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Paz C, Suárez E, Cabarcos A, Pinto SIS. Numerical Study of a Thrombus Migration Risk in Aneurysm After Coil Embolization in Patient Cases: FSI Modelling. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2023; 14:544-559. [PMID: 37468797 PMCID: PMC10465652 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-023-00672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are still many challenges for modelling a thrombus migration process in aneurysms. The main novelty of the present research lies in the modelling of aneurysm clot migration process in a realistic cerebral aneurysm, and the analysis of forces suffered by clots inside an aneurysm, through transient FSI simulations. METHODS The blood flow has been modelled using a Womersley velocity profile, and following the Carreau viscosity model. Hyperelastic Ogden model has been used for clot and isotropic linear elastic model for the artery walls. The FSI coupled model was implemented in ANSYS® software. The hemodynamic forces suffered by the clot have been quantified using eight different clot sizes and positions inside a real aneurysm. RESULTS The obtained results have shown that it is almost impossible for clots adjacent to aneurysm walls, to leave the aneurysm. Nevertheless, in clots positioned in the centre of the aneurysm, there is a real risk of clot migration. The risk of migration of a typical post-coiling intervention clot in an aneurysm, in contact with the wall and occupying a significant percentage of its volume is very low in the case studied, even in the presence of abnormally intense events, associated with sneezes or impacts. CONCLUSIONS The proposed methodology allows evaluating the clot migration risk, vital for evaluating the progress after endovascular interventions, it is a step forward in the personalized medicine, patient follow-up, and helping the medical team deciding the optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Paz
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - E. Suárez
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - A. Cabarcos
- CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - S. I. S. Pinto
- Engineering Faculty of University of Porto, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA-INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Paz C, Suárez E, Cabarcos A, Pinto SIS. FSI modeling on the effect of artery-aneurysm thickness and coil embolization in patient cases. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2021; 206:106148. [PMID: 33992899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The attainment of a methodology to simulate the hemodynamic in patient-specific cerebral vessels with aneurysms is still a challenge. The novelty of this work is focused on the effect of coil embolization in a realistic cerebral aneurysm, according to the vessel wall thickness and aneurysm thickness, through transient FSI simulations. METHODS The quality of the mesh for simulations was checked with a specific mesh convergence study; and the numerical methodology was validated using numerical research data of the literature. The model was implemented in ANSYS® software. The total deformation and equivalent stress evolution in the studied cases, before and after coil embolization, were compared. More than 20 different models were employed due to different arterial wall thickness and aneurysm wall thickness combinations. RESULTS The obtained results have showed that deformation and stress values are highly influenced with the sac thickness. The thinner sac aneurysm thickness is, the greater deformation and stress are. The results after coil embolization process have highlighted that considering typical values of arterial wall thickness and aneurysm thickness 0.3 mm and 0.15 mm respectively, a deformation reduction around 50% and a stress reduction around 70% can be achieved. CONCLUSIONS The proposed methodology is a step forward in the personalized medicine, quantifying the aneurysm rupture risk reduction, and helping the medical team in the preoperative planning, or to deciding the optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Paz
- CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, España.
| | - E Suárez
- CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, España.
| | - A Cabarcos
- CINTECX, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo 36310, España.
| | - S I S Pinto
- Engineering Faculty of University of Porto, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA-INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
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Miranda E, Sousa LC, António CC, Castro CF, Pinto SIS. Role of the left coronary artery geometry configuration in atherosusceptibility: CFD simulations considering sPTT model for blood. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2021; 24:1488-1503. [PMID: 33661071 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1894555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of clinically viable methodologies to simulate the hemodynamics in patient-specific coronary arteries is still a major challenge. Therefore, the novelty of this work is attained by the introduction of the viscoelastic property of blood in the numerical simulations, to study the role of the left coronary artery (LCA) geometry configuration in the atherosusceptibility. Apparently healthy patients were used and four different methodologies were tested. The methodology giving the most accurate results at the same time of having the lowest computational time is the one considering the viscoelastic property of blood and computational fluid dynamics. A Pearson correlation analysis was used to highlight relationships between geometric configuration and hemodynamic descriptors based on the simulated wall shear stress (WSS). The left main stem (LMS) has the greatest atherosusceptibility followed by the left anterior descending artery (LAD) since the relative residence time (RRT) average values are 3.81 and 3.70 Pa-1, respectively. The geometric parameters with relevant contribution to directional flow change are the cross-sectional areas, especially the one of LMS segment (ALMS), and the curvature of LMS segment. For LMS and LAD segments, when ALMS increases, blood flow disturbance (r = 0.81 in LMS and r = 0.74 in LAD) and atherosusceptibility (r = 0.84 in LMS and r = 0.85 in LAD) increases. When the LMS curvature decreases, the WSS magnitude (r = 0.80 in LMS and r = 0.83 in LAD) decreases, and disturbance (r=-0.80 in LMS and r=-0.91 in LAD) and atherosusceptibility (r=-0.74 in LMS and r=-0.74 in LAD) increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Miranda
- Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - L C Sousa
- Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA-INEGI), Porto, Portugal
| | - C C António
- Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA-INEGI), Porto, Portugal
| | - C F Castro
- Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA-INEGI), Porto, Portugal
| | - S I S Pinto
- Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (LAETA-INEGI), Porto, Portugal
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Pinto SIS, Campos JBLM, Azevedo E, Castro CF, Sousa LC. Numerical study on the hemodynamics of patient-specific carotid bifurcation using a new mesh approach. Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng 2018; 34:e2972. [PMID: 29470857 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The definition of a suitable mesh to simulate blood flow in the human carotid bifurcation has been investigated. In this research, a novel mesh generation method is proposed: hexahedral cells at the center of the vessel and a fine grid of tetrahedral cells near the artery wall, in order to correctly simulate the large blood velocity gradients associated with specific locations. The selected numerical examples to show the pertinence of the novel generation method are supported by carotid ultrasound image data of a patient-specific case. Doppler systolic blood velocities measured during ultrasound examination are compared with simulated velocities using 4 different combinations of hexahedral and tetrahedral meshes and different fluid dynamic simulators. The Lin's test was applied to show the concordance of the results. Wall shear stress-based descriptors and localized normalized helicity descriptor emphasize the performance of the new method. Another feature is the reduced computation time required by the developed methodology. With the accurate combined mesh, different flow rate partitions, between the internal carotid artery and external carotid artery, were studied. The overall effect of the partitions is mainly in the blood flow patterns and in the hot-spot modulation of atherosclerosis-susceptible regions, rather than in their distribution along the bifurcation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I S Pinto
- Transport Phenomena Research Center (CEFT), Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200 - 465, Porto, Portugal
| | - J B L M Campos
- Transport Phenomena Research Center (CEFT), Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200 - 465, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Azevedo
- Department of Neurology, São João Hospital Centre, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200 - 319, Porto, Portugal
| | - C F Castro
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200 - 465, Porto, Portugal
| | - L C Sousa
- Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200 - 465, Porto, Portugal
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Doutel E, Pinto SIS, Campos JBLM, Miranda JM. Link between deviations from Murray's Law and occurrence of low wall shear stress regions in the left coronary artery. J Theor Biol 2016; 402:89-99. [PMID: 27157126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Murray developed two laws for the geometry of bifurcations in the circulatory system. Based on the principle of energy minimization, Murray found restrictions for the relation between the diameters and also between the angles of the branches. It is known that bifurcations are prone to the development of atherosclerosis, in regions associated to low wall shear stresses (WSS) and high oscillatory shear index (OSI). These indicators (size of low WSS regions, size of high OSI regions and size of high helicity regions) were evaluated in this work. All of them were normalized by the size of the outflow branches. The relation between Murray's laws and the size of low WSS regions was analysed in detail. It was found that the main factor leading to large regions of low WSS is the so called expansion ratio, a relation between the cross section areas of the outflow branches and the cross section area of the main branch. Large regions of low WSS appear for high expansion ratios. Furthermore, the size of low WSS regions is independent of the ratio between the diameters of the outflow branches. Since the expansion ratio in bifurcations following Murray's law is kept in a small range (1 and 1.25), all of them have regions of low WSS with similar size. However, the expansion ratio is not small enough to completely prevent regions with low WSS values and, therefore, Murray's law does not lead to atherosclerosis minimization. A study on the effect of the angulation of the bifurcation suggests that the Murray's law for the angles does not minimize the size of low WSS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Doutel
- Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - S I S Pinto
- Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - J B L M Campos
- Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - J M Miranda
- Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Abstract
The present work is about the application of wall shear stress descriptors - time averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillating shear index (OSI) and relative residence time (RRT) - to the study of blood flow in the left coronary artery (LCA). These descriptors aid the prediction of disturbed flow conditions in the vessels and play a significant role in the detection of potential zones of atherosclerosis development. Hemodynamic descriptors data were obtained, numerically, through ANSYS® software, for the LCA of a patient-specific geometry and for a 3D idealized model. Comparing both cases, the results are coherent, in terms of location and magnitude. Low TAWSS, high OSI and high RRT values are observed in the bifurcation - potential zone of atherosclerosis appearance. The dissimilarities observed in the TAWSS values, considering blood as a Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid, releases the importance of the correct blood rheologic caracterization. Moreover, for a higher Reynolds number, the TAWSS values decrease in the bifurcation and along the LAD branch, increasing the probability of plaques deposition. Furthermore, for a stenotic LCA model, very low TAWSS and high RRT values in front and behind the stenosis are observed, indicating the probable extension, in the flow direction, of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I S Pinto
- a Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - J B L M Campos
- a Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Baldasso C, Pinto SIS, Silveira GS, Marczak LDF, Tessaro IC, Campos JBLM, Miranda JM. Membrane Characterization Based on PEG Rejection and CFD Analysis. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.1001907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Pinto SIS, Miranda JM, Campos JBLM. The Effect of Variable Transport Properties in the Separation of Two Macromolecules by Differential Diffusivity in a Hybrid Membrane Cell – A CFD Study. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2011.580307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. I. S. Pinto
- a Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Departamento de Eng. Química , Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - J. M. Miranda
- a Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Departamento de Eng. Química , Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - J. B. L. M. Campos
- a Centro de Estudos de Fenómenos de Transporte, Departamento de Eng. Química , Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Pinto SIS, Miranda JM, Campos JBLM. Use of Hybrid Membrane Cells To Improve the Apparent Selectivity in the Fractionation of Two Components: Computational Fluid Dynamics Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie100152y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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