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Moorsom T, Rogers M, Scivetti I, Bandaru S, Teobaldi G, Valvidares M, Flokstra M, Lee S, Stewart R, Prokscha T, Gargiani P, Alosaimi N, Stefanou G, Ali M, Al Ma’Mari F, Burnell G, Hickey BJ, Cespedes O. Reversible spin storage in metal oxide-fullerene heterojunctions. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax1085. [PMID: 32219155 PMCID: PMC7083605 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that hybrid MnOx/C60 heterojunctions can be used to design a storage device for spin-polarized charge: a spin capacitor. Hybridization at the carbon-metal oxide interface leads to spin-polarized charge trapping after an applied voltage or photocurrent. Strong electronic structure changes, including a 1-eV energy shift and spin polarization in the C60 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, are then revealed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy, in agreement with density functional theory simulations. Muon spin spectroscopy measurements give further independent evidence of local spin ordering and magnetic moments optically/electronically stored at the heterojunctions. These spin-polarized states dissipate when shorting the electrodes. The spin storage decay time is controlled by magnetic ordering at the interface, leading to coherence times of seconds to hours even at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Moorsom
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M. Rogers
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - I. Scivetti
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England
| | - S. Bandaru
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - G. Teobaldi
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, England
- Beijing Computational Science Research Centre, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - M. Valvidares
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, E-08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Flokstra
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - S. Lee
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - R. Stewart
- School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK
| | - T. Prokscha
- Laboratory for Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. Gargiani
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, E-08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - N. Alosaimi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - G. Stefanou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M. Ali
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - F. Al Ma’Mari
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Department of Physics, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, 123 Muscat, Oman
| | - G. Burnell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - B. J. Hickey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - O. Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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Sano T, Ishigami S, Bandaru S, Ito T, Sano S. P5387CRISPR/dCas9 Activated Expression of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Factors in CDCs in Myocardial Infarctions. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Existing therapies against myocardial infarction (MI) involve disease management by preventing additional damage to the heart muscle. However, new treatment strategies are in greater demand, which deems to focus on restoring cardiac function by replacing the damaged cells after MI, rather than merely manage the disease. Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) have emerged as a potential source of cardiac regenerative therapy. In spite of being a promising option, the poor differentiation potential of CDCs to develop into a functional population of cardiomyocytes has always been a significant setback.
Purpose
The purpose of the present study centers to overcome the aforementioned setback by enhancing the efficiency of rat CDCs to develop into a large population of cardiomyocytes by intrinsic activation of cardio-specific differentiation factors (TNNT2, GATA4, Mef2c) by Crispr/dcas9 assisted transcriptional enhancement system.
Methods
In the foremost step, an exhaustive screening was performed to identify the specific sequences in endogenous regulatory regions (enhancers and promoters) responsible for transcriptional activation of the TNNT2 gene. Once, potential regulatory regions at proximal and distal end of TNNT2 were identified, crRNAs were designed complementing these regions for recruiting Crispr/dcas9 system fused with transcriptional activator like VP64 (CRISPR-dCas9-VP64). Two distinct plasmids were constructed with crRNA (RFP fused) inserts and CRISPR-dCas9-VP64 (GFP fused) followed by transfection in CDCs those isolated from the heart of a neonatal rat. Post transfection, CDCs were then analyzed for the quantitative expression of cardiomyocyte differentiation factors as well as for fibroblast differentiation factors in comparison with un-transfected CDCs.
Results
We identified a panel of specific crRNA targeting the enhancers and promoters which demonstrated significantly higher expression of differentiation factors like troponin, GATA4, and Mef2c. Further, the fluorescent visualization with GFP and RFP was prominent in the CDCs confirming that these panel of crRNA enhanced the expression of differentiation factors compared to the un-transfected counterparts. Interestingly, the same panel crRNA, in contrast, demonstrated diminished expression of fibroblast differentiation factors like Col1A1, clearly emphasizing that the CRISPR dCas9 system recruitment at regulatory regions forms an efficient molecular targeting system for enhancing the differentiation potential of CDCs into cardiomyocytes.
Conclusion
We have identified endogenous regulatory regions responsible for an intrinsic activation of cardio-specific differentiation factors assisted by Crispr/dcas9 gene transcriptional system. We anticipate the method developed herein can enhance and cardiomyogenic efficiency of CDCs to differentiate into a large population of cardiomyocytes to treat Ischemic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sano
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - S Ishigami
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
| | - S Bandaru
- Okayama University Hospital, Public Health, Okayama, Japan
| | - T Ito
- Okayama University Hospital, Public Health, Okayama, Japan
| | - S Sano
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States of America
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Gnanaprakasam M, Saranya G, Bandaru S, English NJ, Senthilkumar K. Atmospheric oxidation mechanism and kinetics of 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline by OH radicals - a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21109-21127. [PMID: 31528950 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04271g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline (BNA) is identified as a domestic-dust pollutant in urban environments, with deleterious atmospheric effects. In the present work, we studied the reaction pathways and kinetics for BNA oxidation by the OH radical using quantum-chemical methods and canonical-variational transition-state theory with small-curvature tunneling correction (CVT/SCT). OH-radial-mediated BNA oxidation was studied by considering OH addition to carbon atoms (C1 to C6) of BNA and H-atom abstraction at the -NH2 group and carbon atoms (C3 and C5) of BNA by OH radicals. It is observed that an OH-addition reaction is energetically more favorable. In addition, the rate constant was calculated for the favorable initial OH-addition reactions over the temperature range of 278 to 1000 K. The subsequent reactions for the favorable BNA-OH adduct intermediate with O2, HO2 and NO radicals are studied. We have identified the following possible end products from this BNA-oxidation reaction: (i) 2-amino-3-bromo-6-hydroperoxy-5-methyl-1-nitro-cyclohexa-2,4 dienol, (ii) 2-amino-1-bromo-6-hydroperoxy-5-methyl-3-nitro-cyclohexa-2,4-dienol, (iii) 2-amino-1-bromo-6-hydroperoxy-5-methyl-3-nitro-cyclohexa-2,4-dienol, (iv) 3-amino-4-bromo-4-hydroperoxy-8-methyl-2-nitro-6,7-dioxa-bicyclo oct-2-en-8-ol, (v) 2-amino-1-bromo-6-hydroperoxy-5-methyl-3-nitro-cyclohexa-2,4-dienol, and (vi) 3-amino-2-bromo-8-methyl-4-nitro-6,7-dioxa-bicyclo oct-3-ene-2,8-diol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, India.
| | - G Saranya
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - S Bandaru
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - N J English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - K Senthilkumar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, India.
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De Luca R, Park D, Bandaru S, Arrigoni E. 0133 OREXIN MEDIATES FEED-FORWARD INHIBITION OF VLPO SLEEP-ACTIVE NEURONS - A MECHANISM FOR CONTROLLING AROUSAL. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bandaru S, Zhou AX, Rouhi P, Zhang Y, Bergo MO, Cao Y, Akyürek LM. Targeting filamin B induces tumor growth and metastasis via enhanced activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and secretion of VEGF-A. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e119. [PMID: 25244493 PMCID: PMC4183982 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamins regulate cell locomotion and associate with diverse signaling molecules. We have recently found that targeting filamin A (FLNA) reduces RAS-induced lung adenocarcinomas. In this study, we explored the role of another major filamin isoform, filamin B (FLNB), in tumor development. In contrast to FLNA, we report that targeting FLNB enhances RAS-induced tumor growth and metastasis which is associated with higher matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Flnb deficiency in mouse embryonic fibroblasts results in increased proteolytic activity of MMP-9 and cell invasion mediated by the RAS/ERK pathway. Similarly, silencing FLNB in multiple human cancer cells increases the proteolytic activity of MMP-9 and tumor cell invasion. Furthermore, we observed that Flnb-deficient RAS-induced tumors display more capillary structures that is correlated with increased vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) secretion. Inhibition of ERK activation blocks phorbol myristate acetate-induced MMP-9 activity and VEGF-A secretion in vitro. In addition, silencing FLNB in human ovarian cancer cells increases secretion of VEGF-A that induces endothelial cells to form more vascular structures in vitro. We conclude that FLNB suppresses tumor growth and metastasis by regulating the activity of MMP-9 and secretion of VEGF-A which is mediated by the RAS/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bandaru
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A-X Zhou
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - P Rouhi
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M O Bergo
- The Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Y Cao
- 1] Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - L M Akyürek
- 1] Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden [2] Department of Clinical Pathology and Genetics, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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