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - YiXuan Low
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Chammas
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan T-F Cheung
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Dormann
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T McManus
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 91413, USA
| | - Michelle Percharde
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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El Khoury LY, Fu S, Hlady RA, Wagner RT, Wang L, Eckel-Passow JE, Castle EP, Stanton ML, Thompson RH, Parker AS, Ho TH, Robertson KD. Identification of DNA methylation signatures associated with poor outcome in lower-risk Stage, Size, Grade and Necrosis (SSIGN) score clear cell renal cell cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:12. [PMID: 33461589 PMCID: PMC7814746 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite using prognostic algorithms and standard surveillance guidelines, 17% of patients initially diagnosed with low risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) ultimately relapse and die of recurrent disease, indicating additional molecular parameters are needed for improved prognosis. RESULTS To address the gap in ccRCC prognostication in the lower risk population, we performed a genome-wide analysis for methylation signatures capable of distinguishing recurrent and non-recurrent ccRCCs within the subgroup classified as 'low risk' by the Mayo Clinic Stage, Size, Grade, and Necrosis score (SSIGN 0-3). This approach revealed that recurrent patients have globally hypermethylated tumors and differ in methylation significantly at 5929 CpGs. Differentially methylated CpGs (DMCpGs) were enriched in regulatory regions and genes modulating cell growth and invasion. A subset of DMCpGs stratified low SSIGN groups into high and low risk of recurrence in independent data sets, indicating that DNA methylation enhances the prognostic power of the SSIGN score. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a global DNA hypermethylation in tumors of recurrent ccRCC patients. Furthermore, DMCpGs were capable of discriminating between aggressive and less aggressive tumors, in addition to SSIGN score. Therefore, DNA methylation presents itself as a potentially strong biomarker to further improve prognostic power in patients with low risk SSIGN score (0-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Y El Khoury
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Epigenomics Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Epigenomics Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Epigenomics Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Epigenomics Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeanette E Eckel-Passow
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Erik P Castle
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa L Stanton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Alexander S Parker
- Office of Research Affairs, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E. Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. .,Center for Individualized Medicine, Epigenomics Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Wang L, Marek GW, Hlady RA, Wagner RT, Zhao X, Clark VC, Fan AX, Liu C, Brantly M, Robertson KD. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease, Mutational Homogeneity Modulated by Epigenetic Heterogeneity With Links to Obesity. Hepatology 2019; 70:51-66. [PMID: 30681738 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) liver disease is characterized by marked heterogeneity in presentation and progression, despite a common underlying gene mutation, strongly suggesting the involvement of other genetic and/or epigenetic modifiers. Variation in clinical phenotype has added to the challenge of detection, diagnosis, and testing of new therapies in patients with AATD. We examined the contribution of DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine [5mC]) to AATD liver disease heterogeneity because 5mC responds to environmental and genetic cues and its deregulation is a major driver of liver disease. Using liver biopsies from adults with early-stage AATD and the ZZ genotype, genome-wide 5mC patterns were interrogated. We compared DNA methylation among patients with early AATD, and among patients with normal liver, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma derived from multiple etiologic exposures, and linked patient clinical/demographic features. Global analysis revealed significant genomic hypomethylation in AATD liver-impacting genes related to liver cancer, cell cycle, and fibrosis, as well as key regulatory molecules influencing growth, migration, and immune function. Further analysis indicated that 5mC changes are localized, with hypermethylation occurring within a background of genome-wide 5mC loss and with patients with AATD manifesting distinct epigenetic landscapes despite their mutational homogeneity. By integrating clinical data with 5mC landscapes, we observed that CpGs differentially methylated among patients with AATD disease are linked to hallmark clinical features of AATD (e.g., hepatocyte degeneration and polymer accumulation) and further reveal links to well-known sex-specific effects of liver disease progression. Conclusion: Our data reveal molecular epigenetic signatures within this mutationally homogeneous group that point to ways to stratify patients for liver disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - George W Marek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Virginia C Clark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alex Xiucheng Fan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Mark Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for Individualized Medicine Epigenomics Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Wagner RT, Karisch BB, Blanton JR, Woolums A, Smith DR, Kaplan R. 95 Assessment of on-Arrival Vaccination and Deworming on Stocker Cattle Health and Growth Performance. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky027.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R T Wagner
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - B B Karisch
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - J R Blanton
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - A Woolums
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - D R Smith
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS
| | - R Kaplan
- Univeristy of Georgia, Athens, GA
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7
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Boettcher M, Tian R, Blau JA, Markegard E, Wagner RT, Wu D, Mo X, Biton A, Zaitlen N, Fu H, McCormick F, Kampmann M, McManus MT. Dual gene activation and knockout screen reveals directional dependencies in genetic networks. Nat Biotechnol 2018; 36:170-178. [PMID: 29334369 PMCID: PMC6072461 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the direction of information flow is essential for characterizing how genetic networks affect phenotypes. However, methods to find genetic interactions largely fail to reveal directional dependencies. We combine two orthogonal Cas9 proteins from Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus to carry out a dual screen in which one gene is activated while a second gene is deleted in the same cell. We analyse the quantitative effects of activation and knockout to calculate genetic interaction and directionality scores for each gene pair. Based on the results from over 100,000 perturbed gene pairs, we reconstruct a directional dependency network for human K562 leukemia cells and demonstrate how our approach allows the determination of directionality in activating genetic interactions. Our interaction network connects previously uncharacterised genes to well-studied pathways and identifies targets relevant for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Boettcher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ruilin Tian
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James A Blau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Evan Markegard
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiulei Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anne Biton
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI, USR 3756 Institut Pasteur et CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Frank McCormick
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco Diabetes Center, WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have several unique attributes, the two most important of which are they can differentiate into all cell types in the body and they can proliferate indefinitely. To study the regulation of these phenomena, we developed a regulatable in vivo biotinylation expression system in mouse ES cells. The E. coli biotin ligase gene BirA, whose protein product can biotinylate a 15-aa peptide sequence, called the AviTag, was cloned downstream of an IRES. The primary vector containing the doxycycline controlled transactivator gene tTA and IRES-BirA was knocked into the ROSA26 locus by homologous recombination. The secondary vector containing the AviTag tagged hKlf4 gene was exchanged into the ROSA26 locus using Cre recombinase. Western blot analysis showed that the doxycycline induced BirA protein can biotinylate the doxycycline induced AviTag tagged hKlf4 protein. The induction of hKlf4 repressed cell growth in the presence or absence of LIF. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using streptavidin beads showed that the AviTag tagged hKlf4 protein could enrich the Nanog enhancer. Our results suggested that the regulatable biotinylation system is promising for the gene function studies in mouse ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ryan T. Wagner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Austin J. Cooney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wagner RT, Cooney AJ. Minireview: the diverse roles of nuclear receptors in the regulation of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:864-78. [PMID: 23504955 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been devoted to the goal of understanding how a single cell of embryonic origin can give rise to every somatic cell type and the germ cell lineage, a hallmark defined as "pluripotency." The aggregate of this work supports fundamentally important roles for the gene transcription networks inherent to the pluripotent cell. Transcription networks have been identified that are both required for pluripotency, as well as sufficient to reprogram somatic cells to a naive pluripotent state. Several members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors have been identified to play diverse roles in the regulation of pluripotency. The ligand-responsive nature of NRs coupled with the abundance of genetic models available has led to a significant advance in the understanding of NR roles in embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Furthermore, the presence of a ligand-binding domain may lead to development of small molecules for a wide range of therapeutic and research applications, even in cases of NRs that are not known to respond to physiologic ligands. Presented here is an overview of NR regulation of pluripotency with a focus on the transcriptional, proteomic, and epigenetic mechanisms by which they promote or suppress the pluripotent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston TX 77030-3498, USA
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Wagner RT, Xu X, Yi F, Merrill BJ, Cooney AJ. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin regulation of liver receptor homolog-1 mediates pluripotency gene expression. Stem Cells 2011; 28:1794-804. [PMID: 20734354 PMCID: PMC2996860 DOI: 10.1002/stem.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delineating the signaling pathways that underlie ESC pluripotency is paramount for development of ESC applications in both the research and clinical settings. In culture pluripotency is maintained by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) stimulation of two separate signaling axes: Stat3/Klf4/Sox2 and PI3K/Tbx3/Nanog, which converge in the regulation of Oct4 expression. However, LIF signaling is not required in vivo for self-renewal, thus alternate signaling axes likely mediate these pathways. Additional factors that promote pluripotency gene expression have been identified, including the direct regulation of Oct4 by liver receptor homolog-1 (Lrh-1) and β-catenin regulation of Nanog. Here, we present genetic, molecular, and pharmacological studies identifying a signaling axis in which β-catenin promotes pluripotency gene expression in an Lrh-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, Lrh-1 was identified as a novel β-catenin target gene, and Lrh-1 regulation is required for maintaining proper levels of Oct4, Nanog, and Tbx3. Elucidation of this pathway provides an alternate mechanism by which the primary pluripotency axis may be regulated in vivo and may pave the way for small molecule applications to manipulate pluripotency or improve the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Wagner RT, Lewis J, Cooney A, Chan L. Stem cell approaches for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Transl Res 2010; 156:169-79. [PMID: 20801414 PMCID: PMC2935591 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by near total absence of pancreatic b cells. Current treatments consisting of insulin injections and islet transplantation are clinically unsatisfactory. In order to develop a cure for type 1 diabetes, we must find a way to reverse autoimmunity, which underlies b cell destruction, as well as an effective strategy to generate new b cells. This article reviews the different approaches that are being taken to produce new b cells. Much emphasis has been placed on selecting the right non-b cell population, either in vivo or in vitro, as the starting material. Different cell types, including adult stem cells, other types of progenitor cells in situ, and even differentiated cell populations, as well as embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, will require different methods for islet and b cell induction. We discussed the pros and cons of the different strategies that are being used to re-invent the pancreatic b cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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