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Kiran KS, Kameshwar VH, Mudnakudu Nagaraju KK, Nagalambika P, Varadaraju KR, Karthik NA, Dugganaboyana GK, Nanjunda Swamy S, Krishna KL, Kumar JR. Diosmin: A Daboia russelii venom PLA 2s inhibitor- purified, and characterized from Oxalis corniculata L medicinal plant. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 318:116977. [PMID: 37544341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oxalis corniculata L is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Oxalidaceae family. It is a little, slow-growing plant with a frail appearance typically found in mild temperate and tropical areas like Pakistan and India. This plant also includes many other bioactive substances, including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phlobatannins, and steroids. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Compound diosmin, which is derived from Oxalis corniculata L, on VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a isolated from Vipera russelli. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extraction, purification, and characterization of bioactive by TLC, HPTLC, FT-IR analysis, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, LC-MS/MS Analysis, NMR, XRD Analysis, In vitro evaluation, Circular dichroism spectroscopy, in vivo, and in silico studies. RESULTS In this study, the extract of Oxalis corniculata was evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect against PLA2. The methanolic extract decreased hemolytic activity by about 60% at 1:75 w/w and neutralized the hemolytic activity completely at 1:100 w/w concentration. Diosmin inhibited VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a in a dose-dependent manner, with the extent of inhibition being about 56% for VRV-PL-5120 μM and VRV-PL-8a by 62% at the same concentration with IC50 concentrations of 87.08 μM for VRV-PL-5 and 82.08 μM for VRV-PL-8a, while at 75 μM. Diosmin inhibited the hemolytic activity of VRV-PL-5 by about 85%, and at the same concentration, VRV-PL-8a inhibited by about 75%. UV-CD spectra at the IC50 concentration of diosmin disrupted the secondary structure of VRV-PL-5 &VRV-PL-8a. In vivo, studies showed decreased myotoxicity and cardiotoxicity of the VRV-PL-5 &VRV-PL-8a, which was seen in the decrease in cytoplasmic markers LDH and CPK levels in the serum when incubated with diosmin. Furthermore, Histopathological studies of Muscles and lungs revealed that diosmin considerably protects against cellular abnormality caused by VRV-PL-5 & VRV-PL-8a. Molecular docking, MM/GBSA, and molecular dynamics simulation studies show that the diosmin is a potent inhibitor for VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a. CONCLUSION This study shows that diosmin is a potentially effective VRV-PL-5 and VRV-PL-8a.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Kiran
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Vivek Hamse Kameshwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara- 571448, Nagamangala (T), Mandya (D), Karnataka, India; Department of Biotechnology, Adichunchanagiri School of Natural Sciences, ACU-CRI, Adichunchanagiri University, B. G. Nagara- 571448, Nagamangala (T), Mandya (D), Karnataka, India
| | | | - Prasad Nagalambika
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Kavitha Raj Varadaraju
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - N Awathade Karthik
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technological University, Mysore, India
| | - K L Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India
| | - J R Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore-15, India.
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Divya K, Vivek HK, Priya BS, Nanjunda Swamy S. Rapid detection of DPP-IV activity in porcine serum: A fluorospectrometric assay. Anal Biochem 2019; 592:113557. [PMID: 31866290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues. Currently, DPP-IV activity is quantified by spectrophotometric or fluorometric methods, which employ Gly-Pro-pNA and Gly-Pro-AMC respectively, as substrate. However, these methods require high enzyme and substrate concentrations. In this study, we adapted the DPP-IV fluorospectrometric assay using NanoDrop 3300, which requires only nanogram levels of the enzyme (30 ng crude DPP-IV) and considerably low substrate concentrations (100 μM). Fluorescence measurement required a reaction mixture of only 2 μL, thus eliminating the need for microtiter plates or cuvettes.We employed this assay to demonstrate DPP-IV activity in porcine serum for the first time. The enzymatic activity peaked at pH 8.0 in porcine (84 nM/min), human (87 nM/min) and bovine (89.1 nM/min) sera, with the optimum temperature of 37 °C. The enzyme showed maximum activity upon incubation for 40 min at 37 °C. In contrast, activity in the porcine serum was the highest after incubation for 30 min at the same optimized parameters. The IC50 values of diprotin A against DPP-IV from human, porcine, and bovine sera were 7.83, 8.62, 9.17 μM, respectively. The present assay procedure is a convenient, sensitive, accurate and high-throughput method suitable for primary screening of DPP-IV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Divya
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysore, India
| | - H K Vivek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara, 571448, Mandya, India
| | - B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysore, India.
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Zhang X, Manukumar H, Rakesh K, Karthik C, Nagendra Prasad H, Swamy SN, Mallu P, Eissa Mohammed YH, Qin HL. Role of BP*C@AgNPs in Bap-dependent multicellular behavior of clinically important methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm adherence: A key virulence study. Microb Pathog 2018; 123:275-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nafeesa Z, Shivalingu BR, Neema KN, Achar RR, Venkatesh BK, Hanchinal V, Priya BS, Nanjunda Swamy S. Procoagulant serine glycoprotease from Cucumis sativus L.: action on human fibrinogen and fibrin clot. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:96. [PMID: 28555432 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon examination of the fruit extract of Cucumis sativus L. for its pharmacological benefits, it was previously observed that it has potential proteolytic, fibrinogenolytic and procoagulant activities. These properties can be attributed to the presence of the protease. In this regard, the present study comprised of purification and characterization of protease. Purification of the enzyme involved ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The purified cucumis protease (CPro) exhibits homogeneity as attested by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC with a retention time of 14.246 min with molecular mass ~75.3 kDa. CPro was identified as a glycoprotein and serine protease. Azocasein is the preferred substrate for CPro as it showed low Km value of 0.3809 mg/ml. Purified CPro exhibits optimum activity at 37 °C and pH 8. CPro shows its involvement in hemostasis-the very first step in wound healing. CPro degrades the subunits of human fibrinogen in the order Aα > Bβ > γ. It also hydrolyzes the subunits of the partially cross-linked fibrin clot in the order α-polymer > γ-γ dimer > β-chain. CPro reduced the clotting time of citrated plasma, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time of plasma. CPro is neither hemorrhagic nor edema-inducing, thus considered to be a non-toxic protease. This work provides evidence for the use of cucumber extract in wound healing and authenticates its use in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohara Nafeesa
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
- JSS Research Foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - B R Shivalingu
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
- JSS Research Foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - K N Neema
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
- JSS Research Foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - Raghu Ram Achar
- Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 015, India
| | - B K Venkatesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
- JSS Research Foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | | | - B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India.
- JSS Research Foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore, Karnataka, 570 006, India.
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Uday P, Maheshwari M, Sharanappa P, Nafeesa Z, Kameshwar VH, Priya BS, Nanjunda Swamy S. Exploring hemostatic and thrombolytic potential of heynein - A cysteine protease from Ervatamia heyneana latex. J Ethnopharmacol 2017; 199:316-322. [PMID: 28057488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The latex of Ervatamia heyneana (Wall.) T. Cooke plant has been used for wound healing and various skin diseases by Indian tribes and folklore. AIM OF THE STUDY To validate the scientific basis of heynein - a key protease of Ervatamia heyneana, in hemostasis and wound healing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The latex from E. heyneana was processed and subjected to two step purification. The purified heynein was assayed for proteolytic activity using casein as substrate and also attested by zymography. The inhibition studies confirmed the nature of heynein. Pure fibrinogen was used for fibrinogenolytic activity and citrated plasma was used for coagulant and fibrinolytic activities. The edema inducing action and hemorrhagic activity of heynein were assessed on mice model. RESULTS The purified heynein exhibited proteolytic activity, which was confirmed by caseinolytic assay and zymography. The inhibition studies confirmed heynein to be a cysteine protease. Heynein showed complete hydrolysis of all the three subunits of human fibrinogen (Aα, Bβ, γ). It exhibited strong pro-coagulant activity by reducing plasma clotting time from 248 to 39s at 40µg concentration. Heynein cleaved α polymer subunit in fibrin clot and did not induce edema and hemorrhage in mice models. The non-hemorrhagic nature was supported with histopathological studies of skin samples. CONCLUSION Heynein displays strong pro-coagulant action associated with fibrin(ogen)olytic activity. This provides basis for the observed pharmacological action of Ervatamia heyneana and thereby justifies its use in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Uday
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - M Maheshwari
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - P Sharanappa
- Department of Studies in Biosciences, University of Mysore, Hemagangothri, Hassan, Karnataka 570006, India
| | - Zohara Nafeesa
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Hamse Kameshwar
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570 006, Karnataka, India.
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Kameshwar VH, R. KJ, Priya BS, Swamy SN. Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity studies of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole small molecule that targets basic phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 426:161-175. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shivalingu BR, Vivek HK, Priya BS, Soujanya KN, Swamy SN. Purification and characterization of novel fibrin(ogen)olytic protease from Curcuma aromatica Salisb.: Role in hemostasis. Phytomedicine 2016; 23:1691-1698. [PMID: 27823634 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteases from turmeric species have procoagulant and fibrinogenolytic activity. This provides a scientific basis for traditional use of turmeric to stop bleeding and promote wound healing processes. PURPOSE Our previous studies revealed that fibrinogenolytic action of crude enzyme fraction of Curcuma aromatica Salisb., was found to be more influential than those of Curcuma longa L., Curcuma caesia Roxb., Curcuma amada Roxb. and Curcuma zedoria (Christm.) Roscoe. Hence, the purpose of this study is to purify and characterize protease from C. aromatica and to explore its role in wound healing process. METHODS The protease was purified by Sephadex G-50 gel permeation chromatography. Peak with potent proteolytic activity was subjected to rechromatography and then checked for homogeneity by SDS-PAGE and native PAGE. Furthermore purity of the peak was assessed by RP-HPLC and MALDI-TOF. The biochemical properties, type of protease, kinetic studies, fibrinogenolytic, coagulant and fibrinolytic activities were carried out. RESULTS The two proteolytic peaks were fractionated in gel permeation chromatography. Among these, the peak-II showed potent proteolytic activity with specific activity of 10units/mg/min and named as C. aromatica protease-II (CAP-II). This protein resolved into a single sharp band both in SDS-PAGE (reducing and non-reducing) as well as in native (acidic) PAGE. It is a monomeric protein, showing sharp peak in RP-HPLC and its relative molecular mass was found to be 12.378kDa. The caseinolytic and fibrinolytic activity of CAP-II was completely inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF). The CAP-II exhibited optimum temperature of 45°C and optimum pH of 7.5. The Km and Vmax of CAP-II was found to be 1.616µg and 1.62units/mg/min respectively. The CAP-II showed hydrolysis of all three subunits of fibrinogen in the order Aα>Bß>γ. The CAP-II exhibited strong procoagulant activity by reducing the human plasma clotting time. It also showed fibrinolytic activity by complete hydrolysis of α-polymer and γ-γ dimer present in fibrin. CONCLUSION The CAP-II is a novel serine protease from C. aromatica, which has been demonstrated to stop bleeding and initiate wound healing through its procoagulant and fibrin(ogen)olytic activities. Our study demonstrates the possible role of CAP-II, as therapeutic enzyme to stop bleeding at the time of wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Shivalingu
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru-570 006, Karnataka, India; JSS Research Foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru-570 006, Karnataka, India; Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Coffee Research Sub-Station, Chettalli-571248, Kodagu, Karnataka, India
| | - H K Vivek
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru-570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru-570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - K N Soujanya
- School of Ecology and Conservation, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru-560065, Karnataka, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, JSS Science and Technology University, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru-570 006, Karnataka, India.
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Venkatesh BK, Achar RR, Sharanappa P, Priya BS, Swamy SN. Synergistic Caseinolytic Activity and Differential Fibrinogenolytic Action of Multiple Proteases of Maclura spinosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) latex. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S457-61. [PMID: 26929581 PMCID: PMC4745217 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.168987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kollamalayaali tribes of South India use latex of Maclura spinosa for milk curdling. This action is implicated to proteases which exhibit strong pharmacological potential in retardation of blood flow and acceleration of wound healing. Objective: To validate the presence of a proteolytic enzyme(s) in Maclura spinosa latex (MSL), and to investigate their probable role in hemostasis. Materials and Methods: Processed latex was examined for proteolytic and hemostatic activity using casein and human fibrinogen as substrates, respectively. Caseinoltyic activity was compared with two standard proteases viz., trypsin I and trypsin II. Effect of various standard protease inhibitors viz., iodoacetic acid (IAA), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on both caseinolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities were examined. Electrophoretogram of fibrinogenolytic assays were subjected to densitometric analysis. Results: Proteolytic action of MSL was found to be highly efficient over trypsin I and trypsin II in dose-dependent caseinolytic activity (P < 0.05; specific activity of 1,080 units/mg protein). The Aα and Bβ bands of human fibrinogen were readily cleaved by MSL (for 1 μg crude protein and 30 min of incubation time). Furthermore, MSL cleaved γ subunit in dose- and time-dependent manner. Quantitative correlation of these results was obtained by densitometric analysis. The caseinolytic activity of MSL was inhibited by IAA, PMSF. While, only PMSF inhibited fibrinogenolytic activity. Conclusions: MSL contains proteolytic enzymes belonging to two distinct superfamilies viz., serine protease and cysteine proteases. The fibrinogenolytic activity of MSL is restricted to serine proteases only. The study extrapolates the use of M. spinosa latex from milk curdling to hemostasis. SUMMARY Proteolytic enzymes present in latex of Maclura spinosa can be assigned to two different protease superfamilies viz., serine protease and cysteine protease as revealed by the inhibitory studies of caseinolytic activity. Among them, only serine protease can be considered as hemostatically significant as inhibition of fibrinogenolytic action of Maclura spinosa latex protease is shown only by PMSF, a serine protease-specific inhibitor.
Abbreviations used: MSL: Maclura spinos Latex, IAA: Iodo Acetic Acid, EDTA: Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid, EGTA: Ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid, PMSF: Phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Venkatesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Research Foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore, India
| | - Raghu Ram Achar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Research Foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore, India
| | - P Sharanappa
- Department of Studies in Biosciences, University of Mysore, Hemagangothri, Hassan, India
| | - B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Research Foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysore, India
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Koshle S, Mahesh S, Swamy SN. Isolation and identification of Trichoderma harzianum from groundwater: An effective biosorbent for defluoridation of groundwater. J Environ Biol 2016; 37:135-140. [PMID: 26930871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability of non-viable form of Trichoderma harzianum, isolated from fluoride rich groundwater, was investigated as biosorbent for defluoridation of groundwater. Biosorption experiments were carried out at laboratory scale for removal of fluoride from groundwater. Significant effect of operational parameters on fluoride biosorption using Trichoderma harzianum as biosorbent was evaluated by varying operational parameters such as: initial fluoride concentration (2-8 mgl(-1)), biosorbent dose (0.4-1.6g/100ml), groundwater pH (6-10), temperature (30-50 degrees C) and biosorption time (30-120 min). The fluoride adsorption isotherms were modeled by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Our result showed that fluoride biosorption, significantly increased with increase in groundwater pH, biosorbent dose, temperature and biosorption time, whereas increase in initial fluoride concentration reduced fluoride removal. The fluoride biosorption was rapid and maximum fluoride uptake was attained with 1.6g 100ml(-1) biosorbent within 60 min. Optimal pH 10 and temperature 50 degrees C gave maximum defluoridation efficiency. Freundlich isotherm fits well for defluoridation of groundwater using Trichoderma harzianum as biosorbent which indicated that biosorbent surface sites were heterogeneous in nature and fitted into heterogeneous site binding model.
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Shivalingu BR, Vivek HK, Nafeesa Z, Priya BS, Swamy SN. Comparative analysis of procoagulant and fibrinogenolytic activity of crude protease fractions of turmeric species. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 172:261-264. [PMID: 26113180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNAOPHARMACOLOGIAL RELEVANCE Turmeric rhizome is a traditional herbal medicine, which has been widely used as a remedy to stop bleeding on fresh cuts and for wound healing by the rural and tribal population of India. AIM OF THE STUDY To validate scientific and therapeutic application of turmeric rhizomes to stop bleeding on fresh cuts and its role in wound healing process. MATERIALS AND METHODS The water extracts of thoroughly scrubbed and washed turmeric rhizomes viz., Curcuma aromatica Salisb., Curcuma longa L., Curcuma caesia Roxb., Curcuma amada Roxb. and Curcuma zedoria (Christm.) Roscoe. were subjected to salting out and dialysis. The dialyzed crude enzyme fractions (CEFs) were assessed for proteolytic activity using casein as substrate and were also confirmed by caseinolytic zymography. Its coagulant activity and fibrinogenolytic activity were assessed using human citrated plasma and fibrinogen, respectively. The type of protease(s) in CEFs was confirmed by inhibition studies using specific protease inhibitors. RESULTS The CEFs of C. aromatica, C. longa and C. caesia showed 1.89, 1.21 and 1.07 folds higher proteolytic activity, respectively, compared to papain. In contrast to these, C. amada and C. zedoria exhibited moderate proteolytic activity. CEFs showed low proteolytic activities compared to trypsin. The proteolytic activities of CEFs were confirmed by caseinolytic zymography. The CEFs of C. aromatica, C. longa and C. caesia showed complete hydrolysis of Aα, Bβ and γ subunits of human fibrinogen, while C. amada and C. zedoria showed partial hydrolysis. The CEFs viz., C. aromatica, C. longa, C. caesia, C. amada and C. zedoria exhibited strong procoagulant activity by reducing the human plasma clotting time from 172s (Control) to 66s, 84s 88s, 78s and 90s, respectively. The proteolytic activity of C. aromatica, C. longa, C. caesia and C. amada was inhibited (>82%) by PMSF, suggesting the possible presence of a serine protease(s). However, C. zedoria showed significant inhibition (60%) against IAA and moderate inhibition (30%) against PMSF, indicating the presence of cysteine and serine protease(s). CONCLUSION The CEFs of turmeric species exhibited strong procoagulant activity associated with fibrinogenolytic activity. This study provides the scientific credence to turmeric in its propensity to stop bleeding and wound healing process practiced by traditional Indian medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Shivalingu
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; JSS research foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - H K Vivek
- JSS research foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - Zohara Nafeesa
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India; JSS research foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India
| | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- JSS research foundation, JSS Technical Institutions Campus, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India.
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Vivek HK, Swamy SG, Priya BS, Sethi G, Rangappa KS, Swamy SN. A facile assay to monitor secretory phospholipase A₂ using 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid. Anal Biochem 2014; 461:27-35. [PMID: 24915638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are present in snake venoms, serum, and biological fluids of patients with various inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic disorders. Lipid mediators in the inflammatory processes have potential value for controlling phospholipid metabolism through sPLA2 inhibition. Thus, it demands the need for screening of potential leads for sPLA2 inhibition. To date, sPLA2 activity has been assayed using expensive radioactive or chromogenic substrates, thereby limiting a large number of assays. In this study, a simple and sensitive NanoDrop assay was developed using non-fluorogenic and non-chromogenic phospholipid substrate 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) as interfacial hydrophobic probe. The modified assay required a 10ng concentration of sPLA2. ANS, as a strong anion, binds predominantly to cationic group of choline head of DMPC through ion pair formation, imparting hydrophobicity and lipophilicity and resulting in an increase in fluorescence. Triton X-100 imparts correct geometrical space during sPLA2 catalyzing DMPC, releasing lysophospholipid and acidic myristoyl acid, which in turn alters the hydrophobic environment prevailing around ANS-DMPC, which leads to weakening of the electrostatic ion pair interaction between DMPC and ANS ensuing decrease in fluorescence. These characteristic fluorescence changes between DMPC and ANS in response to sPLA2 catalysis are well documented and validated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamse K Vivek
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Supritha G Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Babu S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, Mysore 570006, India.
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12
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Samy RP, Gopalakrishnakone P, Stiles BG, Girish KS, Swamy SN, Hemshekhar M, Tan KS, Rowan EG, Sethi G, Chow VTK. Snake venom phospholipases A(2): a novel tool against bacterial diseases. Curr Med Chem 2013; 19:6150-62. [PMID: 22963667 DOI: 10.2174/092986712804485791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of snake venom phospholipases A(2) (svPLA(2)s) are toxic and induce a wide spectrum of biological effects. They are cysteine-rich proteins that contain 119-134 amino acids and share similar structures and functions. About 50% of the residues are incorporated into α-helices, whereas only 10% are in β-sheets. Fourteen conserved cysteines form a network of seven disulfide bridges that stabilize the tertiary structure. They show a high degree of sequence and structural similarity, and are believed to have a common calcium- dependent catalytic mechanism. Additionally, svPLA(2)s display an array of biological actions that are either dependent or independent of catalysis. The PLA(2)s of mammalian origin also exert potent bactericidal activity by binding to anionic surfaces and enzymatic degradation of phospholipids in the target membranes, preferentially of Gram-positive species. The bactericidal activity against Gram-negatives by svPLA(2) requires a synergistic action with bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), but is equally dependent on enzymatic- based membrane degradation. Several hypotheses account for the bactericidal properties of svPLA(2)s, which include "fatal depolarization" of the bacterial membrane, creation of physical holes in the membrane, scrambling of normal distribution of lipids between the bilayer leaflets, and damage of critical intracellular targets after internalization of the peptide. The present review discusses several svPLA(2)s and derived peptides that exhibit strong bactericidal activity. The reports demonstrate that svPLA(2)-derived peptides have the potential to counteract microbial infections. In fact, the C-terminal cationic/hydrophobic segment (residues 115-129) of svPLA(2)s is bactericidal. Thus identification of the bactericidal sites in svPLA(2)s has potential for developing novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Samy
- Infectious Diseases Programme, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore-117597.
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13
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Nanjunda Swamy S, Manjunath HR, Priya BS, Basappa, Sridhar MA, Rangappa KS. N-[4-Cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-methoxybenzamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o198. [PMID: 21522699 PMCID: PMC3050277 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C16H11F3N2O2, the carboxamide group connecting the two aromatic rings is in a syn-periplanar configuration; the molecule is non-planar; the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 13.95 (18)°. Intramolecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds occur. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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14
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Mahendra M, Vivek HK, Gaonkar SL, Priya BS, Nanjunda Swamy S. 1-(3-Bromo-2-thien-yl)ethanone. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o2540. [PMID: 21587530 PMCID: PMC2983156 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810034677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(6)H(5)BrOS, the non-H and aromatic H atoms lie on a crystallographic mirror plane. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into chains propagating along the c axis by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
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15
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Ningegowda R, Grover A, Basappa, Ranjith S, Rangappa KS, Priya BS, Nanjunda Swamy S. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro anti-tumor activities of novel 9-ethyl-9H-purine derivatives. Invest New Drugs 2009; 28:754-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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16
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Thimmegowda NR, Nanjunda Swamy S, Kumar CSA, Kumar YCS, Chandrappa S, Yip GW, Rangappa KS. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of benzimidazole derivative and its precursors as inhibitors of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell proliferation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:432-5. [PMID: 17981032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of trisubstituted benzimidazole and its precursors (3-7) were synthesised and characterized by using 1H NMR, LC/MS, FTIR and elemental analysis techniques. The title compounds were evaluated for inhibition against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation. The results revealed that the compound N-(4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzamide (3) was the potent inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Thimmegowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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Kumar CA, Swamy SN, Gaonkar SL, Salimath BP, Rangappa KS. N-Substituted-2-butyl-5-chloro-3H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde Derivatives as Anti-tumor Agents Against Ehrlich Ascites tumor Cells In Vivo. Med Chem 2007; 3:269-76. [PMID: 17504198 DOI: 10.2174/157340607780620699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new series of N-substituted 2-butyl-5-chloro-3H-imidazole-4-carbaldehyde derivatives were synthesized by using the different bioactive heteroaralkyl halides with 2-butyl-4-chloro-1H-imidazole-5-carbaldehyde in presence of powdered potassium carbonate in DMF medium. These compounds were screened for their antitumor activity. Our results show that treatment of imidazole derivatives inhibit proliferation EAT cells, decreases the ascites volume and increases the survivability of the animals in vivo. These compounds also inhibited the cellular proliferation of HUVEC cells in vitro by MTT assay. Further, these compounds could induce apoptosis, which is evident by the nuclear condensation of imidazole derivatives treated EAT cells in vivo by the cytological analysis. We have identified that pyrrolidine substituted imidazole derivative as potent anti-tumor compound. These inhibitors could represent as promising candidates for anticancer therapies, where the formation of peritoneal malignant ascites is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Anil Kumar
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
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18
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Mantelingu K, Kishore AH, Balasubramanyam K, Kumar GVP, Altaf M, Swamy SN, Selvi R, Das C, Narayana C, Rangappa KS, Kundu TK. Activation of p300 Histone Acetyltransferase by Small Molecules Altering Enzyme Structure: Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:4527-34. [PMID: 17417897 DOI: 10.1021/jp067655s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reversible acetylation of nucleosomal histones and nonhistone proteins play pivotal roles in the regulation of all the DNA templated phenomenon. Dysfunction of the enzymes involved in the acetylation/deacetylation leads to several diseases. Therefore, these enzymes are the targets for new generation therapeutics. Here, we report the synthesis of trifluoromethyl phenyl benzamides and their effect on histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of p300. One of these benzamides, CTPB (N-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-6-pentadecyl-benzamide), was discovered as a potent activator of the p300 HAT activity. We have found that pentadecyl hydrocarbon chain of CTPB is required to activate the HAT only under certain context. Furthermore, our results show that the relative position of -CF3 and -Cl in CTB (N-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-benzamide) is also very critical for the activation. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of p300 and the HAT activator complexes evidently suggest that the activation of HAT activity is achieved by the alteration of p300 structure. Therefore, apart from elucidating the chemical basis for small molecule mediated activation of p300, this report also describes, for the first time, Raman spectroscopic analysis of the complexes of histone-modifying enzymes and their modulators, which may be highly useful for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mantelingu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-64, India
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19
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Priya BS, Anil Kumar C, Nanjunda Swamy S, Naveen S, Shashidhara Prasad J, Rangappa KS. 2-(2-(2-Ethoxybenzoylamino)-4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(2-ethoxybenzoyl)benzamine inhibits EAT cell induced angiogenesis by down regulation of VEGF secretion. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2775-80. [PMID: 17376684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compounds containing amide bond play a pivotal role in various pharmaceutical applications. 2-(2-(2-Ethoxybenzoylamino)-4-chlorophenoxy)-N-(2-ethoxybenzoyl)benzamine 4 is shown to be a potent antiangiogenic agent. In this study, we report the microwave-assisted synthesis, single crystal X-ray structure, and antiangiogenic effect of compound 4 in EAT cell induced angiogenesis. Treatment with compound 4 in vivo demonstrated down regulation of the secretion of VEGF in EAT cells and inhibition of blood vessel formation indicating the potential angioinhibitory effect of the compound in EAT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, India
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20
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Priya BS, Swamy SN, Tejesvi MV, Sarala G, Gaonkar SL, Naveen S, Prasad JS, Rangappa KS. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies of some new sulfonyl, 4-chloro phenoxy benzene and dibenzoazepine substituted benzamides. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1262-70. [PMID: 16822593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new class of benzamide derivatives 3a(I-VI) and 3b(I-VI), bearing different bioactive moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their efficacy as antimicrobials in vitro. Compounds 3bVI, 3aII, 3aV, 3bIII, 3aVI, 3bII showed significant antibacterial activity and 3bIII, 3bII, 3aIV, 3bV, 3bVI, 3aI exhibit significant antifungal activity. The title compounds are characterized by spectral and elemental analysis. Compounds 2-methoxy-N-[4-(thiazol-2-yl-sulfamoyl)-phenyl]-benzamide 3aII and 2-(2-(2-ethoxybenzoylamino) phenethyl)-N-(2-ethoxybenzoyl) benzenamine 3bV are characterized by the single crystal X-ray studies. Compound 3aII crystallizes in monoclinic space group P2(1) and 3bV in triclinic space group P-1. Compounds 3aII and 3bV exhibit both inter and intra molecular hydrogen bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, India
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Swamy SN, Basappa, Naveen S, Prabhuswamy B, Sridhar MA, Prasad JS, Rangappa KS. Synthesis and crystal structure analysis of 2-(4-methyl-2′-biphenyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol. Struct Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-006-9003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Swamy SN, Priya BS, Prabhuswamy B, Doreswamy BH, Prasad JS, Rangappa KS. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important condensed heterocyclic 4,6-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives as antimicrobials. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:531-8. [PMID: 16529848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 12/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The two series of 4,6-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazolo-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives 2(a-e) and 3(a-e) were synthesized and characterized using IR, (1)H-NMR, CHNS analysis and by single crystal X-ray crystallographic studies. The compound 6-(2-chloro-phenyl)-3-ethyl-[1,2,4]triazole[3,4-b]thiadiazole 2b has been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a cell parameters a = 11.879(1) Angstroms, b = 15.112(2) Angstroms, c = 13.95(2) Angstroms, Z = 8 and the final R factor is R1= 0.0524. The structure exhibits both intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The title compounds were checked for their efficacy as antimicrobials in vitro. Compounds 2b, 2c, 2d, 3b, 3c and 3d showed significant inhibition against all the strains tested, when compared to standard drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, India
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Kavitha CV, Swamy SN, Mantelingu K, Doreswamy S, Sridhar MA, Shashidhara Prasad J, Rangappa KS. Synthesis of new bioactive venlafaxine analogs: Novel thiazolidin-4-ones as antimicrobials. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2290-9. [PMID: 16338140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 11/04/2005] [Accepted: 11/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot, three-component, microwave irradiated and conventional solution-phase synthesis of bioactive venlafaxine analogs such as 2,3-disubstituted-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones 3a-j under mild conditions and their characterization are reported. The novel thiazolidin-4-ones, 3-(2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-2-phenyl-thiazolidin-4-one 3a, 2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)thiazolidin-4-one 3c, and 2-(furan-2-yl)-3-(2-(1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)thiazolidin-4-one 3i, were characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The cyclohexane ring of all the three molecules is in chair conformation. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their efficacy as antimicrobials in vitro by the disk diffusion and microdilution method against pathogenic strains such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris pvs, Xanthomonas oryzae, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma species, and Fusarium monaliforme species. Among these compounds 3c, 3j, 3g, 3d, and 3e showed potent antimicrobial activity, when compared to standard drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Kavitha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore 570006, India
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Nanjunda Swamy S, Sarala G, Priya BS, Gaonkar SL, Shashidhara Prasad J, Rangappa KS. Microwave-assisted synthesis of N-alkylated benzotriazole derivatives: Antimicrobial studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:999-1004. [PMID: 16298529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 10/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of N-alkylated benzotriazole derivatives 2(a-g) bearing pharmaceutically important bioactive substituents and their antimicrobial studies in vitro are described. The syntheses of the compounds were achieved by N-alkylation of the benzotriazole with different bioactive alkyl halides in presence of powdered K2CO3 in DMF solution and by microwave irradiation method with good yield compared to conventional method. The crystal structure analysis shows that compound 4'-benzotriazol-1-yl-methyl-biphenyl-2-carbonitrile 2a crystallizes in the space group P1 with cell parameters a = 8.526 (3) A, b = 12.706 (3) A, c = 7.966 (2) A, alpha = 100.89 (2) degrees , beta = 101.63 (3) degrees , gamma = 102.20(2) degrees, Volume = 801.7(4) A degrees , Z = 2 and the final R factor is 0.0559 for 6130 reflections with 218 parameters and zero restraint. This structure exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Compounds 2e, 2a showed significant antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nanjunda Swamy
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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Priya BS, Swamy SN, Rangappa KS. Synthesis and characterization of novel 6-fluoro-4-piperidinyl-1,2-benzisoxazole amides and 6-fluoro-chroman-2-carboxamides: antimicrobial studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2623-8. [PMID: 15846867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel derivatives of 6-fluoro-4-piperidinyl-1,2-benzisoxazole amides 4(I-VI) were obtained by the condensation of different acid chlorides with 6-fluoro-3-piperidin-4yl-benzo[d]isoxazole. Also, 6-fluoro-chroman-2-carboxamides 6(I-III) were synthesized by using nebulic acid chloride with different amines in presence of triethylamine as acid scavenger and dichloroethane as solvent. The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and CHN analysis. These molecules were evaluated for their efficacy as antimicrobials in vitro by disc diffusion and microdilution method against pathogenic strains such as Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris pvs, X. oryzae, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Trichoderma species, F. monaliforme, and Penicillum species. Compounds 4I, 4IV, 4V, 6I, 6II and 6III showed better inhibitory activity than compared to standard drugs. Among these compounds, 4IV and 6III showed potent inhibitory activity against all the strains and found to be nonstrain dependent. The title compounds represent a novel class of potent antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Priya
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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26
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Basappa, Satish Kumar M, Nanjunda Swamy S, Mahendra M, Shashidhara Prasad J, Viswanath BS, Rangappa KS. Novel delta2-isoxazolines as group II phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:3679-81. [PMID: 15203142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Revised: 05/01/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesized imidazolyl substituted delta2-isoxazolines were subjected to Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzyme inhibitory activity against snake venom source and their structure-activity relationship with respect to different groups attached to this moiety is reported for the first time. The crystal structure of the compound 2-butyl-5-chloro-3H-imidazolyl-4-carbaldehyde oxime 2, an intermediate for the construction of isoxazolines is reported. These compounds exerted a significant PLA(2) enzyme inhibitory activity against group II PLA(2). The in vivo activity on mice of selected compounds 3bI and 3bIV shows the comparable anti-inflammatory activity with the known standard ursolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basappa
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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Sadashiva MP, Mantelingu K, Swamy SN, Rangappa KS. Solution-phase synthesis of novel delta2-isoxazoline libraries via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and their antifungal properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 11:4539-44. [PMID: 14527549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel imidazolyl substituted delta2-isoxazoline libraries are currently of high interest. We report here in the full details of a study leading to the synthesis and antifungal activities of 3-(-2-butyl-4-chloro-1H-imidazolyl)-substituted delta2-isoxazolines. The solution phase synthesis of the title compounds was accomplished via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated nitryl oxides from aldoximes with mono substituted alkenes to obtain the compound libraries contain an imidazole functionality in addition to the isoxazoline rings. The newly synthesized compounds when tested in vitro in solid agar culture exerted a potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium moniliforme and Botrydiplodia theobromae also MIC values were determined. The title 5-substituted-3-imidazolyl-delta2-isoxazoline compounds represent a novel class of potent antifungal agents.
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Meglan DA, Raju R, Merril GL, Merril JR, Nguyen BH, Swamy SN, Higgins GA. The teleos virtual environment toolkit for simulation-based surgical education. Stud Health Technol Inform 1995; 29:346-51. [PMID: 10172845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the past, surgical simulations have largely been created through the development of dedicated applications that require considerable programming and computer graphics skills. Advances in simulation-based surgical education have been limited by this dependence on computer graphics programming expertise. To lower barriers to the adoption of simulation-based training, we are developing tools based on Teleos, software technology that allows a wide variety of medical content developers to author surgical training simulations without programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Meglan
- High Techsplantation, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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