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Esmaili S, Langfelder P, Belgard TG, Vitale D, Azardaryany MK, Alipour Talesh G, Ramezani-Moghadam M, Ho V, Dvorkin D, Dervish S, Gloss BS, Grønbæk H, Liddle C, George J. Core liver homeostatic co-expression networks are preserved but respond to perturbations in an organism- and disease-specific manner. Cell Syst 2021; 12:432-445.e7. [PMID: 33957084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Findings about chronic complex diseases are difficult to extrapolate from animal models to humans. We reason that organs may have core network modules that are preserved between species and are predictably altered when homeostasis is disrupted. To test this idea, we perturbed hepatic homeostasis in mice by dietary challenge and compared the liver transcriptome with that in human fatty liver disease and liver cancer. Co-expression module preservation analysis pointed to alterations in immune responses and metabolism (core modules) in both human and mouse datasets. The extent of derailment in core modules was predictive of survival in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) liver cancer dataset. We identified module eigengene quantitative trait loci (module-eQTL) for these predictive co-expression modules, targeting of which may resolve homeostatic perturbations and improve patient outcomes. The framework presented can be used to understand homeostasis at systems levels in pre-clinical models and in humans. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Esmaili
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Langfelder
- The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Daniele Vitale
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Karimi Azardaryany
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghazal Alipour Talesh
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Ramezani-Moghadam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vikki Ho
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Suat Dervish
- Westmead Research Hub, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian S Gloss
- Westmead Research Hub, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Chen F, Esmaili S, Rogers GB, Bugianesi E, Petta S, Marchesini G, Bayoumi A, Metwally M, Azardaryany MK, Coulter S, Choo JM, Younes R, Rosso C, Liddle C, Adams LA, Craxì A, George J, Eslam M. Lean NAFLD: A Distinct Entity Shaped by Differential Metabolic Adaptation. Hepatology 2020; 71:1213-1227. [PMID: 31442319 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a quarter of the adult population. A significant subset of patients are lean, but their underlying pathophysiology is not well understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS We investigated the role of bile acids (BAs) and the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of lean NAFLD. BA and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 levels (a surrogate for intestinal farnesoid X receptor [FXR] activity), patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3), and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) variants, and gut microbiota profiles in lean and nonlean NAFLD were investigated in a cohort of Caucasian patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n = 538), lean healthy controls (n = 30), and experimental murine models. Patients with lean NAFLD had a more favorable metabolic and histological profile compared with those with nonlean NAFLD (P < 0.05 for all). BA levels were significantly higher in NAFLD with advanced compared with earlier stages of liver fibrosis. Patients with lean NAFLD had higher serum secondary BA and FGF19 levels and reduced 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) levels (P < 0.05 for all). These differences were more profound in early compared with advanced stages of fibrosis (P < 0.05 for both). Lean patients demonstrated an altered gut microbiota profile. Similar findings were demonstrated in lean and nonlean murine models of NAFLD. Treating mice with an apical sodium-dependent BA transporter inhibitor (SC-435) resulted in marked increases in fgf15, a shift in the BA and microbiota profiles, and improved steatohepatitis in the lean model. CONCLUSIONS Differences in metabolic adaptation between patients with lean and nonlean NAFLD, at least in part, explain the pathophysiology and provide options for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Saeed Esmaili
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Geraint B Rogers
- SAHMRI Infection and Immunity Theme, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases & Clinical Dietetics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ali Bayoumi
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mayada Metwally
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Karimi Azardaryany
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sally Coulter
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jocelyn M Choo
- SAHMRI Infection and Immunity Theme, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ramy Younes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Leon A Adams
- Medical School, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Antonio Craxì
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica (Di.Bi.M.I.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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3
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Abstract
Adiponectin is the most important adipokine secreted by the adipose tissue. It carries out an important role in setting up the metabolism and improving the function of various organs. Adiponectin in the kidneys prevents degradation of the renal arteries, reduces protein excretion, and improves filtration. This role is accomplished by regulating anabolic pathways and reducing oxidative stress in the renal tissue. This hormone in the liver prevents the accumulation of fat and free radicals that cause damage to liver cells and tissue. This adipokine, by preventing inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, obesity and insulin resistance, improves vascular function and prevents the development of atherosclerosis. It seems that adiponectin can also be a therapeutic target for many metabolic diseases. This study aims to clarify the adipose tissue discharge. Here, the diverse physiological actions of adiponectin were reviewed to provide an overview of its therapeutic potential in different metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Esmaili
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - M Hemmati
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - M Karamian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Rosso C, Kazankov K, Younes R, Esmaili S, Marietti M, Sacco M, Carli F, Gaggini M, Salomone F, Møller HJ, Abate ML, Vilstrup H, Gastaldelli A, George J, Grønbæk H, Bugianesi E. Crosstalk between adipose tissue insulin resistance and liver macrophages in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol 2019; 71:1012-1021. [PMID: 31301321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) is likely due to the interaction between a deranged metabolic milieu and local mediators of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. We undertook this study to elucidate the interplay between macrophage activation, insulin resistance (IR) in target organs/tissues and hepatic damage. METHODS In 40 non-diabetic patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD we assessed: i) endogenous glucose production (EGP), glucose clearance and indexes of IR in the adipose tissue (Adipo-IR and Lipo-IR) and in the liver (Hep-IR) by tracer infusion ([6,6-2H2]glucose and [2H5]glycerol); ii) macrophage activity (by soluble sCD163) and iii) hepatic expression of CD163 (hCD163). RESULTS We found that sCD163 levels paralleled both the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels and lipolysis from adipose tissue. Consistently, sCD163 significantly correlated with adipose tissue IR (Adipo-IR: r = 0.32, p = 0.042; Lipo-IR: r = 0.39, p = 0.012). At multiple regression analysis, sCD163 levels were associated with FFA levels (rp = 0.35, p = 0.026). In vitro exposure of human monocyte-derived macrophages to palmitate enhanced sCD163 secretion. Conversely, sCD163 did not correlate with EGP or with Hep-IR. In the liver, hCD163 positively correlated with sCD163 (r = 0.58, p = 0.007) and the degree of steatosis (r = 0.34, p = 0.048), but not with EGP or Hep-IR (r = -0.27 and r = 0.11, respectively, p >0.10, both). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a link between deranged metabolism in the adipose tissue and activation of hepatic macrophages in patients with NAFLD, possibly in response to FFA overflow and independent of obesity and diabetes. Conversely, our findings do not support a link between activated hepatic macrophages and glucose metabolism (EGP or Hep-IR). The relationship between adipose tissue IR and hepatic macrophages should be considered to define therapeutic targets for NAFLD. LAY SUMMARY The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatohepatitis (NASH) is likely due to the interaction between a deranged metabolic milieu and local mediators of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in the insulin resistant state. This study provides in vivo support for a possible link between deranged metabolism in the adipose tissue and activation of hepatic macrophages in patients with NAFLD, most likely in response to free fatty acid overflow and independent of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rosso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Konstantin Kazankov
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ramy Younes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Saeed Esmaili
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Milena Marietti
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Sacco
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Carli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Lorena Abate
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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Katoonizadeh A, Motamed-Gorji N, Sharafkhah M, Ostovaneh M, Esmaili S, Eslami L, Gharravi A, Khoshnia M, Shayanrad A, Shakki Katouli F, Shiravi Khuzani A, Amini Kafi-Abad S, Maghsudlu M, George J, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Intra-familial Transmission of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study in Northern Iran. Arch Iran Med 2018; 21:436-442. [PMID: 30415551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the intra-familial transmission of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Golestan province, that has the highest prevalence of CHB in Iran. METHODS The Golestan Cohort Study (GCS) is a population-based prospective study of 50045 individuals, 40 years or older, initially set-up to study upper GI cancers in Northern Iran. In 2008, a baseline measurement of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on the stored serum of all GCS participants identified 3505 HBsAg+ individuals. In 2011, we assessed HBV serological markers in 2590 initially HBsAg+ individuals and their first-degree relatives including spouses (1454) and children (3934). RESULTS The median (IQR) age of spouses and children were 52 (12) and 25 (12) years respectively. Out of 5388 family members, 2393 (44.5%) had no HBV markers, indicating susceptibility to infection. Of these, 378 (15.8%) were fully-vaccinated children with no apparent response to primary immunization. HBsAg was positive in 2.2% (n = 33) of spouses and 8.2% (n = 325) of children (overall rate of 6.6%). HBcAb was positive in 761 (52.3%) and 914 (23%) spouses and children, respectively. The rate of spontaneous loss of HBsAg (HBsAg-, HBsAb+ and HbcAb+) was 41.3% and 13.9% in spouses and children, respectively. A higher rate of HBsAg+ children (10.2%) was found in families in which the mother was positive for HBsAg compared with families where the father was positive for HBsAg (6.3%) (P < 0.001). When both parents were positive for HBsAg, the rate of HBsAg positivity was high (23.5%, P < 0.001). Despite high virus exposure rates between spouses (52.6 %), the prevalence of HBsAg positivity among them was very low (2.3 %). CONCLUSION Sexual and parent-to-child transmission are important routes of CHB spread in this population from northern Iran despite the fact that 24 years have passed since the beginning of hepatitis B vaccination in infants. Low percentage of HBsAg positivity in spouses is related to high HBsAg clearance rate among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aezam Katoonizadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazgol Motamed-Gorji
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Ostovaneh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, USA
| | - Saeed Esmaili
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Layli Eslami
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolsamad Gharravi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khoshnia
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amaneh Shayanrad
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shakki Katouli
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahtab Maghsudlu
- Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization Research Center, Department of Pathology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Obeid S, Wankell M, Charrez B, Sternberg J, Kreuter R, Esmaili S, Ramezani-Moghadam M, Devine C, Read S, Bhathal P, Lopata A, Ahlensteil G, Qiao L, George J, Hebbard L. Adiponectin confers protection from acute colitis and restricts a B cell immune response. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6569-6582. [PMID: 28258220 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin demonstrates beneficial effects in various metabolic diseases, including diabetes, and in bowel cancer. Recent data also suggest a protective role in colitis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which adiponectin and its receptors modulate colitis and the nature of the adaptive immune response in murine models are yet to be elucidated. Adiponectin knock-out mice were orally administered dextran sulfate sodium for 7 days and were compared with wild-type mice. The severity of disease was analyzed histopathologically and through cytokine profiling. HCT116 colonic epithelial cells were employed to analyze the in vitro effects of adiponectin and AdipoR1 interactions in colonic injury following dextran sulfate sodium treatment. Adiponectin knock-out mice receiving dextran sulfate sodium exhibited severe colitis, had greater inflammatory cell infiltration, and an increased presence of activated B cells compared with controls. This was accompanied by an exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine profile and increased STAT3 signaling. Adiponectin knock-out mouse colons had markedly reduced proliferation and increased epithelial apoptosis and cellular stress. In vitro, adiponectin reduced apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and stress signals and restored STAT3 signaling. Following the abrogation of AdipoR1 in vitro, these protective effects of adiponectin were abolished. In summary, adiponectin maintains intestinal homeostasis and protects against murine colitis through interactions with its receptor AdipoR1 and by modulating adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Obeid
- From the Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Saeed Esmaili
- From the Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Mehdi Ramezani-Moghadam
- From the Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Carol Devine
- From the Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Scott Read
- From the Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Prithi Bhathal
- the University of Melbourne, Victoria, VIC 3010, Australia, and
| | | | - Golo Ahlensteil
- From the Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Liang Qiao
- From the Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Jacob George
- From the Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Lionel Hebbard
- From the Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia, .,the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and.,Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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7
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Kazankov K, Barrera F, Møller HJ, Rosso C, Bugianesi E, David E, Younes R, Esmaili S, Eslam M, McLeod D, Bibby BM, Vilstrup H, George J, Grønbaek H. The macrophage activation marker sCD163 is associated with morphological disease stages in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int 2016; 36:1549-57. [PMID: 27102725 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Macrophage activation plays a key pathogenic role in experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and contributes to the progression of steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. We studied macrophage activation in human NAFLD by measuring soluble (s)CD163, a specific macrophage activation marker, hypothesizing that sCD163 would be associated with the patients' morphological disease grade. Furthermore, we investigated an association between sCD163 and the apoptosis marker cytokeratin-18 (CK-18) to explore a link between macrophage activation and apoptosis. METHODS sCD163 associations with biochemical and histological measures of NAFLD were investigated in two independent cohorts of 157 Australian and 174 Italian NAFLD patients, with liver biopsies graded for NAFLD severity, steatosis and fibrosis. sCD163 and CK-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In both cohorts sCD163 increased in parallel with the patients' morphological disease grading, being independently associated with the Kleiner fibrosis score (P < 0.001). A high sCD163 predicted advanced fibrosis {F ≥ 3; Australian cohort: area under receiver-operating characteristics curve 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76-0.87], Italian cohort: 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72-0.88)}. In both groups, sCD163 was independently associated with CK-18 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Soluble CD163 reflecting macrophage activation is associated with morphological features of NAFLD suggesting their involvement in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, NASH and particularly fibrosis. An independent association between sCD163 and cytokeratin-18 suggests that apoptosis may contribute to macrophage activation in NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kazankov
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Francisco Barrera
- The Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Holger Jon Møller
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Chiara Rosso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ezio David
- Division of Pathology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ramy Younes
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Saeed Esmaili
- The Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Eslam
- The Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Duncan McLeod
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research (ICPMR), Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Bo Martin Bibby
- Department of Biostatistics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob George
- The Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Henning Grønbaek
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Katoonizadeh A, Sharafkhah M, Ostovaneh MR, Norouzi A, Khoshbakht N, Mohamadkhani A, Eslami L, Gharravi A, Shayanrad A, Khoshnia M, Esmaili S, George J, Poustchi H, Malekzadeh R. Immune responses to hepatitis B immunization 10-18 years after primary vaccination: a population-based cohort study. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:805-11. [PMID: 27126365 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the immune response to neonatal HBV immunization in children of infected parents 10-18 years after primary vaccination. Healthy individuals immunized with an infantile course of three doses of HBV vaccine were tested for persistence of anti-HB surface antibody (HBsAb). Those with an HBsAb level of <10 IU/mL received a booster dose of the vaccine with subsequent doses to those without protective titres. HBsAb concentrations were determined 4 weeks after each dose of the booster vaccine. The data were analysed separately for three age groups: 10-11, 12-14 and 15-18 years old. A total of 541 healthy individuals were studied. The highest seroprotection rate of 48% was observed in the youngest vaccinees (10-11 years old). This declined to 26.5% in the oldest (15-18 years old) group (P = 0.008). The youngest vaccinees showed the highest rate of anamnestic immune responses (96%). However, 25% of oldest individuals failed to mount an anamnestic immune response in challenge with a booster dose of the vaccine (P = 0.005), suggesting waning immunity with increasing age. Age (OR: 0.80; P = 0.01) and prebooster HBsAb levels (OR: 0.37; P = 0.01) identified responders to first booster doses of the vaccine by logistic regression analysis. The majority of high-risk vaccinees showed anamnestic immune response 10-11 years after primary immunization. However, we found a significant proportion (25%) of older individuals with no anamnetic response, which suggests a waning of immune memory. Detailed long-term follow-up studies are necessary to determine the risk of natural infection among these individuals before a booster schedule can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Katoonizadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Sharafkhah
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Ostovaneh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - A Norouzi
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - N Khoshbakht
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - A Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - L Eslami
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Gharravi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Shayanrad
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Khoshnia
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Esmaili
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - J George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - H Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - R Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Esmaili S, George J. Erratum to 'Ltb4r1 inhibitor: A pivotal insulin sensitizer?': [Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, May 2015, Vol. 26, No. 5, 221-222]. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:64. [PMID: 29496117 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Esmaili
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia; Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Centre, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
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10
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Carapito R, Poustchi H, Kwemou M, Untrau M, Sharifi AH, Merat S, Haj-Sheykholeslami A, Jabbari H, Esmaili S, Michel S, Toussaint J, Le Gentil M, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Radosavljevic M, Etemadi A, Georgel P, Malekzadeh R, Bahram S. Polymorphisms in EGFR and IL28B are associated with spontaneous clearance in an HCV-infected Iranian population. Genes Immun 2015; 16:514-8. [PMID: 26378651 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although most hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals develop chronic infection, about 25% of them are able to clear the virus spontaneously without any therapeutic intervention. The aim of the present study was to identify genes associated with spontaneous HCV clearance in a population of Iranian patients. We genotyped 110 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 59 selected--candidate--genes in a cohort of 107 HCV-infected participants who spontaneously cleared the infection and 176 participants whose infection persisted. Three out of the 110 SNPs were found to be associated with HCV outcome (P-values<0.03). rs11506105 in EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor gene), and rs11881222 and rs12979860 in IL28B (interferon-λ3 gene). Multivariate logistic regression of the three markers showed that the A/A genotypes in both rs11506105 (EFGR) and rs11881222 (IL28B), and the C/C genotype in rs12979860 (IL28B) are associated with HCV clearance (recessive model: odds ratio (OR)=2.06, 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=1.09-3.88, P=0.025; OR=2.09, 95% CI=1.23-3.60, P=0.007; and OR=1.95, 95% CI=1.15-3.35, P=0.014 for rs11506105, rs12979860 and rs11881222, respectively). In conclusion, EGFR and IL28B SNPs are strong independent predictive markers of spontaneous viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carapito
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - H Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Kwemou
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Untrau
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A H Sharifi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Merat
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Haj-Sheykholeslami
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Jabbari
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Esmaili
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Michel
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J Toussaint
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Le Gentil
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Ansari-Moghaddam
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - M Radosavljevic
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Etemadi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - P Georgel
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - R Malekzadeh
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Bahram
- Plateforme GENOMAX, Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Centre de Recherche d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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11
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Dong Z, Su L, Esmaili S, Iseli TJ, Ramezani-Moghadam M, Hu L, Xu A, George J, Wang J. Adiponectin attenuates liver fibrosis by inducing nitric oxide production of hepatic stellate cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1327-39. [PMID: 26153548 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Adiponectin protects against liver fibrosis, but the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that adiponectin upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in hepatic non-parenchymal cells, particularly in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and increased nitric oxide (NO2-/NO3-) concentration in HSC-conditioned medium. Adiponectin attenuated HSC proliferation and migration but promoted apoptosis in a NO-dependent manner. More advanced liver fibrosis with decreased iNOS/NO levels was observed in adiponectin knockout mice comparing to wide-type mice when administered with CCI4 while NO donor supplementation rescued the phenotype. Further experiments demonstrated that adiponectin-induced iNOS/NO system activation is mediated through adipoR2-AMPK-JNK/Erk1/2-NF-κB signaling. These data suggest that adiponectin inhibits HSC function, further limiting the development of liver fibrosis at least in part through adiponectin-induced NO release. Therefore, adiponectin-mediated NO signaling may be a novel target for the treatment of liver fibrosis. KEY MESSAGES • Adiponectin activates HSC iNOS/NO and SEC eNOS/NO systems. • Adiponectin inhibits HSC proliferation and migration but promotes its apoptosis. • Adiponectin inhibits CCL4-induced liver fibrosis by modulation of liver iNOS/NO. • Adiponectin stimulates HSC iNOS/NO via adipoR2-AMPK-JNK/ErK1/2-NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Lin Su
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Saeed Esmaili
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Tristan J Iseli
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mehdi Ramezani-Moghadam
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Liangshuo Hu
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, and Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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Abstract
The potent chemokine leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is increased in obesity, and is associated with insulin resistance. A recent article shows that inhibition of its receptor LTB4 receptor 1 (Ltb4r1) improves insulin sensitivity in muscle and liver via cytokine-independent mechanisms, and reduces proinflammatory immune cell infiltration in the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Esmaili
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia; Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Centre, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
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13
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Esmaili S, Xu A, George J. The multifaceted and controversial immunometabolic actions of adiponectin. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:444-51. [PMID: 24997879 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, one of the most abundant adipose-derived hormones, has variable actions in many tissues and organs. Although principally known for its insulin-sensitizing activity, recent data also highlight its homeostatic function, which is mediated both by direct actions on metabolic cells and indirectly through immunomodulatory effects on immune cells. Here we review the multifaceted immunometabolic actions of adiponectin and attempt to unify some of the contradictory reports on adiponectin function in inflammatory processes. We propose that a holistic understanding of adiponectin function can be garnered only from understanding its actions both on the immune system and on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Esmaili
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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Bahreyni Toossi MT, Zare H, Bayani S, Esmaili S. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Lead Aprons and Thyroid Shields Worn by Cardiologists in Angiography Departments of Two Main General Hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2008.10875811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Douglas MW, Esmaili S, George J. A new role for IKK-α in hepatitis C virus-induced lipogenesis. Hepatology 2014; 59:2046-9. [PMID: 24123215 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Douglas
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital,, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Esmaili S, Bahrololoom ME. A new single bath for the electrodeposition of NiFe/Cu multilayers exhibiting giant magnetoresistance behavior. Surf Engin Appl Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.3103/s106837551201005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Poustchi H, Esmaili S, Mohamadkhani A, Nikmahzar A, Pourshams A, Sepanlou SG, Merat S, Malekzadeh R. The impact of illicit drug use on spontaneous hepatitis C clearance: experience from a large cohort population study. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23830. [PMID: 21887326 PMCID: PMC3161071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute hepatitis C infection usually ends in chronic infection, while in a minority of patients it is spontaneously cleared. The current population-based study is performed on a large cohort in Golestan province of Iran to examine the demographic correlates of Spontaneous Hepatitis C Clearance. METHODS Serum samples used in this study had been stored in biorepository of Golestan Cohort Study. These samples were evaluated for anti hepatitis C Virus by third generation Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Subjects who tested positive were then invited and tested by Recombinant Immunoblot Assay (RIBA) and Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase Chain Reaction test (PCR). If tested positive for RIBA, subjects were recalled and the two tests were re-done after 6 months. Those subjects who again tested positive for RIBA but negative for PCR were marked as cases of spontaneous clearance. RESULTS 49,338 serum samples were evaluated. The prevalence of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (CHCV) infection based on PCR results was 0.31%. Among those who had acquired hepatitis C, the rate of SC was 38%. In multivariate analysis, illicit drug use both Injecting Use (OR = 3.271, 95% CI: 1.784-6.000, p-value<0.001) and Non-Injecting Use (OR = 1.901, 95% CI: 1.068-3.386, p-value = 0.029) were significant correlates of CHCV infection versus SC. CONCLUSIONS Illicit drug use whether intravenous or non-intravenous is the only significant correlate of CHCV, for which several underlying mechanisms can be postulated including repeated contacts with hepatitis C antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaili
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aghbibi Nikmahzar
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf G. Sepanlou
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Merat
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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Poustchi H, George J, Esmaili S, Esna-Ashari F, Ardalan G, Sepanlou SG, Alavian SM. Gender differences in healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase levels in adolescence. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21178. [PMID: 21738618 PMCID: PMC3124486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There is a worldwide epidemic of obesity among adolescents who subsequently are at increased risk for the development of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is the most frequently used test for screening these individuals, but no age and gender-specific upper limits of normal (ULN) based on healthy population data in children are available. The objective of the present study was to define ULN for ALT in healthy children in order to use this as a tool for case finding. METHODS A total of 975 school children (aged 7-18 years) were included in the study cohort. Highly significant correlations (all p<0.001) were noted between ALT values and measures of BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In order to define the population with no risk factors, we excluded subjects having abnormal values for factors that correlated with ALT. This population comprised 186 boys and 185 girls. RESULTS In boys, median serum ALT levels were 16 IU/L and 9, 11, 18, and 30 IU/L for the 5th, 25th, 75th, and 95th percentiles. In girls, median serum ALT was 13, and 7, 9, 16, and 21 IU/L for the 5th, 25th, 75th, and 95th percentiles, respectively. The ULNs for ALT were 30 IU/L and 21 IU/L for boys and girls respectively. We found a linear relationship between age and ALT in females (p<0.001) but not in males. By multiple logistic regression, independent predictors of an elevated ALT included the BMI, waist hip ratio and levels of serum total cholesterol. In females, age was an additional inverse predictor. CONCLUSIONS In children and adolescents, these normal limits for ALT should be applied. Those with persistent elevations should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Unit, Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Saeed Esmaili
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Esna-Ashari
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Youth and School Health Office, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases (BRCGL), Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Hepatitis Center, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
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20
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Merat S, Rezvan H, Nouraie M, Jafari E, Abolghasemi H, Radmard AR, Zaer-rezaii H, Amini-Kafiabad S, Maghsudlu M, Pourshams A, Malekzadeh R, Esmaili S. Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus: the first population-based study from Iran. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14 Suppl 3:e113-6. [PMID: 20362479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early studies on blood donors point to a seroprevalence of approximately 0.25% for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Iran. However, the true prevalence in the general population is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HCV infection in the general population of Iran. METHODS We randomly selected 6583 subjects from three provinces in Iran for inclusion in the study. Subjects were aged between 18 and 65 years. Anti-hepatitis C antibody was tested by a third-generation ELISA test. A recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) test was used to confirm the results. Risk factors were recorded and a multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 5684 plasma samples were tested. After confirmatory tests, we found 50 cases of HCV. The overall weighted prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.5%. The rate was significantly higher in men (1.0%) than in women (0.1%). In multivariate analysis, male sex, history of intravenous drug abuse, and imprisonment were significantly associated with anti-HCV. CONCLUSIONS We found the prevalence of HCV infection in Iran to be higher than previous estimates. It appears that the rate is rising, and in the future, hepatitis C will replace hepatitis B as the most common cause of chronic viral liver disease in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Merat
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, N Kargar Street, Tehran, Iran
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Poustchi H, Sepanlou SG, Esmaili S, Mehrabi N, Ansarymoghadam A. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the world and the middle East. Middle East J Dig Dis 2010; 2:31-41. [PMID: 25197510 PMCID: PMC4154905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major worldwide public health concern. Despite recent advances, there has been little success in improving the survival of HCC patients. Due to advances in diagnostic modalities and the increasing incidence of chronic viral hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both of which are well known risk factors of HCC, the prevalence of HCC is increasing in developed countries and it is expected that this trend will continue in the future. In Middle Eastern countries the prevalence of this cancer is lower compared to sub-Saharan Africa and some Far East countries; however it is documented that the prevalence of this cancer in some parts of the Middle East is also increasing. In the current review, the prevalence and burden of this disease worldwide, particularly in Middle Eastern countries, and risk factors for HCC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Poustchi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SG Sepanlou
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Esmaili
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Mehrabi
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Ansarymoghadam
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Bahreyni Toossi MT, Zare H, Bayani S, Esmaili S. Organ and effective doses of patients arising from coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty at two hospitals in Mashhad-Iran. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2008; 128:363-6. [PMID: 17627955 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncm366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of radiation doses received by 83 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CA) and 26 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) by the femoral route in two hospitals in Mashhad-Iran is presented. All procedures were undertaken with Siemens angioscope X-ray equipment. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100), suitably calibrated, were used to measure the dose received at five locations on the patient's skin (on the thyroid, gonads and lens of eyes). A dose area product (DAP) meter was also used. DAP values and fluoroscopy times were recorded for each patient. The mean values for DAP were 32.47+/-4.03 and 44.49+/-5.64 Gy cm2 for CA and PTCA, respectively. The patient dosimetry results revealed the thyroid receives the highest dose in CA and PTCA examinations. Also, in this study, DAP to effective dose conversion factors were estimated by means of a Rando phantom and the effective dose received by the patients was estimated for CA and PTCA examinations. The estimated mean values of effective dose were 6.75+/-0.85 and 9.61+/-1.24 mSv, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Bahreyni Toossi
- Medical Physics Research Center, Bu Ali Research Institute, Mashad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran.
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Abstract
In this study, we investigated long-term mental sequelae of torture in Iran and explored differences between treatment seekers and nontreatment seekers. Thirty-four torture victims suffering from enduring mental sequelae and now living in Germany were examined. According to DSM-III-R, depressive, anxiety, and somatoform disorders were diagnosed with a high degree of comorbidity and with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being the most frequent diagnosis. Treatment seekers had a higher level of psychopathology, particularly the PTSD symptoms of intrusion and increased arousal, and a poorer knowledge of German. They reported different ways of coping. The differences found between the two groups may reflect more or less successful adaptation to conditions in the host country and contribute to the motivation to seek treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Priebe
- Department of Social Psychiatry, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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