[Plasma cytomegalovirus viremia prevalence among HIV-infected individuals: a Meta-analysis]

Objective: To understand the prevalence and correlates of plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia among HIV-infected individuals by Meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature retrieval was conducted by PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases for the information about the prevalence of plasma CMV viremia among HIV-infected individuals published from 2011 to 2020. Meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled prevalence after literature screening and data extraction. Results: Fifteen studies were included, and the total sample size was 5 076. The random effect model showed that the pooled prevalence of CMV viremia among HIV-infected individuals was 26.2% (95%CI: 16.8%-35.6%, I²=99%); Subgroup analysis and Meta-regression showed that the sources of heterogeneity among different studies were: the proportion of individuals aged >30 years in sample, the proportion of homosexual transmission in the sample, the proportion of individuals whose HIV viral load > 10⁴ copies/ml, the proportion of individuals whose CD4⁺T lymphocyte counts <200 cells/μl. Conclusion: Among HIV-infected individuals, the prevalence of CMV viremia was high and might be associated with age, HIV transmission mode, the status of HIV/AIDS.

[Prevalence and correlates of plasma cytomegalovirus viremia among newly reported HIV/AIDS patients in Taizhou city, 2017-2018]

Objective: To study the prevalence and correlates of plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia among newly reported antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV/AIDS patients in Taizhou during 2017-2018. Methods: CMV DNA was measured in plasma specimens of newly reported ART-naive HIV/AIDS patients by quantitative PCR. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate CMV viremia correlations among the individuals. Results: Of 612 HIV/AIDS patients, 480 (78.4%) were male, 125 (20.4%) were over 60 years old, 177 (28.9%) were infected via homosexual transmission, and 430 (70.3%) via heterosexual transmission. The prevalence of CMV viremia among HIV/AIDS patients was 13.4% (82/612). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of CMV viremia in CD₄⁺ lymphocyte cells counts (CD₄⁺) ≤200 cells/μl group was higher than CD₄ counts >500 cells/μl (OR=5.10, 95%CI:1.74-14.96, P=0.003); The median CMV DNA level (log₁₀) of 82 viremic patients was 1.57 (P₂₅,P₇₅:1.04,2.13); Viremic patients with CD₄ counts ≤200 cells/μl had the highest CMV viral load (P<0.01). Conclusions: Among ART-naive HIV/AIDS patients, the prevalence of CMV viremia was significantly associated with immunodeficiency status. Further research is needed to evaluate the association between CMV viremia and the course of HIV infection.

Thermodamage, thermosensitivity and thermotolerance of normal swine oesophagus

The normal swine oesophagus was heated using an intracavity microwave radiator for 30 min at 45, 46, 47, 48 and 49 degrees C. The animals were sacrificed 48 h or 30 days later. The degree of heat injury was evaluated on an histological score system with a maximum possible damage score of 100 per cent. The acute heat injury (48 h after heating) at these temperatures was 2, 17, 40, 50 and 67 per cent respectively. The main feature of acute heat damage was degenerative necrosis or thrombosis of blood vessels at the oesophageal wall. This occurred only in one out of nine cases at 45 and 46 degrees C heating, but in seven out of nine cases at 48 and 49 degrees C. The main feature of late heat damage was fibrosis. The score of chronic damage for the above groups was 12, 23, 30, 34 and 51 per cent, respectively. When animals were preheated at 44 degrees C for 30 min and then reheated at 45-49 degrees C 4 h later, we found that preheating could provide about 2 degrees C protection. From the above data, we suggest that 45 degrees C and 30 min heating is a safe dose for normal oesophageal tissue.