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Arboleda V, Hackworth A, Bonnice S, Gonzalez V, Cabrera D, Colletti C, Baxter C, Aleman Oliva C, Kabir S, Huang J, Khan A, Filoramo S, Ecoff S, Demory Beckler M, Kesselman MM. The role of aspirin, statins, colchicine, and IL-1 inhibitors in prevention of cardiovascular events: a systematic integrative review. J Osteopath Med 2024; 124:97-106. [PMID: 37877246 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. As such, an unmet need exists in the primary and secondary prevention of adverse cardiovascular events (CVEs). Specifically, identifying drugs that can reduce the progression of CVD and serious adverse events is much needed. Drugs that work by reducing platelet aggregation, blocking cholesterol formation (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A [HMG-CoA] reductase inhibitors), and/or blocking inflammation pathways (mainly interleukin-1b [IL-1b]) have been linked to preventing adverse CVEs, including acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), statins, colchicine, and IL-1 inhibitors (interleukin-1 receptor antagonists). This systematic review aims to provide insight into utilizing these four agents for the primary and/or secondary prevention of CVD. OBJECTIVES In this systematic review, we opted to review the efficacy of aspirin, statins, colchicine, and IL-1 inhibitors in the primary and secondary prevention of CVE to provide clinical practitioners with evidence-based practice approaches and determine any unmet needs in their utilization. METHODS Between October 1 and 12, 2021, a search was conducted and completed on five databases: PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, and Biomedical Reference Collection: Comprehensive. A total of 13 researchers (V.A., A.H., S.B., V.G., D.C., C.C., C.B., C.A., S.K., J.H., A.K., S.F., and S.E.) were involved in the search and screening of the articles. Search terms included "aspirin, statins, colchicine, IL-1 inhibitors, and primary, secondary, myocardial infarction (MI)." Inclusion criteria included clinical study design, English language articles, all genders older than 50 years old, and established patient history of CVD, including MI. In addition, articles were excluded if they were animal models, in vitro studies, pharmacokinetic studies, systematic reviews, literature reviews, and studies exploring therapies other than those listed in the inclusion criteria. First, five individuals independently sorted through abstracts or articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then, a team of 13 individuals sorted through full-text articles of selected abstracts based on the same criteria. A separate researcher resolved conflicts between the team. RESULTS A total of 725 articles were identified from all databases, from which 256 duplicated articles were removed. Thus, a total of 469 articles abstracts were screened, of which 425 articles either did not meet the inclusion criteria or met the exclusion criteria. A total of 42 articles were retrieved and assessed for full-text review, from which 15 articles were retrieved for analysis. CONCLUSIONS Statins may prevent primary CVEs based on their role in preventing cholesterol formation. Aspirin, canakinumab, and colchicine may be helpful in the secondary prevention of CVEs due to their blocking of various steps in the inflammation pathway leading to CVD. Future research should primarily focus on the use of canakinumab and colchicine in preventing CVD due to the limited number of studies on these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Arboleda
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ashley Hackworth
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina Bonnice
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Vivianne Gonzalez
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Dominick Cabrera
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Craig Colletti
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Courtney Baxter
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Claudia Aleman Oliva
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Shadman Kabir
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ashar Khan
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Stefanie Filoramo
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Sara Ecoff
- Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Demory Beckler
- Division of Immunology, Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Marc M Kesselman
- Division of Rheumatology, Nova Southeastern University, Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Khamvongsa P, Gotluru C, Stavros S, Borges J, Bonnice S. Horizontal mattress uterine closure compared to single layered lock suture in cesarean section - A retrospective cohort study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X 2023; 20:100234. [PMID: 37701631 PMCID: PMC10493498 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study is to compare the outcomes of standard cesarean section uterine closure, single-layered running lock sutures, versus using primary horizontal mattress sutures (the K uterine closure technique). Method This study used a retrospective cohort chart review of patients undergoing elective primary and repeat cesarean section between January 2016 and August 2020 at a South Florida hospital. From 613 included patients, 176 received the K uterine closure technique completed by a triple board-certified physician. Remaining 437 patients received single-layered lock uterine closure completed by other physicians in the same hospital. Clinical, demographic, and post-operative outcomes were collected using patients' operative, post-operative, and progress notes. Results Using the data gathered, the experimental group demonstrated a greater difference between pre- and post-cesarean section hemoglobin (p < 0.027) and hematocrit (p < 0.014) compared to single-layered lock closure methods. There was a significantly lower estimated blood loss (p < 0.001), however, there was no significant difference in the average quantitative blood loss (p < 0.374). There was also a significant reduction in the length of total and postoperative hospital stay (p < 0.001), but the total operation time was significantly increased (p < 0.016). No significant difference was found in the percentage of patients using opioids as pain management during hospital stay (p < 0.431). There was no need for blood transfusion nor an increase in infectious morbidity using this method. Conclusions Using the K uterine closure technique for post-cesarean section uterine closure was a reasonable alternative for closure of hysterotomy. It led to decreased duration of hospital stay and no significant difference in quantitative blood loss. The greater difference in hemoglobin and hematocrit for the K uterine closure technique group could be explained due to the significantly greater total operation time. Although the single-layered running lock suture closure is what has been more historically performed by obstetricians for cesarean sections, this data supports the viability and efficacy of the K uterine closure technique as an equally safe, non-inferior alternative. The value of this technique for uterine closure can be confirmed with future prospective studies and potential research in reduction of uterine scar defects. Synopsis Primary horizontal mattress closure at cesarean section provides a safe alternative to single-layered lock closure and may reduce blood loss, hospital stay, and opioid use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Khamvongsa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Baptist Health System, Miami, USA
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Chitra Gotluru
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
- University of California Davis, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Stavros
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, USA
| | - Jordana Borges
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Sabrina Bonnice
- Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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