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Cayetano-Salazar L, Nava-Tapia DA, Astudillo-Justo KD, Arizmendi-Izazaga A, Sotelo-Leyva C, Herrera-Martinez M, Villegas-Comonfort S, Navarro-Tito N. Flavonoids as regulators of TIMPs expression in cancer: Consequences, opportunities, and challenges. Life Sci 2022; 308:120932. [PMID: 36067841 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in patients worldwide, where invasion and metastasis are directly responsible for this statement. Although cancer therapy has progressed in recent years, current therapeutic approaches are ineffective due to toxicity and chemoresistance. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate other treatment options, and natural products are a promising alternative as they show antitumor properties in different study models. This review describes the regulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) expression and the role of flavonoids as molecules with the antitumor activity that targets TIMPs therapeutically. These inhibitors regulate tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover; they inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis and induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Data obtained in cell lines and in vivo models suggest that flavonoids are chemopreventive and cytotoxic against various types of cancer through several mechanisms. Flavonoids also regulate crucial signaling pathways such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor κB (NFκB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) involved in cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. All these data reposition flavonoids as excellent candidates for use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cayetano-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico
| | - Dania A Nava-Tapia
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico
| | - Kevin D Astudillo-Justo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico
| | - Adán Arizmendi-Izazaga
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico
| | - César Sotelo-Leyva
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico
| | - Mayra Herrera-Martinez
- Instituto de Farmacobiología, Universidad de la Cañada, Teotitlán de Flores Magón, OAX 68540, Mexico
| | - Sócrates Villegas-Comonfort
- División de Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, CDMX 05348, Mexico
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n, Chilpancingo, GRO 39090, Mexico.
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2
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Guzmán-Silva A, Martínez-Morales JC, Medina LDC, Romero-Ávila MT, Villegas-Comonfort S, Solís KH, García-Sáinz JA. Mutation of putative phosphorylation sites in the free fatty acid receptor 1: Effects on signaling, receptor phosphorylation, and internalization. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 545:111573. [PMID: 35065200 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 1 phosphorylation sites were studied using mutants, including a) a mutant with T215V in the third intracellular loop (3IL), b) another with changes in the carboxyl terminus (C-term): T287V, T293V, S298A, and c) a mutant with all of these changes (3IL/C-term). Agonist-induced increases in intracellular calcium were similar between cells expressing wild-type or mutant receptors. In contrast, agonist-induced FFA1 receptor phosphorylation was reduced in mutants compared to wild type. Phorbol ester-induced FFA1 receptor phosphorylation was rapid and robust in cells expressing the wild-type receptor and essentially abolished in the mutants. Agonist-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and receptor internalization were decreased in cells expressing the mutant receptors compared to those expressing the wild-type receptor. Our data suggest that the identified sites might participate in receptor phosphorylation, signaling, and internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Guzmán-Silva
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ap. Postal 70-600, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ap. Postal 70-600, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Medina
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, División de CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Ciudad de México, 09340, Mexico
| | - M Teresa Romero-Ávila
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ap. Postal 70-600, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Sócrates Villegas-Comonfort
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ap. Postal 70-600, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Karina Helivier Solís
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ap. Postal 70-600, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - J Adolfo García-Sáinz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ap. Postal 70-600, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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Flores-Espinoza E, Meizoso-Huesca A, Villegas-Comonfort S, Reyes-Cruz G, García-Sáinz JA. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid, phorbol myristate acetate, and insulin on the interaction of the FFA4 (short isoform) receptor with Rab proteins. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173595. [PMID: 32986985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were co-transfected with plasmids for the expression of mCherry fluorescent protein-tagged FFA4 receptors and the enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged Rab proteins involved in retrograde transport and recycling, to study their possible interaction through Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), under the action of agents that induce FFA4 receptor phosphorylation and internalization through different processes, i.e., the agonist, docosahexaenoic acid, the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate, and insulin. Data indicate that FFA4 receptor internalization varied depending on the agent that induced the process. Agonist activation (docosahexaenoic acid) induced an association with early endosomes (as suggested by interaction with Rab5) and rapid recycling to the plasma membrane (as indicated by receptor interaction with Rab4). More prolonged agonist stimulation also appears to allow the FFA4 receptors to interact with late endosomes (interaction with Rab9), slow recycling (interaction with Rab 11), and target to degradation (Rab7). Phorbol myristate acetate, triggered a rapid association with early endosomes (Rab5), slow recycling to the plasma membrane (Rab11), and some receptor degradation (Rab7). Insulin-induced FFA4 receptor internalization appears to be associated with interaction with early endosomes (Rab5) and late endosomes (Rab9) and fast and slow recycling to the plasma membrane (Rab4, Rab11). Additionally, we observed that agonist- and PMA-induced FFA4 internalization was markedly reduced by paroxetine, which suggests a possible role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Flores-Espinoza
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aldo Meizoso-Huesca
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sócrates Villegas-Comonfort
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Adolfo García-Sáinz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Juárez-Cruz JC, Zuñiga-Eulogio MD, Olea-Flores M, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Mendoza-Catalán MÁ, Ortuño-Pineda C, Moreno-Godínez ME, Villegas-Comonfort S, Padilla-Benavides T, Navarro-Tito N. Leptin induces cell migration and invasion in a FAK-Src-dependent manner in breast cancer cells. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1539-1552. [PMID: 31671408 PMCID: PMC6893313 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive neoplasia, and the second leading cause of the cancer deaths in women worldwide. Mammary tumorigenesis is severely linked to obesity, one potential connection is leptin. Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes, which contributes to the progression of breast cancer. Cell migration, metalloproteases secretion, and invasion are cellular processes associated with various stages of metastasis. These processes are regulated by the kinases FAK and Src. In this study, we utilized the breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 to determine the effect of leptin on FAK and Src kinases activation, cell migration, metalloprotease secretion, and invasion. We found that leptin activates FAK and Src and induces the localization of FAK to the focal adhesions. Interestingly, leptin promotes the activation of FAK through a Src- and STAT3-dependent canonical pathway. Specific inhibitors of FAK, Src and STAT3 showed that the effect exerted by leptin in cell migration in breast cancer cells is dependent on these proteins. Moreover, we established that leptin promotes the secretion of the extracellular matrix remodelers, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and invasion in a FAK and Src-dependent manner. Our findings strongly suggest that leptin promotes the development of a more aggressive invasive phenotype in mammary cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México
| | | | | | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México
| | | | | | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Guerrero, México
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Villegas-Comonfort S, Guzmán-Silva A, Romero-Ávila MT, Takei Y, Tsujimoto G, Hirasawa A, García-Sáinz JA. Receptor tyrosine kinase activation induces free fatty acid 4 receptor phosphorylation, β-arrestin interaction, and internalization. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 855:267-275. [PMID: 31078517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
FFA4 (Free Fatty Acid receptor 4, previously known as GPR120) is a G protein-coupled receptor that acts as a sensor of long-chain fatty acids, modulates metabolism, and whose dysfunction participates in endocrine disturbances. FFA4 is known to be phosphorylated and internalized in response to agonists and protein kinase C activation. In this paper report the modulation of this fatty acid receptor by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell-activation with growth factors (insulin, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-I, and platelet-derived growth factor) increases FFA4 phosphorylation in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. This effect was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, suggesting the involvement of these kinases in it. FFA4 phosphorylation did not alter agonist-induced FFA4 calcium signaling, but was associated with decreased ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, epidermal growth factor, and to a lesser extent, platelet-derived growth factor, induce receptor internalization. This action of insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and epidermal growth factor was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Additionally, cell treatment with these growth factors induced FFA4-β-arrestin coimmunoprecipitation. Our results evidenced cross-talk between receptor tyrosine kinases and FFA4 and suggest roles of protein kinase C and phosphoinositide 3-kinase in such a functional interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sócrates Villegas-Comonfort
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-248, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Guzmán-Silva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-248, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - M Teresa Romero-Ávila
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-248, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Yoshinori Takei
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University: Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Gozoh Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University: Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University: Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - J Adolfo García-Sáinz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 70-248, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico.
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Villegas-Comonfort S, Takei Y, Tsujimoto G, Hirasawa A, García-Sáinz JA. Effects of arachidonic acid on FFA4 receptor: Signaling, phosphorylation and internalization. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 117:1-10. [PMID: 28237082 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid increased intracellular calcium, in cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tagged human FFA4 receptors, with an EC50 of ~40µM. This action was not blocked by cyclooxygenase or lipoxigenase inhibitors but it was inhibited by AH7614, a FFA4 antagonist. Arachidonic acid induced ERK activation accompanied by EGF receptor transactivation. However, EGF transactivation was not the major mechanism through which the fatty acid induced ERK phosphorylation, as evidenced by the inability of AG1478 to block it. Arachidonic acid increased FFA4 receptor phosphorylation that reached its maximum within 15min with an EC50 of ~30µM; inhibitors of protein kinase C partially diminish this effect and AH7614 blocked it. Arachidonic acid induced rapid and sustained Akt/PKB phosphorylation and FFA4 - β-arrestin interaction. Confocal microscopy evidenced that FFA4 receptor activation and phosphorylation were associated to internalization. In conclusion, arachidonic acid is a bona fide FFA4 receptor agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Villegas-Comonfort
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ap., Postal 70-248, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Y Takei
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - G Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - A Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - J A García-Sáinz
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ap., Postal 70-248, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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