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Kodikara KAS, Ransara GBM, Madarasinghe SK, Dissanayake NP, Abeysinghe NK, Prasangika KD, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Jayatissa LP. A Growing Threat to Tidal Forests: Incursion of Mangrove Ecosystems by Invasive Alien Species Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (Fabaceae). Russ J Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s207511172301006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Kodikara KAS, Lewandowski S, De Silva PMCS, Gunarathna SD, Madarasinghe SK, Ranasinghe P, Jayatissa LP, Dahdouh-Guebas F. Heavy metal pollution in selected upland tributaries of Sri Lanka: comprehension towards the localization of sources of pollution. J Water Health 2022; 20:505-517. [PMID: 35350003 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the heavy metal (HM) profile of the main upland tributaries of three major rivers, the Mahaweli, the Deduru and the Gin Rivers, which are commonly used for urban water supply in Sri Lanka. The HM profiles of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were investigated by ICP-MS. Land-use classification was performed to locate the main sources of pollution. Mean pH, TDS and conductivity showed significant inter-site mean differences (p < 0.001). The mean contents of the HMs, considering all rivers, were observed in the order [Hg] > [As] > [Pb] > [Cd] at the sources and [As] > [Hg] > [Pb] > [Cd] at the river mouths. Particularly, in the Mahaweli River, the mean As content was 0.08 ± 0.05 μg·L-1 and showed an increasing trend from the source to the river mouth. In the Deduru River, the mean Hg content was 0.14 ± 0.15 μg·L-1, and of all rivers studied, the highest content of 0.50 ± 0.17 μg·L-1 was recorded. The Gin River showed significant inter-site mean differences (p < 0.05) in [Pb], [As] and [Hg]. In all rivers studied, [As] was significantly higher in water samples collected near agricultural lands and urban areas as compared with the other land-use/cover types, which was further proved by a significant positive correlation (coefficient = 0.479, p = 0.0325). We, therefore, emphasized that HM pollution is more likely due to anthropogenic activities in the upper catchment with less lithogenic contamination. However, national water quality management should be further strengthened and new policy enforcement is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A S Kodikara
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka E-mail: ; First co-authors
| | - S Lewandowski
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management Research Unit, Département de Biologie des Organismes, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, CPi 264/1, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; First co-authors
| | - P M C S De Silva
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - S D Gunarathna
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - S K Madarasinghe
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - P Ranasinghe
- Herbal Technology Section, Industrial Technology Institute, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka
| | - L P Jayatissa
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka E-mail:
| | - F Dahdouh-Guebas
- Systems Ecology and Resource Management Research Unit, Département de Biologie des Organismes, Université Libre de Bruxelles - ULB, Av. F.D. Roosevelt 50, CPi 264/1, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Ecology & Biodiversity, Laboratory of Plant Biology and Nature Management, Biology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel - VUB, Pleinlaan 2, VUB-APNA-WE, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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