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Fan GH, Zhang T, Lai SJ, Feng LZ, Yang WZ. [Progress and challenge in intelligent syndromic surveillance for infectious diseases]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:1338-1343. [PMID: 37743263 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230320-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent syndromic surveillance is an important part of multi-point triggering and multi-channel surveillance system of intelligent early warning of infectious diseases in China, and an inevitable development process of traditional syndromic surveillance as the constant emergence of new technologies. Intelligent syndromic surveillance collects not only the medical data of patients seeking medical care in hospitals but also massive non-medical information. However, along with its rapid development, challenges in intelligent syndromic surveillance have emerged, such as information explosion, cost-effective balance, information sharing, data security and privacy. This paper summarizes the concept and development of intelligent syndromic surveillance to provide references for the method and technique development of intelligent early warning of infectious diseases and new thought for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in China and in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Fan
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100730, China Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
| | - T Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100730, China Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
| | - S J Lai
- World Pop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - L Z Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100730, China Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W Z Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Beijing 100730, China Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (Peking Union Medical College), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100730, China
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Zhang XX, Feng LZ, Lai SJ, Ma LB, Zhang T, Yang J, Wang Q, Yang WZ. [Research progress on early warning model of influenza]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2022; 56:1576-1583. [PMID: 36372747 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220719-00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. It usually exhibits seasonal transmission, but the novel influenza strain can lead to a pandemic with severe human health and socioeconomic consequences. Early warning of influenza epidemic is an important strategy and means for influenza prevention and control. On the basis of reviewing the main influenza surveillance and early warning systems, this study summarizes the principles, applications, advantages and disadvantages, and development prospects of common influenza early warning models, in order to provide reference for research and application of early warning technology for influenza and other acute respiratory infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Z Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - S J Lai
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - L B Ma
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
| | - T Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Q Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W Z Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Lai SJ, Feng LZ, Leng ZW, Lyu X, Li RY, Yin L, Luo W, Li ZJ, Lan YJ, Yang WZ. [Summary and prospect of early warning models and systems for infectious disease outbreaks]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1330-1335. [PMID: 34404153 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210512-00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the basic principles and models of early warning for infectious disease outbreaks, introduces the early warning systems for infectious disease based on different data sources and their applications, and discusses the application potential of big data and their analysing techniques, which have been studied and used in the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic, including internet inquiry, social media, mobile positioning, in the early warning of infectious diseases in order to provide reference for the establishment of an intelligent early warning mechanism and platform for infectious diseases based on multi-source big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Lai
- World Pop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - L Z Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Z W Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X Lyu
- College of Systems Engineering, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - R Y Li
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo NO-0316, Norway
| | - L Yin
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technologies, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - W Luo
- Geography Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570, Singapore
| | - Z J Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y J Lan
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Z Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Sun YM, Wu H, Lin JH, Lai SJ, Tong ZD, Zheng JH. [Summary of experience in prevention and control management of electronic nasopharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy during the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 55:1169-1171. [PMID: 33342134 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200228-00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y M Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the 73rd Military Hospital of the Army and the Affiliated Successful Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the 73rd Military Hospital of the Army and the Affiliated Successful Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - J H Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the 73rd Military Hospital of the Army and the Affiliated Successful Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - S J Lai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the 73rd Military Hospital of the Army and the Affiliated Successful Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Z D Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the 73rd Military Hospital of the Army and the Affiliated Successful Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - J H Zheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the 73rd Military Hospital of the Army and the Affiliated Successful Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
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Yang WZ, Lan YJ, Lyu W, Leng ZW, Feng LZ, Lai SJ, Ye CC, Wang Q. [Establishment of multi-point trigger and multi-channel surveillance mechanism for intelligent early warning of infectious diseases in China]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020; 41:1753-1757. [PMID: 32746606 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200722-00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the limitations of current infectious disease surveillance and early warning system in China, analyzes the concepts and countermeasures of the establishment of an intelligent early warning platform of infectious diseases based on multi-point trigger mechanism and multi-channel surveillance mechanism and proposes the realization routes for the purpose of facilitating capacity building and improvement of surveillance and early warning of infectious diseases in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y J Lan
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Lyu
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Z W Leng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Z Feng
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - S J Lai
- World Pop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO163ZG, UK
| | - C C Ye
- Department of Infectious Disease Control and Disinfection Management, Shanghai Pudong New District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Q Wang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Yang LQ, Zhang K, Wu QY, Li J, Lai SJ, Song TZ, Zhang M. Identification of two novel single nucleotide polymorphism sites in the Myostatin (MSTN) gene and their association with carcass traits in meat-type rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). World Rabbit Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2019.10610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
<p>Two unknown single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in exons 1 (c.194C>T) and 2 (c.445T>A) of meat-type rabbit <em>MSTN</em> gene were identified in the study. Our objective was to analyse the population genetics structure of the two novel SNP sites in 230 individuals from six breeds and their associations with carcass traits of rabbits. We found that live body weight (BW), cold carcass weight (CCW), reference carcass weight (RCW), CCW percentage (P<sub>CCW</sub>) and RCW percentage (P<sub>RCW</sub>) of the rabbits with the genotype CC at the c.194C>T of exon 1 or AA at the c.445T>A of exon 2 were significantly higher than those with other genotypes. Diplotype significantly affected BW, RCW, CCW, P<sub>RCW</sub> (<em>P</em><0.01) and P<sub>CCW</sub> and P<sub>CM</sub> (<em>P</em><0.05). CC/AA was the advantageous diplotype for BW, RCW, CCW and P<sub>CM</sub>, and TT/AA was the advantageous diplotype for P<sub>CCW</sub> and P<sub>RCW</sub>. In contrast, TT/TT was the negative diplotype for BW, CCW, RCW, P<sub>CCW</sub> and P<sub>RCW</sub>, and TT/AA was the negative diplotype for P<sub>CM</sub>. The results suggest that the two new mutations of <em>MSTN</em> gene significantly affected BW, CCW, RCW, P<sub>CCW</sub> and P<sub>RCW</sub> of rabbits, and <em>MSTN</em> may be an important candidate gene of carcass traits in meat-type rabbits.</p>
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Jiang H, Qin Y, Zheng JD, Peng ZB, Feng LZ, Wang W, Lai SJ, Yu HJ. [Comparison of epidemiological characteristics of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in five countries of Asia and Africa]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 52:661-667. [PMID: 29886690 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand characteristics of demographic, seasonal and spatial distribution of H5N1 cases in major countries of Asia (Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, China) and Africa (Egypt). Methods: Through searching public data resource and published papers, we collected cases information in five countries from May 1st, 1997 to November 6th, 2017, including general characteristics, diagnosis, onset and exposure history, etc. Different characteristics of survived and death cases in different countries were described and χ(2) test was used to compare the differences among death cases and odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI value was used to compare death risk in different countries. Results: A total of 856 cases were reported in five countries with Egypt had the most cases (44.3%). The highest number of cases were reported in 2015 (18.3%). 53% cases were reported from January to March, and 96.1% of cases had the history of poultry exposure. 64.2% (43 cases) cases in China had live poultry market exposure, but the sick/dead poultry exposure was the major exposure for cases in other four countries. 452 death cases were reported in five countries, and the fatality rate was 52.8%. With Egypt as the reference group, the highest death risk was seen in Indonesia (OR (95%CI): 11.52 (7.46-17.77)), followed by Cambodia (OR (95%CI): 4.27(2.37-7.69)) and China (OR (95%CI): 2.87 (1.73-4.74)). The age distribution of death cases among 5 countries was statistically significant, and the highest fatality rate was in 15-54 years group in Egypt (83.6%, 102 cases), while in Cambodia the highest fatality rate was in 0-14 years group (76.9%, 30 cases). The highest number of deaths were reported in 2006, and 48.3% were reported from January to March. There was difference in exposure routes among 5 countries (χ(2)=43.85, P=0.001), 63.2% (24 cases) of the death cases in China had live poultry market exposure. 92.9% (79 cases), 83.3% (40 cases) and 100.0% (38 cases) death cases in Indonesia, Vietnam and Camodia had sick/dead poultry exposure, respectively;and 81.6% (31 cases) of the death cases in Egypt had backyard poultry exposure. Conclusion: The geographical distribution, seasonal age, gender, exposure matter and outcome of H5N1 cases in five countries were different.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Zhang ZK, Lai SJ, Yu JX, Yang WQ, Wang X, Jing HQ, Li ZJ, Yang WZ. [Epidemiological characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among diarrhea outpatients in China, 2012-2015]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:419-423. [PMID: 28468055 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia (E.) coli (DEC) among diarrhea outpatients in China. Methods: Diarrhea surveillance program was conducted in outpatient and emergency departments from 170 hospitals that under the sentinel programs in 27 provinces, from 2012-2015. Clinical and epidemiological data regarding diarrhea patients were collected, with fecal specimens sampled and tested for DEC in 92 network-connected laboratories. Results: Among all the 46 721 diarrhea cases, 7.7% of them appeared DEC positive in those with geographic heterogeneity. In 2 982 cases (6.4%) with available data on PCR subtypes of DEC, enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC, 1 205 cases, 40.4%) appeared the most commonly seen pathogens, followed by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC, 815 cases, 27.3%), and enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC, 653 cases, 21.9%). The highest positive rate of DEC was observed in outpatients of 25-34 years old (10.1%), living in the warm temperate zones (11.1%), and with mucous-like stool (9.4%). The positive rate of DEC showed a strong seasonal pattern, with peaks in summer, for all the subtypes. Conclusions: DEC seemed easy to be detected among diarrhea outpatients in China, with EAEC, EPEC and ETEC the most commonly identified subtypes. Epidemiological characteristics regarding the heterogeneities of DEC appeared different, in regions, age groups and seasons. Long-term surveillance programs should be strengthened to better understand the epidemiology of DEC, in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z K Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Clinical in Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China; Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease
| | - S J Lai
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease
| | - J X Yu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease
| | - W Q Yang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease
| | - X Wang
- Emergency Laboratory, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - H Q Jing
- Emergency Laboratory, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Z J Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease
| | - W Z Yang
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease
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Shi YJ, Lai SJ, Chen QL, Mu D, Li Y, Li XX, Yin WW, Yu HJ. [Analysis on the epidemiological features of human brucellosis in northern and southern areas of China, 2015-2016]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:435-440. [PMID: 28468058 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Different epidemiological features of human brucellosis appeared in both northern and southern areas of China. The disease was seen endemic in the northern and dispersal in the southern provinces. Appropriate strategies for brucellosis prevention and control should be developed, according to the different epidemiological characteristics in the northern or southern areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Shi
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - S J Lai
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Q L Chen
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - D Mu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - X X Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - W W Yin
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - H J Yu
- Division of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Zhang Q, Geng QB, Sun JL, Zhang ZK, Lai SJ, Zhou S, Li ZJ. [Epidemiological analysis of the deaths of malaria in China, 2005-2014]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 50:302-5. [PMID: 27029359 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological features of deaths of malaria from 2005 to 2014, so as to provide the evidence for subsequently more effective strategic planning of malaria elimination in China. METHODS The data of individual malaria cases (including probable and confirmed cases, population data, geographic distribution, diagnosis and reporting information) were obtained from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System from 2005 to 2014 and the epidemiological investigation information (including the clinical systems and the imported and indigenous cases) was extracted from Parasite Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2011 to 2014. All of the data didn't include Hongkong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign cases. The population characteristics, clinical systems, geographic distribution, diagnosis and reporting and sources of infections of deaths were analyzed. RESULTS From 2005 to 2014, a total of 228 deaths of malaria were reported, with 203 (89.0%) of P. falciparum malaria, 13 (5.7%) of P. vivax malaria, 1 (0.5%) of P. malariae malaria and 11(4.8%) other cases. The fatality rate of malaria increased since 2010. Among the deaths, 48 (81.4% ) had serious complications, which included cerebral lesion, coma, severe renal and hepatic injuries and hemolysis and so on. In 2005-2010, the geographical distribution of malaria deaths was mainly in Yunnan (78 deaths, 56.1%), Sichuan (13 deaths, 9.4%), Henan (7 deaths, 5.0%), Shandong (6 deaths, 4.3%) and Zhejiang (5 deaths, 3.6%) province. However, since the initiation of malaria elimination program in 2010, the areas with malaria deaths have changed, which mainly distributed in Henan (10 deaths, 11.2%), Sichuan (9 deaths, 10.1%), Shandong (8 deaths, 9.0%), Jiangsu (7 deaths, 7.9%) and Hunan province (7 deaths, 7.9%). Besides there were nine deaths (10.0%) reported in non-endemic areas of malaria (Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Ningxia) in 2011-2014. The median time from illness onset to diagnosis for deaths was 5.5 (P25-P75: 3.0-8.5) d, which was longer than 3.0 (2.0-6.0)d for survivors. Moreover, for deaths, the median P50 (P25-P75)(6.0, 4.0-9.0 d) from illness onset to diagnosis in 2011-2014 was longer than that in 2005-2010 (5.0, 3.0-9.0 d). Among imported deaths, 77 deaths (90.6%) originated from Africa and 8 deaths (9.4%) from Southeast Asia. CONCLUSION Although the reported deaths of malaria were stable in 2005-2014, the geographical distribution of malaria deaths changed significantly and the time from illness onset to the diagnosis was longer since 2010. Special attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of imported cases to reduce the fatality at the malaria elimination stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Q B Geng
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Zeng T, Chen L, Du X, Lai SJ, Huang SP, Liu YL, Lu LZ. Association analysis between feed efficiency studies and expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide genes in laying ducks. Anim Genet 2016; 47:606-9. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural sciences; Hangzhou 310021 China
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing 210095 China
| | - L. Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural sciences; Hangzhou 310021 China
| | - X. Du
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural sciences; Hangzhou 310021 China
| | - S. J. Lai
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural sciences; Hangzhou 310021 China
| | - S. P. Huang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural sciences; Hangzhou 310021 China
| | - Y. L. Liu
- Zhejiang Animal Husbandry Technique Extension Station; Hangzhou 310020 China
| | - L. Z. Lu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural sciences; Hangzhou 310021 China
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Sun JL, Lai SJ, Zhang ZK, Geng QB, Zhou S, Zhang Q, Li ZJ. [Comparison of demographical characteristics of malaria cases from malaria control to elimination in China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2016; 50:296-301. [PMID: 27029358 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further identify the high-risk population at malaria elimination phase, and to provide the scientific evident for targeted prevention and control measures, we compared the demographical feature and its change trend for malaria cases between malaria control stage and elimination stage in China. METHODS The data of individual case (probable and confirmed) and population during 2007-2014 were collected from China National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System, and the data of epidemiological investigation for malaria case (imported and indigenous) during 2011-2014 were collected from China Parasite Disease Prevention and Control Information System. All of the data didn't include China's Hongkong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign cases. We described the demographic features of malaria cases, e.g. sex, age, occupation and mobility, to compare the differences of cases between malaria control stage (2007-2010) and the elimination phase (2011-2014). RESULTS From 2007 to 2014, a total of 108 076 malaria cases were reported nationwide, which 13 355 cases were reported at the elimination stage. The proportion of male cases considerably increased from 65.1% (6 1625 cases) at the control stage to 91.4% (12 209 cases) at the elimination phase, with the cases aged 15-64 years among male cases dramatically rose from 74.3% (45 793 cases) to 97.2% (11 870 cases). In terms of occupation, the proportion of children and students decreased from 17.8% (16 891 cases) to 2.7% (356 cases), while the percentage of migrant workers, workers and other professional cases increased from 8.5% (8 031 cases), 3.5% (3 319 cases) and 3.6% (3 435 cases) to 13.1% (1 757 cases), 11.5% (1 534 cases) and 11.4% (1 517 cases), respectively. During the elimination stage,P. faliparium cases have higher proportion of male (96.4%, 7 179 cases) and adult aged 15-64 year (99.4%, 7 399 cases) than that of P. vivax cases , 83.9% (4 344 cases) and 90.3% (4 679 cases), respectively. Moreover, the proportion of imported cases rose from 63.6% (2 599 cases) in 2011 to 97.7% (2 854 cases) in 2014, and the proportion of the migrants in indigenous cases also showed an increasing trend from 13.5% (201 cases) in 2011 to 28.4% (19 cases) in 2014. CONCLUSION Compared with the control stage, great changes of demographical characteristics of malaria cases occurred at the elimination stage. Male adults aged 15-64 year-old, imported cases and domestic migrants were the high-risk population for targeted control and prevention at the malaria elimination stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sun
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - S J Lai
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early-warning on Infectious Disease, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Wang W, Cheng L, Yi J, Gan J, Tang H, Fu MZ, Wang H, Lai SJ. Health and production traits in bovine are associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in the NOD2 gene. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:3570-8. [PMID: 25966125 DOI: 10.4238/2015.april.17.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The NOD2 gene plays a fundamental role in initiating the inflammatory and subsequent immune response. NOD2 was previously identified as a susceptibility locus for inflammatory bowel diseases in humans. In this study, we detected 2 mutations in exon 12 (A→T, G→A) among 5 cattle breeds (N = 315) and analyzed their associations with production traits and genetic resistance against bovine mastitis in Chinese Holstein and Chinese Simmental breeds (N = 218). The transitions (A→T) at position 114 bp were associated with somatic cell score (P < 0.01). The G→A at position 1594 bp plays a critical role in increasing 305-day milk yields. In Chinese Holstein and Chinese Simmental breeds, the BB genotype may contribute to disease susceptibility. Compared to all genotypic combinations, the A, B, and FF genotypes are beneficial not only for reducing somatic cell score but also for increasing production.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
| | - L Cheng
- Sichuan Animal Husbandry Station, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Yi
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Gan
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Z Fu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - H Wang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S J Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
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Zhang GW, Zhang WX, Chen SY, Yoshimura Y, Isobe N, Lai SJ. Dectin-1 gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to nonspecific digestive disorders and cytokine expression in rabbits. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:4051-9. [PMID: 23893974 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dectin-1 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation by recognizing the pathogenic agents and mediating cytokine responses. The objective of this study was to establish the association between dectin-1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to nonspecific digestive disorders (NSDD) and cytokine expression in rabbits. A total of 7 coding SNP were detected in dectin-1 gene. The genetic association between SNP (ss707197675A > G) and susceptibility to NSDD was evaluated using a case-control study (178 cases and 174 controls). The results revealed that the A allele was associated with an increased risk of developing NSDD in rabbits. The AA genotype significantly increased the genetic susceptibility to NSDD with odds ratio of 4.76 (95% confidence interval, 1.92-12.50, P = 0.0002) compared with GG and GA genotypes. We also experimentally induced NSDD in another independent growing rabbit population by feeding a low-fiber diet and subsequently investigated the cytokine mRNA expression. Among the 4 studied cytokines, the expression of interferon-γ, IL-17F, and IL-22 were increased 2.8 to 6.0-fold in AA genotype compared with GG genotype (P < 0.01). The greater IL-17F and IL-22 mRNA expressions indicated a positive correlation with severe intestinal inflammation (P < 0.05). The decreased expression of IL-10 was associated with severe intestinal inflammation (P = 0.006), but IL-10 expression was not influenced by dectin-1 genotype. In conclusion, polymorphism ss707197675 of dectin-1 is related with susceptibility to NSDD and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and dectin-1 could be an important candidate gene associated with NSDD in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Zhang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu Campus, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, PR China
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Essien H, Lai SJ, Binder SR, King DL. Use of direct-probe mass spectrometry as a toxicology confirmation method for demoxepam in urine following high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1996; 683:199-208. [PMID: 8891916 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(96)00119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification of the metabolite demoxepam in human urine establishes that chlordiazepoxide, a common benzodiazepine, has been administered. Like N-oxide metabolites of other drugs, demoxepam cannot be detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), due to thermal decomposition, and the product, nordiazepam, is a metabolite common to many benzodiazepines. Demoxepam can be readily screened using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system such as REMEDi HS; at 35 degrees C, no thermal decomposition will occur. Currently, there is no confirmation method available for the detection of demoxepam in urine samples. In this study, we demonstrated that following collection of the HPLC fraction, demoxepam can be confirmed using the technique of direct-probe MS. The mass spectra of demoxepam and nordiazepam differ and are easily distinguishable from each other. Ten urine samples that were analyzed by HPLC and determined to contain demoxepam were evaluated; demoxepam was confirmed in each case by direct-probe MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Essien
- Clincal Systems Division, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA 94547, USA
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Chen JS, Chang KJ, Charng RC, Lai SJ, Binder SR, Essien H. The development of a broad-spectrum toxicology screening program in Taiwan. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1995; 33:581-9. [PMID: 8523477 DOI: 10.3109/15563659509010613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Our institute serves as a centralized clinical laboratory for municipal and private hospitals in Taipei, a major international metropolis in the Asian region. Two key considerations leading to the development of our toxicology program are: a large number of foreign visitors and local residents returning from overseas trips may bring in chemicals which are less commonly seen in this region; and the lack of readily available assays for a large percentage of commonly used medicines, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs. Our toxicology screening program addresses the needs of both the Emergency Department Drug Screening and Drug of Abuse Screening. In Emergency Department Drug Screening, REMEDi HS is used as the general screening method. In Drug of Abuse Screening, the TDx is used for the initial screening of amphetamine-like substances and opiates, followed by REMEDi HS for the confirmation of positive samples. Emergency Department data collected at our institute over one year (September 1992 to August 1993) identified 57 different drugs in 713 samples. Opiates, narcotics and central stimulants accounted for 24% of the encountered drugs. Presently, there is no extensive reporting of misuse of benzodiazepines in this region. The detection of herbal ingredients like ephedrine and methylephedrine (from the Ma-Huang plant) in patient samples illustrates a large area often overlooked by western toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Chen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Institute of Pathology, Taiwan, R.O.C
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