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El-Halabi S, Cooper DH, Cha DS, Rosenblat JD, Gill B, Rodrigues NB, Lipsitz O, McIntyre RS, Gill H. The effects of antidepressant medications on antiretroviral treatment adherence in HIV-positive individuals with depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:219-225. [PMID: 34952118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Extant literature has identified Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as a comorbid disorder in individuals with seropositive human immunodeficiency disorder (HIV), and this may affect HIV-treatment efficacy. However, there is a paucity of literature evaluating the effects of antidepressant use on antiretroviral therapies (ART) in HIV-positive individuals. Herein, the following review assesses the effects of antidepressant medications on ART adherence in HIV-positive individuals with diagnosed MDD. Methods A systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search engines were conducted between database inception to June 12th, 2020 using the search and MeSH terms: (HIV) AND (antiretroviral or treatment) AND (depress*) AND (antidepressants) AND (adherence). Results We identified nine articles that evaluated ART adherence in HIV-positive individuals using antidepressants. Of the nine included articles, eight articles evaluated participants undergoing ART, and one article evaluated participants undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Our primary findings suggest that patients who took antidepressant treatment for depression demonstrated greater adherence to HIV treatments and a reduction in missed HIV medication dosage. Limitations The heterogeneity of study design between the included studies was high. Conclusion The current review suggests that response to antidepressant medication may improve adherence to HIV treatments in HIV-positive individuals with comorbid depression. Further studies should expand the findings to explore the effects of disparate psychotropic agents on adherence behaviors among patients with HIV to identify the benefits of these agents on long-term health outcomes in this vulnerable clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine El-Halabi
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel H Cooper
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle S Cha
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua Daniel Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barjot Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nelson B Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Gill H, Perez CD, Gill B, El-Halabi S, Lee Y, Lipsitz O, Park C, Mansur RB, Rodrigues NB, McIntyre RS, Rosenblat JD. The Prevalence of Suicidal Behaviour in Fibromyalgia Patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110078. [PMID: 32853715 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibromyalgia (FM) is a condition associated with chronic pain in muscles and soft tissues. Extant literature has demonstrated an association between FM, mood symptoms and suicidal behaviour. This systematic review aims to synthesize available literature assessing the prevalence of suicidality in FM populations and qualitatively review the included articles. METHODS PsycINFO, Google Scholar and PubMed databases were systematically searched for studies published from database inception to 15 February 2020. Studies were included that assessed FM as a primary or co-primary disease condition, as well as an assessment of suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideations (SI), suicide attempts (SA) and death by suicide (SC)). The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS 699 unique articles were reviewed for eligibility. Data were derived from nine studies (cross-sectional: k = 5; retrospective cohort: k = 4) that assessed suicidal behaviour in FM participants (SI: k = 5, SC: k = 3, SA: k = 3). Four studies assessing SI found elevated rates of SI among FM participants. Three studies found elevated risk for SC and three studies found increased SA in FM participants relative to the general population. In two studies, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for depression and other psychiatric comorbidities. CONCLUSION Preliminary findings suggest that FM is associated with significantly higher risks for SI, SA and SC compared to the general population. There may be unique risk factors underlying suicidal behaviour in FM patients and the interaction between FM and other known risk factors (i.e., mental illness) require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Carlos D Perez
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barjot Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabine El-Halabi
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Caroline Park
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nelson B Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gill H, Gill B, Lipsitz O, Rodrigues NB, Cha DS, El-Halabi S, Mansur RB, Rosenblat JD, Cooper DH, Lee Y, Nasri F, McIntyre RS. The impact of overweight/obesity on monetary reward processing: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:456-464. [PMID: 33798972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Converging evidence suggests abnormalities in monetary reward processing may underlie the shared pathophysiology between major depressive disorder and obesity. As such, there is a need to parse deficits in specific subcomponents of monetary reward functioning (i.e., valuation, learning and anticipation). METHODS PsycINFO, Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched for English-language articles published between database inception to June 6th, 2020. Studies were identified using the following medical search heading (MeSH) terms and search strings: (reward (valuation OR motivation OR anticipation OR learning OR functioning OR decision-making OR reinforcement)) AND ((obesity OR overweight OR obese). RESULTS Findings were reviewed from 11 studies evaluating the association between obesity and monetary reward processing. Four studies found significant differences in reward learning in individuals with obesity compared to normal-weight participants. Five studies found body mass index (BMI) to be predictive of willingness to expend effort (i.e., valuation) for a monetary reward. Three studies found changes in neural activations in the ventral striatum during anticipatory phases preceding receipt of a monetary reward in participants with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Participants with obesity demonstrated significantly poorer performance in task-based measures of reward learning, valuation, and anticipation, resulting in lower monetary reward outcomes across all studies compared to healthy controls. Notably, participants with obesity and comorbid depression performed worse than participants with no comorbid depression. LIMITATIONS There persists heterogeneity between studies with regards to inclusion of mood disorder populations and exclusion of psychiatric comorbidities in groups with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barjot Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | - Danielle S Cha
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sabine El-Halabi
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Daniel Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel H Cooper
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Flora Nasri
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Canadian Rapid Treatment Center of Excellence, Mississauga, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Gill H, Gill B, Rodrigues NB, Lipsitz O, Rosenblat JD, El-Halabi S, Nasri F, Mansur RB, Lee Y, McIntyre RS. The Effects of Ketamine on Cognition in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review and Priority Avenues for Future Research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:78-85. [PMID: 33242561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Replicated evidence has documented cognitive deficits in populations with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Approximately 40 % of patients with MDD present with impairment of one or more cognitive domains. As such, there is an unmet need to discover treatments that have pro-cognitive effects in TRD patients. Ketamine has demonstrated efficacy as a rapid-onset intervention for the treatment of depression. The objective of the current review was to assess the effects of ketamine on cognition in TRD patients. We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar and PsycINFO between database inception to March 24th, 2020. We identified five studies that evaluated cognition in TRD populations following ketamine treatment. All studies included a 0.5 mg/kg subanesthetic intravenous (IV) administration of ketamine. One study found significant improvements in complex (p = .008) and simple (p = .027) working memory and one study found improvements in visual learning memory following IV ketamine infusions (p = .014). Improvements in speed of processing and verbal learning memory were observed in anxious TRD participants only. Importantly, a subanesthetic dose of IV ketamine does not worsen cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barjot Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nelson B Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Daniel Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabine El-Halabi
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Flora Nasri
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Gill H, Gill B, El-Halabi S, Chen-Li D, Lipsitz O, Rosenblat JD, Van Rheenen TE, Rodrigues NB, Mansur RB, Majeed A, Lui LMW, Nasri F, Lee Y, Mcintyre RS. Antidepressant Medications and Weight Change: A Narrative Review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:2064-2072. [PMID: 33022115 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressant medications are the first-line treatment option for moderate to severe major depressive disorder. However, most antidepressants have numerous documented adverse events, including cardiometabolic effects and weight gain, which are major public health concerns. Antidepressant agents provide varying risk of associated weight gain, including significant within-class differences. Some agents, such as mirtazapine, show significant levels of weight gain, while others, such as bupropion, demonstrate weight-loss effects. Current findings suggest the role of histamine and serotonin off-target appetite-promoting pathways in adverse weight-gain effects. Therefore, controlling for undesired weight effects is an important consideration for the selection of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barjot Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sabine El-Halabi
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Chen-Li
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Daniel Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nelson B Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amna Majeed
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leanna M W Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Flora Nasri
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S Mcintyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gill H, Gill B, Chen-Li D, El-Halabi S, Rodrigues NB, Cha DS, Lipsitz O, Lee Y, Rosenblat JD, Majeed A, Mansur RB, Nasri F, Ho R, McIntyre RS. The emerging role of psilocybin and MDMA in the treatment of mental illness. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:1263-1273. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1826931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barjot Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Chen-Li
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sabine El-Halabi
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nelson B. Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle S. Cha
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Daniel Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amna Majeed
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B. Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Flora Nasri
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gill H, El-Halabi S, Majeed A, Gill B, Lui LMW, Mansur RB, Lipsitz O, Rodrigues NB, Phan L, Chen-Li D, McIntyre RS, Rosenblat JD. The Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Inflammation in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review. J Affect Disord 2020; 272:1-7. [PMID: 32379599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replicated evidence has documented elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in populations with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, childhood trauma, a risk factor for MDD, has been separately shown to also impact inflammatory systems; its potential moderating effect on inflammation in MDD has been less frequently investigated. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases between database inception to June 19th, 2019 using the search string: (Childhood trauma or Adverse childhood experiences or childhood abuse or childhood rape or physical abuse or emotional abuse) AND (Inflammation or inflammatory cytokines or interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha or c-reactive protein) AND (Major Depressive Disorder or Depression). RESULTS We identified nine articles that evaluated inflammatory biomarkers in MDD populations with adverse childhood experiences (ACE). Eight articles evaluated IL-6, three articles evaluated CRP, and five articles evaluated TNF-α. The strongest effects were observed for IL-6; six studies reported significantly elevated levels of IL-6 in MDD and ACE patients compared to healthy controls and/or MDD-only populations. Meanwhile, only three studies found TNF-α to be significantly elevated in the MDD and ACE cohort. In contrast, MDD-ACE populations did not exhibit significantly elevated CRP. LIMITATIONS The methodological heterogeneity amongst studies was very high. CONCLUSION The current review suggests that MDD and ACE subpopulations present elevated levels of IL-6 compared to MDD-only and healthy control populations. Therefore, research should consider whether elevated inflammation in MDD is just an epiphenomenon of previous ACE and whether MDD-ACE subgroups are more likely to respond to immune-inflammatory targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sabine El-Halabi
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amna Majeed
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barjot Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leanna M W Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Orly Lipsitz
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nelson B Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Phan
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Chen-Li
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Daniel Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Menzies HJ, Moalosi G, Anisimova V, Gammino V, Sentle C, Bachhuber MA, Bile E, Radisowa K, Kachuwaire O, Basotli J, Maribe T, Makombe R, Shepherd J, Kim B, Samandari T, El-Halabi S, Chirenda J, Cain KP. Increase in anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Botswana: results from the fourth National Drug Resistance Survey. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 18:1026-33. [PMID: 25189548 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.13.0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Although approximately 0.5 million cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) occur globally each year, surveillance data are limited. Botswana is one of the few high TB burden countries to have carried out multiple anti-tuberculosis drug resistance surveys (in 1995-1996, 1999 and 2002). OBJECTIVE In 2007-2008, we conducted the fourth national survey of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Botswana to assess anti-tuberculosis drug resistance, including trends over time. In the previous survey, 0.8% (95%CI 0.4-1.5) of new patients and 10.4% (95%CI 5.6-17.3) of previously treated patients had MDR-TB. DESIGN During the survey period, eligible specimens from all new sputum-smear positive TB patients and from all TB patients with history of previous anti-tuberculosis treatment underwent mycobacterial culture and anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing (DST). RESULTS Of 924 new TB patients and 137 with previous anti-tuberculosis treatment with DST results, respectively 23 (2.5%, 95%CI 1.6-3.7) and 9 (6.6%, 95%CI 3.3-11.7) had MDR-TB. The proportion of new TB patients with MDR-TB has tripled in Botswana since the previous survey. CONCLUSION Combatting drug-resistant TB will require the scale-up of MDR-TB diagnosis and treatment to prevent the transmission of MDR-TB and strengthening of general TB control to prevent the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Menzies
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - G Moalosi
- Botswana National Tuberculosis Program, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - V Anisimova
- Association of Public Health Laboratories, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - V Gammino
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C Sentle
- Botswana National Tuberculosis Program, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - E Bile
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - K Radisowa
- Botswana National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - O Kachuwaire
- KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - J Basotli
- Botswana National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - T Maribe
- Botswana National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | | | - B Kim
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - T Samandari
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S El-Halabi
- Botswana Ministry of Health, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - J Chirenda
- Botswana National Tuberculosis Program, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - K P Cain
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Nadas M, Thipe B, Dolan B, Molelekwa V, Mosweu E, Maribe L, El-Halabi S, Moatshe B, Pono S, Powis K. O483 APPLYING EDUCATIONAL METHODOLOGY TO A TRAIN-THE-TRAINER CURRICULUM FOR EMERGENCY OBSTETRIC AND NEONATAL CARE. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(12)60913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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