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Niedrist T, Drexler C, Torreiter PP, Matejka J, Strahlhofer-Augsten M, Kral S, Riegler S, Gülly C, Zurl C, Kriegl L, Krause R, Berghold A, Steinmetz I, Schlenke P, Herrmann M. Longitudinal comparison of automated SARS-CoV-2 serology assays in assessing virus neutralization capacity in COVID-19 convalescent sera. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2022; 146:538-546. [PMID: 35085385 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0604-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.– Serological tests on automated immunology analyzers are increasingly used to monitor the acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2. The heterogeneity of assays raises concerns about their diagnostic performance and comparability. OBJECTIVE.– To test sera from formerly infected individuals for SARS-Cov-2 antibodies utilizing six automated serology assays and a pseudoneutralization test (PNT). DESIGN.– Six SARS-CoV-2 serology assays were utilized to assess 954 samples collected during a 12 months period from 315 COVID-19 convalescents. The tests determined either antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid (anti-NC) or spike protein (anti-S). Two assays did not distinguish between antibody classes whereas the others selectively measured immunoglubulins G (IgG) antibodies. PNT was used to detect the presence of neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS.– Comparison of qualitative results showed only slight to moderate concordance between the assays (Cohen's kappa < 0.57). Significant correlations (P < .001) were observed between the antibody titers from all quantitative assays. However, titer changes were not detected equally. A total anti-S assay measured an increase in 128 out of 172 cases (74%) of a suitable subset, whereas all IgG anti-S tests reported decreases in at least 118 (69%). Regarding the PNT results, diagnostic sensitivities ≥89% were achieved with PPVs ≥93%. In contrast, specificity changed substantially over time varying from 20 to 100%. CONCLUSIONS.– Comparability of serological SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests is rather poor. Due to different diagnostic specificities, the tested assays were not equally capable of capturing changes in antibody titers. However, with thoroughly validated cut-offs, IgG-selective anti-S assays are a reliable surrogate test for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in former COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (Niedrist, Herrmann), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Camilla Drexler
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (Drexler, Torreiter, Schlenke), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Paul Torreiter
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (Drexler, Torreiter, Schlenke), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Matejka
- Biobank Graz (Matejka, Strahlhofer-Augsten, Kral, Riegler, Gülly), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Manuela Strahlhofer-Augsten
- Biobank Graz (Matejka, Strahlhofer-Augsten, Kral, Riegler, Gülly), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Kral
- Biobank Graz (Matejka, Strahlhofer-Augsten, Kral, Riegler, Gülly), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Skaiste Riegler
- Biobank Graz (Matejka, Strahlhofer-Augsten, Kral, Riegler, Gülly), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Gülly
- Biobank Graz (Matejka, Strahlhofer-Augsten, Kral, Riegler, Gülly), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Medical Research (Gülly), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Zurl
- Division of Infectious Diseases in the Department of Internal Medicine (Zurl, Kriegl, Krause), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Division of General Paediatrics in the Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine (Zurl), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Kriegl
- Division of Infectious Diseases in the Department of Internal Medicine (Zurl, Kriegl, Krause), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Krause
- Division of Infectious Diseases in the Department of Internal Medicine (Zurl, Kriegl, Krause), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria (Krause)
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation (Berghold), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine (Steinmetz), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Schlenke
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine (Drexler, Torreiter, Schlenke), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics (Niedrist, Herrmann), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Kral S, Banfi C, Niedrist T, Sareban N, Guelly C, Kriegl L, Schiffmann S, Zurl C, Herrmann M, Steinmetz I, Schlenke P, Berghold A, Krause R. Long-lasting immune response to a mild course of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection: A cohort study. J Infect 2021; 83:607-635. [PMID: 34433071 PMCID: PMC8380195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Kral
- Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Chiara Banfi
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nazanin Sareban
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Guelly
- Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lisa Kriegl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Schiffmann
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Zurl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of General Paediatrics, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ivo Steinmetz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Schlenke
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Krause
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Kral S, Zeiner C, Stöger-Pollach M, Bertagnolli E, den Hertog MI, Lopez-Haro M, Robin E, El Hajraoui K, Lugstein A. Abrupt Schottky Junctions in Al/Ge Nanowire Heterostructures. Nano Lett 2015; 15:4783-4787. [PMID: 26052733 PMCID: PMC4498448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we report on the exploration of axial metal/semiconductor (Al/Ge) nanowire heterostructures with abrupt interfaces. The formation process is enabled by a thermal induced exchange reaction between the vapor-liquid-solid grown Ge nanowire and Al contact pads due to the substantially different diffusion behavior of Ge in Al and vice versa. Temperature-dependent I-V measurements revealed the metallic properties of the crystalline Al nanowire segments with a maximum current carrying capacity of about 0.8 MA/cm(2). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization has confirmed both the composition and crystalline nature of the pure Al nanowire segments. A very sharp interface between the ⟨111⟩ oriented Ge nanowire and the reacted Al part was observed with a Schottky barrier height of 361 meV. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, a monolithic Al/Ge/Al heterostructure was used to fabricate a novel impact ionization device.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kral
- Institute for Solid
State Electronics, Vienna University of
Technology, Floragasse
7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - C. Zeiner
- Institute for Solid
State Electronics, Vienna University of
Technology, Floragasse
7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Stöger-Pollach
- Universitäre Service-Einrichtung
für Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - E. Bertagnolli
- Institute for Solid
State Electronics, Vienna University of
Technology, Floragasse
7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. I. den Hertog
- Institut Néel,
CNRS/UJF, UPR2940, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - M. Lopez-Haro
- CEA-INAC/UJF-Grenoble 1 UMR-E, SP2M, LEMMA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Minatec, Grenoble F-38054, France
- FEI Company, KA 5600 Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. Robin
- CEA-INAC/UJF-Grenoble 1 UMR-E, SP2M, LEMMA, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Minatec, Grenoble F-38054, France
| | - K. El Hajraoui
- Institut Néel,
CNRS/UJF, UPR2940, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Lugstein
- Institute for Solid
State Electronics, Vienna University of
Technology, Floragasse
7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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Salzmann U, Kral S, Braun B, Standera S, Schmidt M, Kloetzel PM, Sijts A. Mutational analysis of subunit i beta2 (MECL-1) demonstrates conservation of cleavage specificity between yeast and mammalian proteasomes. FEBS Lett 1999; 454:11-5. [PMID: 10413086 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteasomes are the major protein-degrading complexes in the cytosol and regulate many cellular processes. To examine the functional importance of the MC14/MECL-1 proteasome active site subunits, cell lines expressing a catalytically inactive form of MECL-1 were established. Whereas mutant MECL-1 was readily incorporated into cytosolic proteasomes, replacing the constitutive MC14 subunit, removal of the prosequence was incomplete indicating that its processing required autocatalytic cleavage. Functional analyses showed that the absence of the MC14/MECL-1 active sites abrogated proteasomal trypsin-like activity, but did not affect other catalytic activities. Our data demonstrate a conservation of cleavage specificity between mammalian and yeast proteasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Salzmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, Humboldt University Berlin, Germany
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Evans MI, Lachman E, Kral S, Melmed H. Predictive value of cervical dilatation rates in labor in multiparous women. Isr J Med Sci 1976; 12:1399-403. [PMID: 1017939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A modified version of Philpott's partogram, previously used by us to analyze patterns of labor in primiparous and grand multiparous women in Israel, was applied to multiparous women. The results for labor in multiparous women closely resemble those found for primiparous and grand multiparous labors. The rate of cervical dilatation, as measured early in the active phase of labor [initial rate (IR)], is an accurate indicator of the outcome of labor. Ninety-eight percent of all multiparas with an IR of cervical dilatation of 0.75 cm/h or greater delivered spontaneously. Sixty-two percent of women with an IR of less than 0.75 cm/h required an assisted delivery or cesarean section. Mean IR of cervical dilatation for spontaneous deliveries, assisted deliveries, and cesarean sections were, respectively, 1.53, 0.67, and 0.46 cm/h. No significant differences were observed among different population groups. Cervical dilatation rates among all parities appeared similar. The only major difference was in dilatation rates for assisted delivery in primiparas, which were faster than in labors in multiparous or grand multiparous women.
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