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Vilkov E, Byshevski-Konopko O, Kalyabin D, Nikitov SA. Gap electroacoustic waves in PT-symmetric piezoelectric heterostructure near the exceptional point. J Phys Condens Matter 2023. [PMID: 37406628 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ace48c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The spectral properties of gap electroacoustic waves in aPT-symmetric structure of piezoelectrics of symmetry class 6mm separated by a gap are theoretically investigated. The spectra were calculated for lead germanate (non-zero transverse piezoactivity) and barium titanate (symmetry class 4mm - zero transverse piezoactivity). It has been established that at a certain level of losses and gain in piezoelectrics, the symmetric and antisymmetric modes intersect. The intersection point determines the singular point of thePT-symmetric structure. Beyond this point, there is a violation of the symmetric and antisymmetric distribution of electric fields in the gap of the slotted structure of two identical piezoelectrics, which is confirmed by the calculation of the electric field profiles. It is shown that the dependence of the amplitude on the frequency at an exceptional point has an extremely narrow resonance peak, which opens up the possibility of creating supersensitive sensors based onPT-symmetric physical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Vilkov
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics, Fryazino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedensky Sq. 1, Fryazino, Moscow Region, 141120, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Oleg Byshevski-Konopko
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics, Fryazino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedensky Sq. 1, Fryazino, Moscow Region, 141120, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Dmitry Kalyabin
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11-7 Mokhovaya Street, Moscow, 125009, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - S A Nikitov
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 11-7 Mokhovaya Street, Moscow, 125009, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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2
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Dai T, Kalyabin DV, Nikitov SA. Hypersonic magnetoelastic waves in inhomogeneous structures. Ultrasonics 2022; 121:106656. [PMID: 34995848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the propagation of surface magnetoelastic waves in a inhomogeneous structure containing ferromagnetic layer of smooth and slowly variable thickness. The dispersion relation of magnetoelastic waves and the wave attenuation due to the thickness variation in the studied structure were analytically obtained. We found that the magnetoelastic resonance frequency is changed at different positions in this structure. Then proposed the idea of modifying the magnetic field to control the magnetoelastic resonance region, and finally considered the possible applications of this structure for signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dai
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Instituskij per., Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - D V Kalyabin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Instituskij per., Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow Region, Russia; Kotelnikov Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of RAS, 11-7 Mokhovaya Street, Moscow, 125009, Russia; HSE University, Myasnitskaya street 20, Moscow, 101000, Russia.
| | - S A Nikitov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Instituskij per., Dolgoprudny, 141700, Moscow Region, Russia; Kotelnikov Institute of Radio-Engineering and Electronics of RAS, 11-7 Mokhovaya Street, Moscow, 125009, Russia; Saratov State University, 112 Bol'shaya Kazach'ya, Saratov, 410012, Russia
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Barman A, Gubbiotti G, Ladak S, Adeyeye AO, Krawczyk M, Gräfe J, Adelmann C, Cotofana S, Naeemi A, Vasyuchka VI, Hillebrands B, Nikitov SA, Yu H, Grundler D, Sadovnikov AV, Grachev AA, Sheshukova SE, Duquesne JY, Marangolo M, Csaba G, Porod W, Demidov VE, Urazhdin S, Demokritov SO, Albisetti E, Petti D, Bertacco R, Schultheiss H, Kruglyak VV, Poimanov VD, Sahoo S, Sinha J, Yang H, Münzenberg M, Moriyama T, Mizukami S, Landeros P, Gallardo RA, Carlotti G, Kim JV, Stamps RL, Camley RE, Rana B, Otani Y, Yu W, Yu T, Bauer GEW, Back C, Uhrig GS, Dobrovolskiy OV, Budinska B, Qin H, van Dijken S, Chumak AV, Khitun A, Nikonov DE, Young IA, Zingsem BW, Winklhofer M. The 2021 Magnonics Roadmap. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:413001. [PMID: 33662946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abec1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnonics is a budding research field in nanomagnetism and nanoscience that addresses the use of spin waves (magnons) to transmit, store, and process information. The rapid advancements of this field during last one decade in terms of upsurge in research papers, review articles, citations, proposals of devices as well as introduction of new sub-topics prompted us to present the first roadmap on magnonics. This is a collection of 22 sections written by leading experts in this field who review and discuss the current status besides presenting their vision of future perspectives. Today, the principal challenges in applied magnonics are the excitation of sub-100 nm wavelength magnons, their manipulation on the nanoscale and the creation of sub-micrometre devices using low-Gilbert damping magnetic materials and its interconnections to standard electronics. To this end, magnonics offers lower energy consumption, easier integrability and compatibility with CMOS structure, reprogrammability, shorter wavelength, smaller device features, anisotropic properties, negative group velocity, non-reciprocity and efficient tunability by various external stimuli to name a few. Hence, despite being a young research field, magnonics has come a long way since its early inception. This roadmap asserts a milestone for future emerging research directions in magnonics, and hopefully, it will inspire a series of exciting new articles on the same topic in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Barman
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Gianluca Gubbiotti
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali del Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche (IOM-CNR), Perugia, Italy
| | - S Ladak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - A O Adeyeye
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, United Kingdom
| | - M Krawczyk
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Gräfe
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - S Cotofana
- Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - A Naeemi
- Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America
| | - V I Vasyuchka
- Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - B Hillebrands
- Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - S A Nikitov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
| | - H Yu
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brian Computing, Beihang University, People's Republic of China
| | - D Grundler
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, Institute of Materials (IMX), Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - A V Sadovnikov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory 'Magnetic Metamaterials', Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - A A Grachev
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory 'Magnetic Metamaterials', Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - S E Sheshukova
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory 'Magnetic Metamaterials', Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - J-Y Duquesne
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - M Marangolo
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - G Csaba
- Pázmány University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - W Porod
- University of Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - V E Demidov
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Urazhdin
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - S O Demokritov
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - D Petti
- Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - H Schultheiss
- Helmholtz-Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - S Sahoo
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - J Sinha
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - H Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Münzenberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Moriyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- Centre for Spintronics Research Network, Japan
| | - S Mizukami
- Centre for Spintronics Research Network, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - P Landeros
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago, Chile
| | - R A Gallardo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago, Chile
| | - G Carlotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CNR Instituto Nanoscienze, Modena, Italy
| | - J-V Kim
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - R L Stamps
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - R E Camley
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, United States of America
| | | | - Y Otani
- RIKEN, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Yu
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - T Yu
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G E W Bauer
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Groningen University, The Netherlands
| | - C Back
- Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - G S Uhrig
- Technical University Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - B Budinska
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Qin
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - S van Dijken
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - A V Chumak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Khitun
- University of California Riverside, United States of America
| | - D E Nikonov
- Components Research, Intel, Hillsboro, Oregon, United States of America
| | - I A Young
- Components Research, Intel, Hillsboro, Oregon, United States of America
| | - B W Zingsem
- The University of Duisburg-Essen, CENIDE, Germany
| | - M Winklhofer
- The Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany
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4
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Ognev AV, Kolesnikov AG, Kim YJ, Cha IH, Sadovnikov AV, Nikitov SA, Soldatov IV, Talapatra A, Mohanty J, Mruczkiewicz M, Ge Y, Kerber N, Dittrich F, Virnau P, Kläui M, Kim YK, Samardak AS. Magnetic Direct-Write Skyrmion Nanolithography. ACS Nano 2020; 14:14960-14970. [PMID: 33152236 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are stable spin textures with quasi-particle behavior and attract significant interest in fundamental and applied physics. The metastability of magnetic skyrmions at zero magnetic field is particularly important to enable, for instance, a skyrmion racetrack memory. Here, the results of the nucleation of stable skyrmions and formation of ordered skyrmion lattices by magnetic force microscopy in (Pt/CoFeSiB/W)n multilayers, exploiting the additive effect of the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, are presented. The appropriate conditions under which skyrmion lattices are confined with a dense two-dimensional liquid phase are identified. A crucial parameter to control the skyrmion lattice characteristics and the number of scans resulting in the complete formation of a skyrmion lattice is the distance between two adjacent scanning lines of a magnetic force microscopy probe. The creation of skyrmion patterns with complex geometry is demonstrated, and the physical mechanism of direct magnetic writing of skyrmions is comprehended by micromagnetic simulations. This study shows a potential of a direct-write (maskless) skyrmion (topological) nanolithography with sub-100 nm resolution, where each skyrmion acts as a pixel in the final topological image.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Ognev
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - A G Kolesnikov
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - A V Sadovnikov
- Laboratory "Metamaterials", Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - S A Nikitov
- Laboratory "Metamaterials", Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - I V Soldatov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Material Research (IFW-Dresden), Dresden 01069, Germany
- Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematic, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620075, Russia
| | - A Talapatra
- Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 502285, India
| | - J Mohanty
- Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 502285, India
| | - M Mruczkiewicz
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, SAS, Bratislava 841 04, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 11, Slovakia
| | - Y Ge
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - N Kerber
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - F Dittrich
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - P Virnau
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - M Kläui
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Young Keun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - A S Samardak
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
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5
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Gusev NS, Sadovnikov AV, Nikitov SA, Sapozhnikov MV, Udalov OG. Manipulation of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction in Co/Pt Multilayers with Strain. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:157202. [PMID: 32357040 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.157202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) is experimentally investigated in Pt/Co/Pt multilayer films under strain. A strong variation (from 0.1 to 0.8 mJ/m^{2}) of the DMI constant is demonstrated at ±0.1% in-plane uniaxial deformation of the films. The anisotropic strain induces strong DMI anisotropy. The DMI constant perpendicular to the strain direction changes sign, while the constant along the strain direction does not. Estimates show that the DMI can be controlled with an electric field in hybrid ferroelectric-ferromagnetic systems. So, the observed effect opens the way to control the DMI and eventually skyrmions with a voltage via a strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Gusev
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - A V Sadovnikov
- Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics RAS, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - S A Nikitov
- Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics RAS, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - M V Sapozhnikov
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - O G Udalov
- Institute for Physics of Microstructures RAS, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 91330, USA
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Barabanenkov YN, Barabanenkov MY, Nikitov SA. Exact equations for averaged electromagnetic field and its fluctuations at wave multiple scattering by plane periodic array of magnetic microelements. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:485801. [PMID: 30406768 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae7b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic wave (EM) multiple scattering by a plane periodic array of magnetic microelements in free space is considered analytically by natural subdividing of the EM wave into the averaged and fluctuation components. Each magnetic element is characterized by magnetic susceptibility tensor and shape. An exact Dyson integral equation is derived for the magnetic field Floquet-Bloch amplitude in-plane averaged over an array unit cell. The mass operator of the Dyson equation is expressed via the T-scattering operator of the array unit cell that satisfies a type of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. We showed that magnetic field fluctuations are generated by the Bragg-Laue diffraction of an averaged magnetic field on the periodic array and are described inside the array as waves propagating with the Laue wave vectors equal to the difference between the in-plane wave vector of the incident magnetic field and the reciprocal lattice wave vector. We derived, for the first time, an exact quadrature to calculate magnetic field fluctuations from their averaged value. These general results are illustrated by a simple Born approximation. In particular, we revealed a mechanism of discrete waveguide excitation by an incident plane EM wave via the averaged EM wave Brag-Laue diffraction on the magnetic microelement array in the quasi-static approach when the wavelength of incident EM is much larger than the sizes of magnetic elements and periods of the array. The mode energy excitation coefficient at normal incidence of the plane EM wave on the array is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu N Barabanenkov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Science (RAS), Moscow, Russia
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7
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Sadovnikov AV, Grachev AA, Sheshukova SE, Sharaevskii YP, Serdobintsev AA, Mitin DM, Nikitov SA. Magnon Straintronics: Reconfigurable Spin-Wave Routing in Strain-Controlled Bilateral Magnetic Stripes. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:257203. [PMID: 29979084 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.257203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We observe and explain theoretically strain-induced spin-wave routing in the bilateral composite multilayer. By means of Brillouin light scattering and microwave spectroscopy, we study the spin-wave transport across three adjacent magnonic stripes, which are strain coupled to a piezoelectric layer. The strain may effectively induce voltage-controlled dipolar spin-wave interactions. We experimentally demonstrate the basic features of the voltage-controlled spin-wave switching. We show that the spin-wave characteristics can be tuned with an electrical field due to piezoelectricity and magnetostriction of the piezolayer and layered composite and mechanical coupling between them. Our experimental observations agree with numerical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sadovnikov
- Laboratory "Metamaterials," Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia and Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, RAS, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - A A Grachev
- Laboratory "Metamaterials," Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - S E Sheshukova
- Laboratory "Metamaterials," Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Yu P Sharaevskii
- Laboratory "Metamaterials," Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - A A Serdobintsev
- Laboratory "Metamaterials," Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | | | - S A Nikitov
- Laboratory "Metamaterials," Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia and Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, RAS, Moscow 125009, Russia
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Zeissler K, Mruczkiewicz M, Finizio S, Raabe J, Shepley PM, Sadovnikov AV, Nikitov SA, Fallon K, McFadzean S, McVitie S, Moore TA, Burnell G, Marrows CH. Pinning and hysteresis in the field dependent diameter evolution of skyrmions in Pt/Co/Ir superlattice stacks. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15125. [PMID: 29123144 PMCID: PMC5680206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have imaged Néel skyrmion bubbles in perpendicularly magnetised polycrystalline multilayers patterned into 1 µm diameter dots, using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy. The skyrmion bubbles can be nucleated by the application of an external magnetic field and are stable at zero field with a diameter of 260 nm. Applying an out of plane field that opposes the magnetisation of the skyrmion bubble core moment applies pressure to the bubble and gradually compresses it to a diameter of approximately 100 nm. On removing the field the skyrmion bubble returns to its original diameter via a hysteretic pathway where most of the expansion occurs in a single abrupt step. This contradicts analytical models of homogeneous materials in which the skyrmion compression and expansion are reversible. Micromagnetic simulations incorporating disorder can explain this behaviour using an effective thickness modulation between 10 nm grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zeissler
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - M Mruczkiewicz
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - S Finizio
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J Raabe
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P M Shepley
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - A V Sadovnikov
- Laboratory "Metamaterials", Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russia.,Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - S A Nikitov
- Laboratory "Metamaterials", Saratov State University, Saratov, 410012, Russia.,Kotel'nikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 125009, Russia
| | - K Fallon
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S McFadzean
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S McVitie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - T A Moore
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - G Burnell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - C H Marrows
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Ustimchik VE, Rissanen J, Popov SM, Chamorovskii YK, Nikitov SA. Anisotropic tapered polarization-maintaining large mode area optical fibers. Opt Express 2017; 25:10693-10703. [PMID: 28468440 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel type of tapered large mode area polarization-maintaining fiber. These birefringent fibers have an elliptical inner cladding and a core diameter that increases adiabatically from 8 µm to 70 µm. The polarization maintaining ability of the fiber samples was investigated by measuring the spatial distribution of polarization beat length by using optical frequency-domain reflectometry. The measurements show a clear correlation between the birefringence and the fiber core size, resulting in a modest 10-15% variation in polarization beat length along the fiber. There is no significant coupling of polarization modes or transverse modes in the tested fibers and, therefore, the linear polarization state of propagating light is preserved.
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10
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Antsiperov VE, Morozov VA, Nikitov SA. Segmentation of isolated words based on dynamics of parameters of short correlation functions. Pattern Recognit Image Anal 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1054661807040116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Gulyaev YV, Barabanenkov YN, Barabanenkov MY, Nikitov SA. Optical theorem for electromagnetic field scattering by dielectric structures and energy emission from the evanescent wave. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:026602. [PMID: 16196730 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.026602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an optical theorem for evanescent (near field) electromagnetic wave scattering by a dielectric structure. The derivation is based on the formalism of angular spectrum wave amplitudes and block scattering matrix. The optical theorem shows that an energy flux is emitted in the direction of the evanescent wave decay upon scattering. The energy emission effect from an evanescent wave is illustrated in two examples of evanescent wave scattering, first, by the electrical dipole and, second, one-dimensional grating with line-like rulings. Within the latter example, we show that an emitted energy flux upon evanescent wave scattering can travel through a dielectric structure even if the structure has a forbidden gap in the transmission spectrum of incident propagating waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu V Gulyaev
- Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125009 Moscow, Russia
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Boyle JW, Nikitov SA, Boardman AD, Booth JG, Booth K. Nonlinear self-channeling and beam shaping of magnetostatic waves in ferromagnetic films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:12173-12181. [PMID: 9982847 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bespyatykh YI, Dikshtein IE, Nikitov SA, Boardman AD. Nonlinear self-localized dipole-exchange surface spin waves on ferromagnetic media. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:13435-13441. [PMID: 9975536 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Boardman AD, Nikitov SA, Waby NA. Existence of spin-wave solitons in an antiferromagnetic film. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:13602-13606. [PMID: 10007760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Boardman AD, Nikitov SA. Three- and four-magnon decay of nonlinear surface magnetostatic waves in thin ferromagnetic films. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 38:11444-11451. [PMID: 9946024 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.11444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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