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Schrantee A, Bouziane C, Bron EE, Klein S, Bottelier MA, Kooij JJS, Rombouts SARB, Reneman L. Long-term effects of stimulant exposure on cerebral blood flow response to methylphenidate and behavior in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:402-410. [PMID: 28321605 PMCID: PMC5880865 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stimulant prescription rates for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are increasing, even though potential long-term effects on the developing brain have not been well-studied. A previous randomized clinical trial showed short-term age-dependent effects of stimulants on the DA system. We here assessed the long-term modifying effects of age-of-first-stimulant treatment on the human brain and behavior. 81 male adult ADHD patients were stratified into three groups: 1) early stimulant treatment (EST; <16 years of age) 2) late stimulant treatment (LST: ≥23 years of age) and 3) stimulant treatment naive (STN; no history of stimulant treatment). We used pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) to assess the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to an oral methylphenidate challenge (MPH, 0.5 mg/kg), as an indirect measure of dopamine function in fronto-striatal areas. In addition, mood and anxiety scores, and recreational drug use were assessed. Baseline ACC CBF was lower in the EST than the STN group (p = 0.03), although CBF response to MPH was similar between the three groups (p = 0.23). ADHD symptom severity was higher in the STN group compared to the other groups (p < 0.01). In addition, the EST group reported more depressive symptoms (p = 0.04), but not anxiety (p = 0.26), and less recreational drug use (p = 0.04). In line with extensive pre-clinical data, our data suggest that early, but not late, stimulant treatment long-lastingly affects the human brain and behavior, possibly indicating fundamental changes in the dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - C Bouziane
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E E Bron
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Klein
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M A Bottelier
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Triversum, Kees Boekestraat 5, 1817, EZ, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - J J S Kooij
- Expertise Center Adult ADHD, PsyQ, Psycho-Medical Programs, Carel Reinierszkade 197, 2593, HR, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - S A R B Rombouts
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, 2300, RB, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, LUMC, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Reneman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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van Opstal AM, Hafkemeijer A, van den Berg-Huysmans AA, Hoeksma M, Blonk C, Pijl H, Rombouts SARB, van der Grond J. Brain activity and connectivity changes in response to glucose ingestion. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:110-117. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1477538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. van Opstal
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - A. Hafkemeijer
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - M. Hoeksma
- Unilever Research & Development, Vlaardingen, Netherlands
| | - C. Blonk
- Unilever Research & Development, Vlaardingen, Netherlands
| | - H. Pijl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S. A. R. B. Rombouts
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Methodology and Statistics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J. van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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3
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Fraiman D, Miranda MF, Erthal F, Buur PF, Elschot M, Souza L, Rombouts SARB, Schimmelpenninck CA, Norris DG, Malessy MJA, Galves A, Vargas CD. Reduced functional connectivity within the primary motor cortex of patients with brachial plexus injury. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 12:277-84. [PMID: 27547727 PMCID: PMC4982914 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at the effects of traumatic brachial plexus lesion with root avulsions (BPA) upon the organization of the primary motor cortex (M1). Nine right-handed patients with a right BPA in whom an intercostal to musculocutaneous (ICN-MC) nerve transfer was performed had post-operative resting state fMRI scanning. The analysis of empirical functional correlations between neighboring voxels revealed faster correlation decay as a function of distance in the M1 region corresponding to the arm in BPA patients as compared to the control group. No differences between the two groups were found in the face area. We also investigated whether such larger decay in patients could be attributed to a gray matter diminution in M1. Structural imaging analysis showed no difference in gray matter density between groups. Our findings suggest that the faster decay in neighboring functional correlations without significant gray matter diminution in BPA patients could be related to a reduced activity in intrinsic horizontal connections in M1 responsible for upper limb motor synergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fraiman
- Departamento de Matemática y Ciencias, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Argentina
| | - M F Miranda
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Erthal
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P F Buur
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Elschot
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S A R B Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C A Schimmelpenninck
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D G Norris
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M J A Malessy
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Galves
- Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C D Vargas
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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van Velzen GAJ, Rombouts SARB, van Buchem MA, Marinus J, van Hilten JJ. Is the brain of complex regional pain syndrome patients truly different? Eur J Pain 2016; 20:1622-1633. [PMID: 27161331 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, changes in brain structure and function have been studied extensively in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) following clinical observations of altered central processing of sensory stimuli and motor control. However, concerning MRI data, the evidence is complex to interpret due to heterogeneity in statistical methods and results. METHOD The aim of this study was to determine if CRPS patients exhibit specific, clinically relevant changes in brain structure and function in rest. We do this by presenting MRI data on brain structure and function in 19 chronic, female CRPS patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). In addition, we analyse and report the data in multiple ways to make comparison with previous studies possible and to demonstrate the effect of different statistical methods, in particular, concerning the correction for multiple testing. RESULTS Using family-wise error (FWE) correction for multiple testing, in our group of CRPS patients, we find no specific difference in brain structure or function in rest in comparison to HCs. In addition, we argue that previously found MRI results in the literature are inconsistent in terms of localization, quantity and directionality of the reported changes in brain structure and function. CONCLUSION Previously published MRI-based evidence for altered brain structure and function in rest in CRPS patients is not consistent and our data suggests that no such phenomenon exists. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: This article does not replicate the previous found results. The reported evidence in MRI literature of aberrant neuroplasticity in CRPS patients is inconsistent in terms of localization, quantity and directionality of changes in brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A J van Velzen
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands. .,Knowledge Consortium TREND, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - S A R B Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), The Netherlands.,Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - M A van Buchem
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - J Marinus
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.,Knowledge Consortium TREND, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J J van Hilten
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands.,Knowledge Consortium TREND, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Pannekoek JN, van der Werff SJA, van Tol MJ, Veltman DJ, Aleman A, Zitman FG, Rombouts SARB, van der Wee NJA. Investigating distinct and common abnormalities of resting-state functional connectivity in depression, anxiety, and their comorbid states. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1933-42. [PMID: 26321187 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety disorders are highly comorbid and share neurobiological characteristics. However, this is usually not explicitly addressed in studies on intrinsic brain functioning in these disorders. Contrary to previous resting-state reports on small, monodiagnostic subsets of the current sample, we investigated resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in medication-free patients with depression, anxiety, comorbid depression and anxiety, and a healthy control group. RSFC was investigated in 140 medication-free subjects: 37 major depressive disorder patients (MDD), 30 patients with one or more anxiety disorders (ANX), 25 patients with MDD and one or more anxiety disorders (COM), and 48 healthy controls (HC). RSFC networks were calculated using a probabilistic independent component analysis. Using a dual regression approach, individuals׳ timecourses were extracted and regressed to obtain subjects-specific spatial maps, which were used for group comparisons in four networks of interest (limbic, default mode, salience and sensory-motor networks). When compared to HC, the COM group showed increased RSFC of the limbic network with a cluster containing the bilateral precuneus, intracalcarine cortex, lingual gyrus, and posterior cingulate, and with a cluster including the right precentral gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus. This effect was specific for comorbid depression and anxiety. No abnormal RSFC of other networks or in the MDD and ANX groups was observed. No association was found between strength of RSFC and symptom severity. These results indicate that altered RSFC of cortical regions with a limbic network could be specific for comorbid depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Pannekoek
- Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - S J A van der Werff
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M J van Tol
- BCN NeuroImaging Centre, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Aleman
- BCN NeuroImaging Centre, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F G Zitman
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S A R B Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
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6
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Cremers HR, Veer IM, Spinhoven P, Rombouts SARB, Yarkoni T, Wager TD, Roelofs K. Altered cortical-amygdala coupling in social anxiety disorder during the anticipation of giving a public speech. Psychol Med 2015; 45:1521-1529. [PMID: 25425031 PMCID: PMC6892398 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe stress in social situations is a core symptom of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Connectivity between the amygdala and cortical regions is thought to be important for emotion regulation, a function that is compromised in SAD. However, it has never been tested if and how this connectivity pattern changes under conditions of stress-inducing social evaluative threat. Here we investigate changes in cortical-amygdala coupling in SAD during the anticipation of giving a public speech. METHOD Twenty individuals with SAD and age-, gender- and education-matched controls (n = 20) participated in this study. During the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session, participants underwent three 'resting-state' fMRI scans: one before, one during, and one after the anticipation of giving a public speech. Functional connectivity between cortical emotion regulation regions and the amygdala was investigated. RESULTS Compared to controls, SAD participants showed reduced functional integration between cortical emotion regulation regions and the amygdala during the public speech anticipation. Moreover, in SAD participants cortical-amygdala connectivity changes correlated with social anxiety symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS The distinctive pattern of cortical-amygdala connectivity suggests less effective cortical-subcortical communication during social stress-provoking situations in SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. R. Cremers
- Behavioral Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Biological Science Division, Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, USA
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I. M. Veer
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Spinhoven
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - S. A. R. B. Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T. Yarkoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, USA
| | - T. D. Wager
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA
| | - K. Roelofs
- Behavioral Science Institute (BSI), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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7
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Krause-Utz A, Veer IM, Rombouts SARB, Bohus M, Schmahl C, Elzinga BM. Amygdala and anterior cingulate resting-state functional connectivity in borderline personality disorder patients with a history of interpersonal trauma. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2889-2901. [PMID: 25066544 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291714000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies in borderline personality disorder (BPD) have consistently revealed abnormalities in fronto-limbic brain regions during emotional, somatosensory and cognitive challenges. Here we investigated changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of three fronto-limbic core regions of specific importance to BPD. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 20 unmedicated female BPD patients and 17 healthy controls (HC, matched for age, sex and education) during rest. The amygdala, and the dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were defined as seeds to investigate RSFC patterns of a medial temporal lobe network, the salience network and default mode network. The Dissociation Experience Scale (DES), a measure of trait dissociation, was additionally used as a predictor of RSFC with these seed regions. RESULTS Compared with HC, BPD patients showed a trend towards increased RSFC between the amygdala and the insula, orbitofrontal cortex and putamen. Compared with controls, patients furthermore exhibited diminished negative RSFC between the dorsal ACC and posterior cingulate cortex, a core region of the default mode network, and regions of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Last, increased negative RSFC between the ventral ACC and medial occipital regions was observed in BPD patients. DES scores were correlated with amygdala connectivity with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and fusiform gyrus. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest alterations in resting-state networks associated with processing of negative emotions, encoding of salient events, and self-referential processing in individuals with BPD compared with HC. These results shed more light on the role of abnormal brain connectivity in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krause-Utz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Mannheim,Germany
| | - I M Veer
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin,Germany
| | - S A R B Rombouts
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC),Leiden,The Netherlands
| | - M Bohus
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Mannheim,Germany
| | - C Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy,Central Institute of Mental Health,Mannheim,Germany
| | - B M Elzinga
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC),Leiden,The Netherlands
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8
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Aghajani M, Veer IM, van Lang NDJ, Meens PHF, van den Bulk BG, Rombouts SARB, Vermeiren RRJM, van der Wee NJ. Altered white-matter architecture in treatment-naive adolescents with clinical depression. Psychol Med 2014; 44:2287-2298. [PMID: 24330845 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713003000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders are highly prevalent in adolescence and confer a heightened risk of recurrence in adulthood. Insight into the developmental neurocircuitry of depression could advance our understanding of depression and aid the development of effective treatment strategies. Whereas white-matter (WM) abnormalities are strongly implicated in adult depression, we still lack a firm understanding of WM architecture in adolescent depression. Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), we set out to investigate WM microstructure in a sample of clinically depressed adolescents relative to matched controls. METHOD We employed tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to examine WM microstructure in 25 treatment-naive adolescents with clinical depression relative to 21 matched controls. Using TBSS, we examined fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD) and mean diffusivity (MD). Threshold-free cluster enhancement (TFCE) with family-wise error (FWE) correction was used to control for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Our analysis revealed abnormal WM microstructure in clinically depressed adolescents. More specifically, whole-brain analysis revealed that patients had lower FA values in the body of the corpus callosum (CC), coupled with elevated RD and MD, and preserved AD. Conversely, region-of-interest analysis revealed that patients had higher FA values in the uncinate fasciculus (UF), coupled with elevated AD, reduced RD and preserved MD. CONCLUSIONS In line with neurocircuitry models of depression, our findings suggest that WM abnormalities within pathways facilitating cognitive and emotional functioning are involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Importantly, our findings show that these WM abnormalities are already present early in the course of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aghajani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium,Leiden University Medical Center,The Netherlands
| | - I M Veer
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC),The Netherlands
| | - N D J van Lang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium,Leiden University Medical Center,The Netherlands
| | - P H F Meens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium,Leiden University Medical Center,The Netherlands
| | - B G van den Bulk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium,Leiden University Medical Center,The Netherlands
| | | | - R R J M Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium,Leiden University Medical Center,The Netherlands
| | - N J van der Wee
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC),The Netherlands
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9
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Dopper EGP, Rombouts SARB, Jiskoot LC, den Heijer T, de Graaf JRA, de Koning I, Hammerschlag AR, Seelaar H, Seeley WW, Veer IM, van Buchem MA, Rizzu P, van Swieten JC. Structural and functional brain connectivity in presymptomatic familial frontotemporal dementia. Neurology 2014; 83:e19-26. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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van der Werff SJA, Pannekoek JN, Veer IM, van Tol MJ, Aleman A, Veltman DJ, Zitman FG, Rombouts SARB, Elzinga BM, van der Wee NJA. Resting-state functional connectivity in adults with childhood emotional maltreatment. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1825-1836. [PMID: 23254143 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291712002942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) has been associated with disturbances in emotional and behavioral functioning, and with changes in regional brain morphology. However, whether CEM has any effect on the intrinsic organization of the brain is not known. In this study, we investigated the effects of CEM on resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) using seeds in the limbic network, the default-mode network (DMN) and the salience network, and the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Method Using 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) scans were obtained. We defined seeds in the bilateral amygdala, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the left dmPFC, and used these to examine whether individuals reporting CEM (n=44) differed from individuals reporting no CEM (n=44) in RSFC with other brain regions. The two groups were matched for age, gender, handedness and the presence of psychopathology. RESULTS CEM was associated with decreased RSFC between the right amygdala and the bilateral precuneus and a cluster extending from the left insula to the hippocampus and putamen. In addition, CEM was associated with decreased RSFC between the dACC and the precuneus and also frontal regions of the brain. CONCLUSIONS We found that CEM has a profound effect on RSFC in the limbic network and the salience network. Regions that show aberrant connectivity are related to episodic memory encoding, retrieval and self-processing operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J A van der Werff
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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11
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Cole DM, Oei NYL, Soeter RP, Both S, van Gerven JMA, Rombouts SARB, Beckmann CF. Dopamine-Dependent Architecture of Cortico-Subcortical Network Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2012; 23:1509-16. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Filippi M, Rocca MA, Benedict RHB, DeLuca J, Geurts JJG, Rombouts SARB, Ron M, Comi G. The contribution of MRI in assessing cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2011; 75:2121-8. [PMID: 21135387 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318200d768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment affects a large proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and has a profound impact on their daily-life activities. Improving the knowledge of the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment in MS and of the mechanisms responsible for its evolution over time might contribute to development of better outcome measures and targets for innovative treatment strategies. Due to their ability to detect MS-related abnormalities, MRI techniques are a valuable tool to achieve these goals. Following an updated overview of the assessment methods and profile of cognitive impairment in patients with MS, this review provides a state-of-the-art summary of the main results obtained from the application of conventional and modern magnetic resonance- based techniques to quantify MS-related damage, in terms of macroscopic lesions, as well as involvement of the normal-appearing white matter and gray matter and their association with cognitive impairment. The possible role of brain cortical reorganization in limiting the clinical consequences of disease-related damage is also discussed. Finally, the utility of the previous techniques to monitor the progression of cognitive deficits over time and the efficacy of possible therapeutic strategies is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Baerends E, Zoethout R, Beckmann CF, Veer IM, van Osch MJ, Milles JR, Ferrarini L, Gross J, Post R, Dahan A, Van Buchem MA, Van Gerven J, Rombouts SARB. Morphine and ethanol alter functional connectivity of the brain ‘at rest'. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Veer IM, Beckmann CF, Baerends E, van Tol MJ, Ferrarini L, Milles JR, Veltman DJ, Aleman A, van Buchem MA, van der Wee NJA, Rombouts SARB. Reduced Functional Connectivity in Major Depression: a Whole Brain Study of Multiple Resting-State Networks. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ferrarini L, Veer I, Baerends E, van Tol MJ, van der Wee N, van Buchem M, Reiber J, Rombouts SARB, Milles J. Consistency of Global and Local Efficiency across Frequency Bands in MR Functional Connectivity. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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16
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Jolles DD, Grol MJ, Van Buchem MA, Crone EA, Rombouts SARB. Practice with a working memory task changes functional connectivity during the rest period preceding the task. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Jolles DD, Grol MJ, Van Buchem MA, Rombouts SARB, Crone EA. Load- and manipulation dependent changes in brain activation after working memory practice. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71446-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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18
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Bastos-Leite AJ, Kuijer JPA, Rombouts SARB, Sanz-Arigita E, van Straaten EC, Gouw AA, van der Flier WM, Scheltens P, Barkhof F. Cerebral blood flow by using pulsed arterial spin-labeling in elderly subjects with white matter hyperintensities. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1296-301. [PMID: 18451090 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE On MR imaging, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on T2-weighted images are generally considered as a surrogate marker of ischemic small vessel disease in elderly subjects. Pulsed arterial spin-labeling (PASL) is a noninvasive MR perfusion-weighted technique. We hypothesized that elderly subjects with diffuse confluent WMH should have lower cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements than subjects with punctiform or beginning confluent WMH. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR images of 21 subjects (13 women; mean age, 76 years; SD, 5), stratified for the degree of WMH, from a single center within the multinational Leukoaraiosis and Disability (LADIS) study, were investigated. CBF images were obtained by means of quantitative imaging of perfusion by using a single-subtraction second version, with thin-section TI periodic saturation PASL. Values of cortical gray matter, subcortical (including white matter and deep gray matter), and global CBF were calculated. CBF measurements of subjects with diffuse confluent WMH (n = 7) were compared with those of subjects with punctiform or beginning confluent WMH (n = 14). RESULTS Subjects with diffuse confluent WMH were found to have approximately 20% lower mean global CBF (43.5 mL/100 mL/min; SD, 6.3) than subjects with punctiform or beginning confluent WMH (57.9 mL/100 mL/min; SD, 8.6; P < .01), as well as approximately 20% lower mean subcortical (P < .01) and cortical gray matter CBF (P < .05). CONCLUSION PASL revealed a significant reduction of CBF measurements in elderly subjects with diffuse confluent WMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bastos-Leite
- Image Analysis Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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19
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Karas G, Sluimer J, Goekoop R, van der Flier W, Rombouts SARB, Vrenken H, Scheltens P, Fox N, Barkhof F. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment: structural MR imaging findings predictive of conversion to Alzheimer disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:944-9. [PMID: 18296551 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered by many to be a prodromal phase of Alzheimer disease (AD). We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to find out whether structural differences on MR imaging could offer insight into the development of clinical AD in patients with amnestic MCI at 3-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four amnestic patients with MCI were included. After 3 years, 46% had progressed to AD (n = 11; age, 72.7 +/- 4.8 years; women/men, 8/3). For 13 patients (age, 72.4 +/- 8.6 years; women/men, 10/3), the diagnosis remained MCI. Baseline MR imaging at 1.5T included a coronal heavily T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo sequence. Localized gray matter differences were assessed with VBM. RESULTS The converters had less gray matter volume in medial (including the hippocampus) and lateral temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and lateral temporal lobe structures. After correction for age, sex, total gray matter volume, and neuropsychological evaluation, left-sided atrophy remained statistically significant. Specifically, converters had more left parietal atrophy (angular gyrus and inferior parietal lobule) and left lateral temporal lobe atrophy (superior and middle temporal gyrus) than stable patients with MCI. CONCLUSION By studying 2 MCI populations, converters versus nonconverters, we found atrophy beyond the medial temporal lobe to be characteristic of patients with MCI who will progress to dementia. Atrophy of structures such as the left lateral temporal lobe and left parietal cortex may independently predict conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karas
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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20
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Damoiseaux JS, Beckmann CF, Arigita EJS, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Stam CJ, Smith SM, Rombouts SARB. Reduced resting-state brain activity in the "default network" in normal aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 18:1856-64. [PMID: 18063564 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhm207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 891] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Normal aging is associated with cognitive decline. Functions such as attention, information processing, and working memory are compromised. It has been hypothesized that not only regional changes, but also alterations in the integration of regional brain activity (functional brain connectivity) underlie the observed age-related deficits. Here, we examined the functional properties of brain networks based on spontaneous fluctuations within brain systems using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We hypothesized that functional connectivity of intrinsic brain activity in the "default-mode" network (DMN) is affected by normal aging and that this relates to cognitive function. Ten younger and 22 older subjects were scanned at "rest," that is, lying awake with eyes closed. Our results show decreased activity in older versus younger subjects in 2 resting-state networks (RSNs) resembling the previously described DMN, containing the superior and middle frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate, middle temporal gyrus, and the superior parietal region. These results remain significant after correction for RSN-specific gray matter volume. The relevance of these findings is illustrated by the correlation between reduced activity of one of these RSNs and less effective executive functioning/processing speed in the older group.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Damoiseaux
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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21
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Zanolie K, Van Leijenhorst L, Rombouts SARB, Crone EA. Separable neural mechanisms contribute to feedback processing in a rule-learning task. Neuropsychologia 2007; 46:117-26. [PMID: 17900633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
To adjust performance appropriately to environmental demands, it is important to monitor ongoing action and process performance feedback for possible errors. In this study, we used fMRI to test whether medial prefrontal cortex (PFC)/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral (DL) PFC have different roles in feedback processing. Twenty adults completed a rule-switch task in which rules had to be inferred on the basis of positive and negative feedback and the rules could change unexpectedly. Negative feedback resulted in increased activation in medial PFC/ACC and DLPFC relative to positive feedback, but the regions were differentially active depending on the type of negative feedback. Whereas medial PFC/ACC was most active following unexpected feedback indicating that prior performance was no longer correct, DLPFC was most active following negative feedback that was informative for correct behavior on the next trial. The current findings show that inconsistent results about the role of prefrontal cortex regions in feedback processing are most likely associated with the informative value of the performance feedback. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that medial PFC/ACC is important for signaling expectation violation whereas DLPFC is important for goal-directed actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zanolie
- Leiden University Institute for Psychological Research (LU-IPR), Leiden University, The Netherlands
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22
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Wessels AM, Rombouts SARB, Remijnse PL, Boom Y, Scheltens P, Barkhof F, Heine RJ, Snoek FJ. Cognitive performance in type 1 diabetes patients is associated with cerebral white matter volume. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1763-9. [PMID: 17546438 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Cognitive performance in type 1 diabetes may be compromised as a result of chronic hyperglycaemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive functioning of patients with type 1 diabetes (including a subgroup with a microvascular complication) and nondiabetic controls, and to assess the relationship between cognition and cerebral grey and white matter volumes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with type 1 diabetes (of whom ten had proliferative retinopathy) and nine nondiabetic controls (matched in terms of sex, age and education) underwent a neuropsychological examination and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Fractional brain tissue volumes (tissue volume relative to total intracranial volume) were obtained from each participant. RESULTS Compared with nondiabetic controls, patients with diabetes performed worse on tests measuring speed of information processing and visuoconstruction; patients with microvascular disease performed worse on the former cognitive domain (p = 0.03), whereas patients without complications performed worse on the latter domain (p = 0.01). Patients with a microvascular complication had a significantly smaller white matter volume than nondiabetic controls (p = 0.04), and smaller white matter volume was associated with worse performance on the domains of speed of information processing and attention and executive function. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Patients with diabetes demonstrated several subtle neuropsychological deficits, which were found to be related to white matter volume. Since patients with diabetic retinopathy had a smaller white matter volume, this suggests that cognitive decline is at least partly mediated by microvascular disease. This needs to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Wessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Centre, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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23
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Wessels AM, Simsek S, Remijnse PL, Veltman DJ, Biessels GJ, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Snoek FJ, Heine RJ, Rombouts SARB. Voxel-based morphometry demonstrates reduced grey matter density on brain MRI in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2006; 49:2474-80. [PMID: 16703329 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In addition to nephropathy, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy, a microvascular complication of type 1 diabetes that may be tentatively referred to as 'diabetic encephalopathy' has gained increasing attention. There is growing evidence that lowered cognitive performance in patients with type 1 diabetes is related to chronic hyperglycaemia rather than recurrent episodes of severe hypoglycaemia, as previously speculated. The aim of our study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to establish whether long-term hyperglycaemia, resulting in advanced retinopathy, contributes to structural changes in the brain (reduced grey matter). SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied voxel-based morphometry on magnetic resonance images to compare grey matter density (GMD) between three groups of participants. GMD is used as a marker of cortical atrophy. We compared 13 type 1 diabetic patients with a microvascular complication (i.e. proliferative retinopathy) with 18 type 1 diabetic patients who did not have retinopathy in order to assess the effects of microvascular changes on GMD. Both patient groups were compared with 21 healthy control subjects to assess the effect of diabetes in itself. RESULTS Patients with diabetic retinopathy showed reduced GMD in the right inferior frontal gyrus and right occipital lobe compared both with patients without retinopathy and with healthy controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data show that patients with type 1 diabetes, who, as a consequence of chronic hyperglycaemia, had developed advanced retinopathy, also showed increased focal cortical atrophy on brain MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Wessels
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Damoiseaux JS, Rombouts SARB, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Stam CJ, Smith SM, Beckmann CF. Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:13848-53. [PMID: 16945915 PMCID: PMC1564249 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601417103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3111] [Impact Index Per Article: 172.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) can be applied to study the functional connectivity of the human brain. It has been suggested that fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal during rest reflect the neuronal baseline activity of the brain, representing the state of the human brain in the absence of goal-directed neuronal action and external input, and that these slow fluctuations correspond to functionally relevant resting-state networks. Several studies on resting fMRI have been conducted, reporting an apparent similarity between the identified patterns. The spatial consistency of these resting patterns, however, has not yet been evaluated and quantified. In this study, we apply a data analysis approach called tensor probabilistic independent component analysis to resting-state fMRI data to find coherencies that are consistent across subjects and sessions. We characterize and quantify the consistency of these effects by using a bootstrapping approach, and we estimate the BOLD amplitude modulation as well as the voxel-wise cross-subject variation. The analysis found 10 patterns with potential functional relevance, consisting of regions known to be involved in motor function, visual processing, executive functioning, auditory processing, memory, and the so-called default-mode network, each with BOLD signal changes up to 3%. In general, areas with a high mean percentage BOLD signal are consistent and show the least variation around the mean. These findings show that the baseline activity of the brain is consistent across subjects exhibiting significant temporal dynamics, with percentage BOLD signal change comparable with the signal changes found in task-related experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Damoiseaux
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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25
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Vrenken H, Rombouts SARB, Pouwels PJW, Barkhof F. Voxel-based analysis of quantitative T1 maps demonstrates that multiple sclerosis acts throughout the normal-appearing white matter. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2006; 27:868-74. [PMID: 16611780 PMCID: PMC8133976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Disease activity in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been demonstrated in vivo with T1 relaxation time measurements. We aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of T1 increases in MS NAWM without a priori selection of specific regions. METHODS Whole-brain quantitative T1 maps were measured in 67 patients with one of the 3 main clinical types of MS (13 primary progressive [PP], 36 relapsing-remitting [RR], and 18 secondary progressive [SP]) and in 23 healthy control subjects. After registration to standard space and segmentation of NAWM, the maps were analyzed by using voxel-based analyses with a cluster-based corrected P threshold of .05. RESULTS Group mean T1 relaxation times throughout NAWM increased when going from control subjects to PP to RR to SP MS. In the RR and SP MS groups, the T1 increases compared with control subjects were significant throughout the NAWM, without apparent preference for specific brain regions. In RR MS, 16% of NAWM voxels displayed a significant increase in T1 compared with control subjects, and in SP, this fraction was 49%. The comparison between RR MS and the subsequent phase SP MS revealed that, in these patients, disease progression occurs throughout the NAWM. In patients with PP MS, the spatial extent of significant T1 increases is limited. There were no correlations with clinical disability scales or brain volume in a substantial fraction of voxels. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that in patients with RR MS and SP MS, NAWM disease processes have no regional preferences but can occur throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vrenken
- MR Center for MS Research, Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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26
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Goekoop R, Duschek EJJ, Knol DL, Barkhof F, Netelenbos C, Scheltens P, Rombouts SARB. Raloxifene exposure enhances brain activation during memory performance in healthy elderly males; its possible relevance to behavior. Neuroimage 2005; 25:63-75. [PMID: 15734344 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Revised: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is prescribed in females only, but its use in male subjects is increasingly considered. With a growing number of patients having potential benefit from raloxifene, the need for an assessment of its effects on brain function is growing. Effects of estrogens on brain function are very subtle and difficult to detect by neuropsychological assessment. Functional imaging techniques, however, have been relatively successful in detecting such changes. This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine effects of raloxifene treatment on memory function. Healthy elderly males (n = 28; mean age 63.6 years, SD 2.4) were scanned during performance on a face encoding paradigm. Scans were made at baseline and after 3 months of treatment with either raloxifene (n = 14) or placebo (n = 14). Treatment effects were analyzed using mixed-effects statistical analysis (FSL). Activation during task performance involved bilateral parietal and prefrontal areas, anterior cingulate gyrus, and inferior prefrontal, occipital, and mediotemporal areas bilaterally. When compared to placebo, raloxifene treatment significantly enhanced activation in these structures (Z > 3.1), except for mediotemporal areas. Task performance accuracy diminished in the placebo group (P = 0.02), but remained constant in the raloxifene group (P = 0.60). In conclusion, raloxifene treatment enhanced brain activation in areas spanning a number of different cognitive domains, suggesting an effect on cortical arousal. Such effects may translate into small effects on behavior, including effects on attention and working memory performance, executive functions, verbal skills, and episodic memory. Further neuropsychological assessment is necessary to test the validity of these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Goekoop
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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27
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Karas GB, Scheltens P, Rombouts SARB, Visser PJ, van Schijndel RA, Fox NC, Barkhof F. Global and local gray matter loss in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 2005; 23:708-16. [PMID: 15488420 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2004] [Revised: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is thought to be the prodromal phase to Alzheimer's disease (AD). We analyzed patterns of gray matter (GM) loss to examine what characterizes MCI and what determines the difference with AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-three subjects with AD, 14 normal elderly controls (NCLR), and 22 amnestic MCI subjects were included and underwent brain MR imaging. Global GM volume was assessed using segmentation and local GM volume was assessed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM); VBM was optimized for template mismatch and statistical mass. RESULTS AD subjects had significantly (12.3%) lower mean global GM volume when compared to controls (517 +/- 58 vs. 590 +/- 52 ml; P < 0.001). Global GM volume in the MCI group (552 +/- 52) was intermediate between these two: 6.2% lower than AD and 6.5% higher than the controls but not significantly different from either group. VBM showed that subjects with MCI had significant local reductions in gray matter in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), the insula, and thalamus compared to NCLR subjects. By contrast, when compared to subjects with AD, MCI subjects had more GM in the parietal association areas and the anterior and the posterior cingulate. CONCLUSION GM loss in the MTL characterizes MCI, while GM loss in the parietal and cingulate cortices might be a feature of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Karas
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Stam CJ, Montez T, Jones BF, Rombouts SARB, van der Made Y, Pijnenburg YAL, Scheltens P. Disturbed fluctuations of resting state EEG synchronization in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 116:708-15. [PMID: 15721085 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Revised: 09/18/2004] [Accepted: 09/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the hypothesis that cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease is associated with abnormal spontaneous fluctuations of EEG synchronization levels during an eyes-closed resting state. METHODS EEGs were recorded during an eyes-closed resting state in Alzheimer patients (N=24; 9 males; mean age 76.3 years; SD 7.8; range 59-86) and non-demented subjects with subjective memory complaints (N=19; 9 males; mean age 76.1 years; SD 6.7; range: 67-89). The mean level of synchronization was determined in different frequency bands with the synchronization likelihood and fluctuations of the synchronization level were analysed with detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). RESULTS The mean level of EEG synchronization was lower in Alzheimer patients in the upper alpha (10-13Hz) and beta (13-30Hz) band. Spontaneous fluctuations of synchronization were diminished in Alzheimer patients in the lower alpha (8-10Hz) and beta bands. In patients as well as controls the synchronization fluctuations showed a scale-free pattern. CONCLUSIONS Alzheimer's disease is characterized both by a lower mean level of functional connectivity as well as by diminished fluctuations in the level of synchronization. The dynamics of these fluctuations in patients and controls was scale-free which might point to self-organized criticality of neural networks in the brain. SIGNIFICANCE Impaired functional connectivity can manifest itself not only in decreased levels of synchronization but also in disturbed fluctuations of synchronization levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Stam
- Alzheimer Centre, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, VU University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Vandenbroucke MWG, Goekoop R, Duschek EJJ, Netelenbos JC, Kuijer JPA, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, Rombouts SARB. Interindividual differences of medial temporal lobe activation during encoding in an elderly population studied by fMRI. Neuroimage 2004; 21:173-80. [PMID: 14741654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) is used to study medial temporal lobe (MTL) activation during encoding of new information into memory. In most studies, fMRI data of different subjects are averaged in standard coordinate space. However, interindividual differences in activation can be extensive, reflecting functional heterogeneity. Further, anatomical differences in brain structure cause additional variance and loss of registration accuracy. Such differences in structural and functional MTL characteristics may interfere with the efficiency of averaging data across subjects, and may become more significant with aging and dementia. The current study concerns the analysis of individual differences in MTL activation associated with episodic encoding.Twenty-nine healthy elderly men between 60 and 70 years old performed a simple face encoding task during fMRI scanning. Individual data were analyzed in native space, and compared to the group average in standard space (Talairach and Tournoux).MTL volumes between subjects varied between 6.34 and 11.27 cm(3), and had considerable variation when mapped to standard space. Eighteen of the 29 subjects showed MTL activity and activation patterns varied both in location and size (ranging from 0.11 to 1.78 cm(3)), with the strongest activation in the left posterior part of the MTL. In standard space, no region was significantly activated on a group level at a comparable alpha level. We conclude that while the majority of elderly subjects show MTL activation during episodic encoding of faces, there is considerable structural and functional variability between subjects. Group analysis in standard space may not be appropriate for studies of a complex structure such as the MTL, particularly not in aging and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W G Vandenbroucke
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Rombouts SARB, Stam CJ, Kuijer JPA, Scheltens P, Barkhof F. Identifying confounds to increase specificity during a “no task condition”. Neuroimage 2003; 20:1236-45. [PMID: 14568492 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2003] [Revised: 05/22/2003] [Accepted: 06/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI can be applied to study connectivity in the brain during a "no task condition." This study focuses on applying a multiple linear regression analysis to identify spurious connectivity caused by confounding factors such as physiologic noise and to separate these from hippocampal connectivity caused by the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal during a no-task condition. Regressors of interest (hippocampal time courses) as well as regressors of no interest (respiratory signal and cerebrospinal fluid), were included in the analysis, and each yielded a connectivity map. This method was applied at high sampling rate (limited volume, proper physiologic noise sampling), low sampling rate (whole brain scans possible), and at high and low spatial resolution in five healthy control subjects. Regressors of no interest showed specific connectivity patterns, different from hippocampal regressors. The latter showed connectivity between left and right hippocampus. The current study shows successful application of a multiple regression analysis to study connectivity between left and right hippocampus. Both maps of hippocampal connectivity caused by BOLD signal and connectivity caused by spurious signals could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A R B Rombouts
- Department of Physics and Medical Technology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rombouts SARB, van Swieten JC, Pijnenburg YAL, Goekoop R, Barkhof F, Scheltens P. Loss of frontal fMRI activation in early frontotemporal dementia compared to early AD. Neurology 2003; 60:1904-8. [PMID: 12821731 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000069462.11741.ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare frontal cortex activation in patients with early frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with that in patients with early AD. METHODS Seven patients with FTD and seven patients with AD were studied (Clinical Dementia Rating: four patients with FTD 0.5, three patients with FTD 1, all patients with AD 1; mean Mini-Mental State Examination score: FTD 28.0 +/- 2.1, AD 23.1 +/- 2.7). Cerebral atrophy on MRI was mild, with no differences between FTD and AD. A parametric working memory task was applied to assess frontal activation as a function of working memory load. RESULTS The activated working memory network in FTD and AD included frontal and parietal lobe and thalamus. In frontal and parietal cortex, brain activation was significantly decreased in FTD. Frontal regions in patients with FTD showed less linear activation increase with working memory load than in AD. Possibly as a compensation mechanism, the cerebellum showed a stronger increasing response in FTD. CONCLUSIONS These data on regional functional loss in the frontal cortex in early FTD suggest that fMRI can identify FTD when results on structural MRI are normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A R B Rombouts
- Department of Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Karas GB, Burton EJ, Rombouts SARB, van Schijndel RA, O'Brien JT, Scheltens PH, McKeith IG, Williams D, Ballard C, Barkhof F. A comprehensive study of gray matter loss in patients with Alzheimer's disease using optimized voxel-based morphometry. Neuroimage 2003; 18:895-907. [PMID: 12725765 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) has already been applied to MRI scans of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results of these studies demonstrated atrophy of the hippocampus, temporal pole, and insula, but did not describe any global brain changes or atrophy of deep cerebral structures. We propose an optimized VBM method, which accounts for these shortcomings. Additional processing steps are incorporated in the method, to ensure that the whole spectrum of brain atrophy is visualized. A local group template was created to avoid registration bias, morphological opening was performed to eliminate cerebrospinal fluid voxel misclassifications, and volume preserving modulation was used to correct for local volume changes. Group differences were assessed and thresholded at P < 0.05 (corrected). Our results confirm earlier findings, but additionally we demonstrate global cortical atrophy with sparing of the sensorimotor cortex, occipital poles, and cerebellum. Moreover, we show atrophy of the caudate head nuclei and medial thalami. Our findings are in full agreement with the established neuropathological descriptions, offering a comprehensive view of atrophy patterns in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Karas
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Daselaar SM, Veltman DJ, Rombouts SARB, Raaijmakers JGW, Jonker C. Neuroanatomical correlates of episodic encoding and retrieval in young and elderly subjects. Brain 2003; 126:43-56. [PMID: 12477696 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awg005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion studies have shown convincingly that the medial temporal lobes (MTL) and frontal lobes are critical to episodic memory. Ageing generally has been found to have a generally negative effect on episodic memory performance, which might relate to neurofunctional changes in the frontal and medial temporal brain regions. In the present study, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate separately the contributions of encoding and retrieval to the age-related decline in memory. To this end, we compared brain activity patterns obtained during incidental encoding (pleasant/unpleasant judgements about nouns) and subsequent retrieval (recognition) in three groups: a group of young subjects, a group of elderly subjects showing reduced memory performance (ELD-RED), and a group of elderly subjects who still performed in the normal range (ELD-NORM). This allowed us to differentiate between age-related changes in brain activity that affect memory function and those that do not have an apparent effect on memory function, because they are found in both elderly groups. Contrary to previous imaging studies on this topic, we used (self-paced) event-related fMRI to control for differences in performance level across groups by including correct responses only. Comparing the encoding of successfully remembered items with baseline (press left/press right), the young subjects showed a significant increase in brain activation in the left anterior MTL compared with the ELD-RED but not the ELD-NORM subjects. Comparing correctly rejected items (retrieval attempt) with baseline, the ELD-RED group showed much increased overall activity throughout the brain compared with the other groups. However, when correctly recognized items (retrieval attempt + success) were compared directly with correctly rejected items (retrieval attempt), these differences were greatly reduced, revealing common activity in the left parietal, retrosplenial and left anterior prefrontal regions. Therefore, we conclude that the reduced performance in the ELD-RED group is likely to be due to MTL dysfunction during encoding. The differences observed during retrieval attempts may reflect strategic differences. The lack of differences observed in relation to retrieval success suggests that ageing does not affect the processes that support the actual recovery of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Daselaar
- Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rombouts SARB, Barkhof F, Van Meel CS, Scheltens P. Alterations in brain activation during cholinergic enhancement with rivastigmine in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 73:665-71. [PMID: 12438467 PMCID: PMC1757335 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.73.6.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rivastigmine enhances cholinergic activity and has been shown in clinical trials to decrease the rate of deterioration in Alzheimer's disease. It remains unclear where in the brain it exerts its effect. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to measure changes in brain function and relate these to cognition. OBJECTIVES To use fMRI to study brain activation with rivastigmine treatment. METHODS The effect on brain activation of a single dose of rivastigmine was tested in seven patients with mild Alzheimer's disease using fMRI during face encoding, and in five patients during a parametric working memory task. RESULTS During face encoding, rivastigmine increased bilateral activation in the fusiform gyrus. Brain activation was also enhanced in the prefrontal cortex in a simple working memory task. When working memory load was further increased, not only was increased activation seen, but in certain areas there was also decreased activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings link the previously observed increase in cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease after treatment with a cholinesterase inhibitor to altered brain activation. Although the results cannot be generalised to the Alzheimer's disease population at large, they provide evidence that in mild Alzheimer's disease, rivastigmine enhances brain activation in the fusiform and frontal cortices. This is compatible with the concept of cholinergic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A R B Rombouts
- Department of Neurology/Alzheimer Centre, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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