Novel diarylated tacrine derivatives: Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, antiepileptic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities

In this study, our goal was to synthesize novel aryl tacrine derivatives and assess their potential as anticancer, antibacterial agents, and enzyme inhibitors. We adopted a two-step approach, initiating with the synthesis of dibromotacrine derivatives 3 and 4 through the Friedlander reaction. These intermediates underwent further transformation into diarylated tacrine derivatives 3a-e and 4a-e using a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Thorough characterization of these novel diarylated tacrines was achieved using various spectroscopic techniques. Our findings highlighted the potent anticancer effects of these innovative compounds across a range of cancer cell lines, including lung, gynecologic, bone, colon, and breast cancers, while demonstrating low cytotoxicity against normal cells. Notably, these compounds surpassed the control drug, 5-Fluorouracil, in terms of antiproliferative activity in numerous cancer cell lines. Moreover, our investigation included an analysis of the inhibitory properties of these novel compounds against various microorganisms and cytosolic carbonic anhydrase enzymes. The results suggest their potential for further exploration as cancer-specific, enzyme inhibitory, and antibacterial therapeutic agents. Notably, four compounds, namely, 5,7-bis(4-(methylthio)phenyl)tacrine (3d), 5,7-bis(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)tacrine (3e), 2,4-bis(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-cyclohepta[b]quinolin-11-amine (4e), and 6,8-dibromotacrine (3), emerged as the most promising candidates for preclinical studies.

N-function heterocycles as promising anticancer agents: A case study with a decision model in fuzzy environment

Objective:

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the data according to five accepted criteria for the effects of twenty promising anticancer agents on five different cancer types and to determine the most effective compounds for futher in vitro and in vivo studies with multi criteria decision making method (MCDM), which rationalizes decision making in a fuzzy environment to avoid the high cost and time requirements of further preclinical and clinical studies.

Methods:

Within the scope of the study, the weights of the five criteria were evaluated with the Pythagorean fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (PFAHP), which is one of the multi criteria decision making methods, and a comparison was made with the criteria weights obtained as a result of the Complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method. Moreover, the effect of criteria weights calculated with PFAHP on the ranking of alternatives was analyzed using different scenarios.

Results:

Experimentally, twenty N-heterocyclic quinoline derivatives with different substituents were identified as promising anticancer agents. In this study, a multicriteria decision making (MCDM) model is proposed under uncertainty to identify the most promising anticancer agents against all tested cell lines. Both the experimental and model results indicated that 20, 17, 19, and 7 are the most promising anticancer agents against the A549, HeLa, Hep3B, HT29 and MCF7 cell lines. Moreover, different scenarios are generated and analyzed to prove the consistency of the proposed methodology.

Conclusion:

MCDM strongly suggests that compounds 20, 17, 19, and 7 can be recommended to be further investigated for in vivo studies.

In-silico Pharmacokinetic and Affinity Studies of Piperazine/Morpholine Substituted Quinolines in Complex with GAK as Promising Anti-HCV Agent

Piperazine/morpholine derivatives of quinoline substituted at positions C-3, C-6 and C-8 has been previously prepared by SNAr reactions of 3,6,8-tribromoquinoline (1) under microwave or conventional heating reaction conditions. In this study, we evaluated binding interactions between the piperazine/morpholine substituted quinolines and its highly-likely receptor, Cyclin G associated kinase (GAK) involved in hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry into host cells, via docking, molecular dynamics (MD), thermodynamic and pharmacokinetics computations in order to select a possible lead compound, which may be used for lead-optimization in our future studies to develop novel drug candidates against HCV infections. 372 nsec MD simulations followed by MM-PBSA thermodynamic computations revealed that compound 23 ([Formula: see text]= 0.08[Formula: see text]nM) possesses the greatest potential to inhibit GAK. Pharmacokinetics computations suggest that compound 23 is a drug-like molecule as it conforms to the Lipinski filter. We determined that compound 23 could be a lead-like molecule for peripheric and cerebral HCV infections.

Decision making for promising quinoline-based anticancer agents through combined methodology

During the development of effective drugs for the treatment of cancer, one of the most important tasks is to identify effective drug candidates having maximum antiproliferation and minimum side effects. This paper considers the problem of selecting the most promising anticancer agents, showing inhibition at low IC50 concentration and low releasing lactate dehydrogenase percentage (cytotoxicity). Recently, we prepared quinoline analogs bearing different functional groups and determined their anticancer potential against the HeLa, C6, and HT29 cancer cell lines using different anticancer assays. Experimentally, seven quinoline derivatives consisting of different substituents were determined as promising anticancer agents. We propose a multicriteria recommendation method to identify the most promising anticancer agents against all tested cell lines with an accurate prediction algorithm according to the available input data. A multicriteria decision-making methodology (MCDM) was used for the solution of the relevant problem in this study. Both the experimental results and MCDM method indicated that 5,7-dibromo-8-hydroxyquinoline (2) and 6,8-dibromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline (6) are the most promising anticancer agents against the HeLa, HT29, and C6 cell lines.

Synthesis of aryl-substituted quinolines and tetrahydroquinolines through Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions

The synthesis and characterization of substituted (trifluoromethoxy, thiomethyl, and methoxy) phenyl quinolines is described. Dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of 6-bromo- and 6,8-dibromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, 5-bromo-8-methoxyquinoline, and 5,7-dibromo-8-methoxyquinoline with substituted phenylboronic acids affords the corresponding 6-aryl- (13a–d), 6,8-diaryl- (14a–c), 5-aryl- (15), and 5,7-diaryl- (16b, c) tetrahydroquinolines and quinolines in high yields (68%–82%). The structures of all the products are characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR,19F NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by elemental analysis.

Biological evaluation of some quinoline derivatives with different functional groups as anticancer agents

Due to a great deal of biological activities, quinoline derivatives have drawn attention for synthesis and biological activities in the search for new anticancer drug development. In this work, a variety of substituted (phenyl, nitro, cyano, N-oxide, and methoxy) quinoline derivatives (3-13) were tested in vitro for their biological activity against cancer cell lines, including rat glioblastoma (C6), human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and human adenocarcinoma (HT29). 6-Bromo-5-nitroquinoline (4), and 6,8-diphenylquinoline (compound 13) showed the greatest antiproliferative activity as compared with the reference drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), while the other compounds showed low antiproliferative activity. 6-Bromo-5-nitroquinoline (4) possesses lower cytotoxic activity than 5-FU in HT29 cell line. Due to its the apoptotic activity 6-Bromo-5-nitroquinoline (4) has the potential to cause cancer cell death.

9-Amino-5,7-dibromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine hemihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H12Br2N2·0.5H2O, includes two molecules of 5,7-dibromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine and one water molecule. In the crystal, C—H...O, N—H...N, N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds connect the molecules, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (010). The two-dimensional sheets are further assembled into a three-dimensional structure through C—H...π and π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.719 (2) Å].

6-Bromoquinoline-8-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C10H5BrN2, the whole molecule is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.005 Å). The crystal packing features face-to-face π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.755 (3) Å] between the pyridine and benzene rings of the quinoline ring systems of adjacent molecules, along the a-axis direction. Short Br...Br contacts of 3.5908 (12) Å (compared to a van der Waals separation of 3.70 Å) are also observed.

11-[Bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]-2,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-cyclohepta[1,2-b]quinoline

In the title compound, C26H48N2Si4, the cycloheptane ring adopts a chair conformation, while the quinolinyl ring system is almost planar [maximum deviation = 0.040 (3) Å for one of the C atoms carrying a Me3Si group]. In the crystal, in the absence of classical hydrogen bonding, the packing is dominated by van der Waals forces. One of the N-bound trimethylsilyl groups is disordered by rotation about the C—SiMe3bond, and was modelled over two sets of sites in the ratio 0.873 (8):0.127 (8).

5,7-Dibromo-8-methoxyquinoline

In the title compound, C10H7Br2NO, the methoxy C atom deviates from the quinoline ring system (r.m.s deviation = 0.003 Å) by 1.204 (4) Å. In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into infinite chains along theb-axis direction. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.7659 (19) Å] are also observed.

6-Bromo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-8-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C10H9BrN2, one of the methylene groups of the piperidine ring is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.692 (8):0.308 (8) ratio, which leads to two envelope conformations. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H...N hydrogen bonds generateR22(12) loops.

3,6,8-Tribromo-quinoline

The title mol-ecule, C(9)H(4)Br(3)N, is almost planar, the maximum deviation being 0.110 (1) Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak aromatic π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.802 (4) Å] between the pyridine and benzene rings of the quinoline ring systems of adjacent mol-ecules.