1
|
Herbert AJ, Williams AG, Lockey SJ, Erskine RM, Sale C, Hennis PJ, Day SH, Stebbings GK. Correction to: Bone mineral density in high-level endurance runners: part A-site-specific characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:269-271. [PMID: 34665334 PMCID: PMC8748360 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A J Herbert
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - A G Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S J Lockey
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - R M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - P J Hennis
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - S H Day
- School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - G K Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Herbert AJ, Williams AG, Lockey SJ, Erskine RM, Sale C, Hennis PJ, Day SH, Stebbings GK. Bone mineral density in high-level endurance runners: Part B-genotype-dependent characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 122:71-80. [PMID: 34550467 PMCID: PMC8748376 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Inter-individual variability in bone mineral density (BMD) exists within and between endurance runners and non-athletes, probably in part due to differing genetic profiles. Certainty is lacking, however, regarding which genetic variants may contribute to BMD in endurance runners and if specific genotypes are sensitive to environmental factors, such as mechanical loading via training. Method Ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from previous genome-wide and/or candidate gene association studies that have a functional effect on bone physiology. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) associations between genotype at those 10 SNPs and bone phenotypes in high-level endurance runners, and (2) interactions between genotype and athlete status on bone phenotypes. Results Female runners with P2RX7 rs3751143 AA genotype had 4% higher total-body BMD and 5% higher leg BMD than AC + CC genotypes. Male runners with WNT16 rs3801387 AA genotype had 14% lower lumbar spine BMD than AA genotype non-athletes, whilst AG + GG genotype runners also had 5% higher leg BMD than AG + GG genotype non-athletes. Conclusion We report novel associations between P2RX7 rs3751143 genotype and BMD in female runners, whilst differences in BMD between male runners and non-athletes with the same WNT16 rs3801387 genotype existed, highlighting a potential genetic interaction with factors common in endurance runners, such as high levels of mechanical loading. These findings contribute to our knowledge of the genetic associations with BMD and improve our understanding of why some runners have lower BMD than others. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00421-021-04789-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Herbert
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - A G Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S J Lockey
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - R M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - P J Hennis
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - S H Day
- School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - G K Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Herbert AJ, Williams AG, Lockey SJ, Erskine RM, Sale C, Hennis PJ, Day SH, Stebbings GK. Bone mineral density in high-level endurance runners: part A-site-specific characteristics. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:3437-3445. [PMID: 34510274 PMCID: PMC8571133 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity, particularly mechanical loading that results in high-peak force and is multi-directional in nature, increases bone mineral density (BMD). In athletes such as endurance runners, this association is more complex due to other factors such as low energy availability and menstrual dysfunction. Moreover, many studies of athletes have used small sample sizes and/or athletes of varying abilities, making it difficult to compare BMD phenotypes between studies. METHOD The primary aim of this study was to compare dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived bone phenotypes of high-level endurance runners (58 women and 45 men) to non-athletes (60 women and 52 men). Our secondary aim was to examine the influence of menstrual irregularities and sporting activity completed during childhood on these bone phenotypes. RESULTS Female runners had higher leg (4%) but not total body or lumbar spine BMD than female non-athletes. Male runners had lower lumbar spine (9%) but similar total and leg BMD compared to male non-athletes, suggesting that high levels of site-specific mechanical loading was advantageous for BMD in females only and a potential presence of reduced energy availability in males. Menstrual status in females and the number of sports completed in childhood in males and females had no influence on bone phenotypes within the runners. CONCLUSION Given the large variability in BMD in runners and non-athletes, other factors such as variation in genetic make-up alongside mechanical loading probably influence BMD across the adult lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Herbert
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - A G Williams
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S J Lockey
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - R M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Sale
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - P J Hennis
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - S H Day
- School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - G K Stebbings
- Sports Genomics Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stebbings GK, Williams AG, Herbert AJ, Lockey SJ, Heffernan SM, Erskine RM, Morse CI, Day SH. TTN
genotype is associated with fascicle length and marathon running performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:400-406. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. K. Stebbings
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory; Department of Exercise and Sport Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Crewe UK
| | - A. G. Williams
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory; Department of Exercise and Sport Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Crewe UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health; University College London; London UK
| | - A. J. Herbert
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory; Department of Exercise and Sport Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Crewe UK
| | - S. J. Lockey
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory; Department of Exercise and Sport Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Crewe UK
- School of Medical Education; Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - S. M. Heffernan
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory; Department of Exercise and Sport Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Crewe UK
| | - R. M. Erskine
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health; University College London; London UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - C. I. Morse
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory; Department of Exercise and Sport Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Crewe UK
| | - S. H. Day
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory; Department of Exercise and Sport Science; Manchester Metropolitan University; Crewe UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heffernan SM, Kilduff LP, Erskine RM, Day SH, McPhee JS, McMahon GE, Stebbings GK, Neale JPH, Lockey SJ, Ribbans WJ, Cook CJ, Vance B, Raleigh SM, Roberts C, Bennett MA, Wang G, Collins M, Pitsiladis YP, Williams AG. Association of ACTN3 R577X but not ACE I/D gene variants with elite rugby union player status and playing position. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:196-201. [PMID: 26757799 PMCID: PMC4929273 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00107.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to quantify the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) genetic variants in elite rugby athletes (rugby union and league) and compare genotype frequencies to controls and between playing positions. The rugby athlete cohort consisted of 507 Caucasian men, including 431 rugby union athletes that for some analyses were divided into backs and forwards and into specific positional groups: front five, back row, half backs, centers, and back three. Controls were 710 Caucasian men and women. Real-time PCR of genomic DNA was used to determine genotypes using TaqMan probes and groups were compared using χ2 and odds ratio (OR) statistics. Correction of P values for multiple comparisons was according to Benjamini-Hochberg. There was no difference in ACE I/D genotype between groups. ACTN3 XX genotype tended to be underrepresented in rugby union backs (15.7%) compared with forwards (24.8%, P = 0.06). Interestingly, the 69 back three players (wings and full backs) in rugby union included only six XX genotype individuals (8.7%), with the R allele more common in the back three (68.8%) than controls (58.0%; χ2 = 6.672, P = 0.04; OR = 1.60) and forwards (47.5%; χ2 = 11.768, P = 0.01; OR = 2.00). Association of ACTN3 R577X with playing position in elite rugby union athletes suggests inherited fatigue resistance is more prevalent in forwards, while inherited sprint ability is more prevalent in backs, especially wings and full backs. These results also demonstrate the advantage of focusing genetic studies on a large cohort within a single sport, especially when intrasport positional differences exist, instead of combining several sports with varied demands and athlete characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Heffernan
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom;
| | - L P Kilduff
- A-STEM, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - R M Erskine
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S H Day
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom
| | - J S McPhee
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - G E McMahon
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; Northern Ireland Sports Institute, Newtownabbey, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - G K Stebbings
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom
| | - J P H Neale
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom
| | - S J Lockey
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom
| | - W J Ribbans
- Division of Sport, Exercise and Life Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - C J Cook
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - B Vance
- Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S M Raleigh
- Division of Sport, Exercise and Life Science, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - C Roberts
- Medical and Scientific Department, South African Rugby Union, Cape Town, South Africa; Discipline of Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - M A Bennett
- A-STEM, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - G Wang
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom; and
| | - M Collins
- MRC/UCT Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town (UCT), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Y P Pitsiladis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME), University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom; and
| | - A G Williams
- MMU Sports Genomics Laboratory, Manchester Metropolitan University, Crewe, United Kingdom; Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|