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Priyadarshini P, Das S, Alagarasan D, Ganesan R, Varadharajaperumal S, Naik R. Author Correction: Observation of high nonlinearity in Bi doped Bi xIn 35-xSe 65 thin films with annealing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9611. [PMID: 38671067 PMCID: PMC11053047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Priyadarshini
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - Subhashree Das
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - D Alagarasan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - R Ganesan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - S Varadharajaperumal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ramakanta Naik
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India.
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Sahoo D, Priyadarshini P, Dandela R, Alagarasan D, Ganesan R, Varadharajaperumal S, Naik R. Correction: In situ laser irradiation: the kinetics of the changes in the nonlinear/linear optical parameters of As 50Se 40Sb 10 thin films for photonic applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29342. [PMID: 37818269 PMCID: PMC10560874 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra90098c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D1RA02368C.].
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sahoo
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - P Priyadarshini
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - R Dandela
- Department of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - D Alagarasan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - R Ganesan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - S Varadharajaperumal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - R Naik
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
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Priyadarshini P, Das S, Alagarasan D, Ganesan R, Varadharajaperumal S, Sahoo S, Naik R. The impact of fluence dependent proton ion irradiation on the structural and optical properties of Bi5In30Se65 thin films for nonlinear optical devices. RSC Adv 2022; 12:5012-5026. [PMID: 35425520 PMCID: PMC8981220 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00097k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of 30 keV proton ion irradiation on the surface morphology, surface topography and optical properties of Bi5In30Se65 thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Priyadarshini
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - S. Das
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - D. Alagarasan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - R. Ganesan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - S. Varadharajaperumal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - S. Sahoo
- Laboratory for Low Dimensional Materials, Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
- Homi Bhabha Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - R. Naik
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
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Priyadarshini P, Das S, Alagarasan D, Ganesan R, Varadharajaperumal S, Naik R. Observation of high nonlinearity in Bi doped Bi xIn 35-xSe 65 thin films with annealing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21518. [PMID: 34728771 PMCID: PMC8563738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work demonstrates the impact of thermal annealing on the structural, linear, and non-linear optical characteristics of thermally evaporated BixIn35-xSe65 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15 at%) thin films. The prominent crystalline phases have been developed for all annealed films at 450 °C whereas the films remain amorphous at 350 °C annealing. The XRD and Raman analysis showed the phase transformation of Bi-doped films and new Bi2Se3 phases developed upon annealing at 450 °C. The phase transformation induced change increased the linear and nonlinear properties with great extent as seen from the UV-visible optical studies. The direct and indirect optical bandgaps decreased with annealing temperature and also with Bi % content due to the formation of surface dangling bonds near the crystallite sites. The static linear refractive index and high-frequency dielectric constants were increased with annealing. The third-order non-linear susceptibility and non-linear refractive index were found to be greatly influenced by annealing temperature and increased with bismuth content. The FESEM micrographs also showed the phase transformation and EDX analysis showed the composition. The results obtained from the materials showed the potentiality to be useful for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Priyadarshini
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - Subhashree Das
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India
| | - D Alagarasan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - R Ganesan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - S Varadharajaperumal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Ramakanta Naik
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC, Bhubaneswar, 751013, India.
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Sahoo D, Priyadarshini P, Dandela R, Alagarasan D, Ganesan R, Varadharajaperumal S, Naik R. In situ laser irradiation: the kinetics of the changes in the nonlinear/linear optical parameters of As 50Se 40Sb 10 thin films for photonic applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16015-16025. [PMID: 35481185 PMCID: PMC9030252 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02368c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photosensitivity of amorphous chalcogenide thin films brings out light-induced changes in the nonlinear and linear optical parameters upon sub-bandgap and bandgap laser irradiation. The present work reports the in situ laser irradiated changes in the optical properties of As50Se40Sb10 thin films. The thermally evaporated film showed an exponential decrease in optical bandgap and increase in Urbach energy. The decay rate of the bandgap was 6.24 min and growth rate of Urbach energy was 6.67 min respectively. The dynamics of photo-induced changes were observed from the changes in linear refractive index and its dependent parameters such as 3rd order nonlinear susceptibility, nonlinear refractive index, dispersion and dielectric parameters. The conversion of heteropolar to homopolar bonds induced the photodarkening mechanism that changed the dispersion parameters. The decrease in E d and E o reduced the oscillator strength along with the zero-frequency dielectric constant. The optical and electrical conductivity changed significantly with time. The changes were saturated with time which brings stability in the film properties that is useful for various optical applications. However, no structural and compositional changes upon laser irradiation were noticed from the X-ray diffraction and EDX studies respectively. The surface homogeneity was checked from the FESEM picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sahoo
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - P Priyadarshini
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - R Dandela
- Department of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - D Alagarasan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - R Ganesan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - S Varadharajaperumal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
| | - R Naik
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
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Deva Arun Kumar K, Mele P, Anitha M, Varadharajaperumal S, Alagarasan D, Alhokbany NS, Ahamad T, Alshehri SM. Simplified chemical processed Cd 1-xAl xS thin films for high-performance photodetector applications. J Phys Condens Matter 2021; 33:195901. [PMID: 33761496 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abf199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this present investigation, we report the effect of aluminum (Al) doping on the photoelectric performance of cadmium sulfide (CdS) thin films prepared by cost-effective automatic nebulizer spray method. The doping of Al concentrations varied from 1 at.% to 9 at.% in the steps of 3 at.%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show hexagonal crystal structure with polycrystalline nature and the enrichment of crystallite sizes as a function of Al doping concentrations. The formed impurity phase i.e. CdO might be helpful in enhancing the photoelectric performance by its additional photo-generated charge carriers. The optical studies confirm the maximum absorption showed in the visible spectral range with the corresponding minimum bandgap of 2.28 eV for 6 at.% of Al. The room temperature photoluminescence studies show an increase of near-band-edge (NBE) emission as a function of Al doping concentration and this NBE is close to the obtained bandgap in terms of wavelength. In addition, the observed red emission at 635 nm is due to the surface-related impurities or native defect states. From the present work, the observed responsivity (R), external quantum efficiency (EQE) and detectivity (D*) of the CdS:Al detectors are 8.64 AW-1, ∼2018% and 9.29 × 1011jones, respectively for the optimum 6 at.% of CdS:Al film. The performance of CdS:Al films reported in this work are significantly improved when compared with literature reports. The present investigation, therefore offers a potential material, CdS:Al, as a photodetector for various scientific and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Mele
- Shibaura Institute of Technology, College of Engineering, 337-8570, Saitama, Japan
| | - M Anitha
- Department of Physics, Sri Vidhya College of Arts and Science, Virudhunagar-626005, India
| | - S Varadharajaperumal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India
| | | | - Norah S Alhokbany
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Sahoo D, Priyadarshini P, Aparimita A, Alagarasan D, Ganesan R, Varadharajaperumal S, Naik R. Role of annealing temperature on optimizing the linear and nonlinear optical properties of As 40Se 50Ge 10 films. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26675-26685. [PMID: 35515774 PMCID: PMC9055387 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work shows the effect of annealing conditions on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of two-year-old thermally evaporated 800 nm As40Se50Ge10 thin films. The aging effect in this film is clearly noticeable as compared with the old observation. The two-year-old films were annealed at different temperatures like 373, 413, 453 and 493 K for 1 h. The optical parameters were calculated from the optical transmittance and reflectance spectra measured at normal incidence of light by spectrometer in the 500-1000 nm range. The linear refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) were decreased with annealing temperature. The observation reveals the increase in optical band gap with increase in annealing temperature while the width of the tail in the gap has an opposite behaviour. The oscillator energy, dispersion energy, dielectric constant, the loss factor, and optical conductivity were discussed in detail. The nonlinear refractive index and optical susceptibility were calculated by using Miller's formula which decreased with annealing temperature. The changes in both linear and nonlinear optical parameters with annealing temperature showed that annealing temperature can be considered as a useful factor for controlling the optical properties of As40Se50Ge10 chalcogenide films which could be the candidate for numerous photonic applications. The structural study was done by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sahoo
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - P Priyadarshini
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
| | - A Aparimita
- Department of Physics, Utkal University Bhubaneswar 751004 India
| | - D Alagarasan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - R Ganesan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - S Varadharajaperumal
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India
| | - R Naik
- Department of Engineering and Material Physics, ICT-IOC Bhubaneswar 751013 India
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