Diagnostic performances of Nonhyperemic Pressure Ratios and Coronary Angiography-Based Fractional Flow Reserve against conventional Wire-Based Fractional Flow Reserve

BACKGROUND

Nonhyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) have been proposed as alternatives to fractional flow reserve (FFR) without induction of hyperemia. More recently, imaging based-FFR estimation, especially coronary angiography-derived FFR (Angio-FFR) measurement, is proposed to estimate wire-based FFR. However, little is known about the diagnostic performance of these indices against conventional FFR.

AIMS

We aimed to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of both NHPRs and coronary Angio-FFR against wire-based conventional FFR.

METHODS

PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed original articles up to 08/2022. The primary outcomes were the pooled sensitivity and specificity as well as the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver-operating characteristic curve of those indices.

RESULTS

A total of 6693 records were identified after a literature search, including 37 reports for NHPRs and 34 for Angio-FFR. Overall, NHPRs have a lower diagnostic performance in estimating wire-based FFR with an AUC of 0.85 (0.81, 0.88) when compared with Angio-FFR of 0.95 (0.93, 0.97). When all four modalities of NHPRs (iFR, Pd/Pa, DPR, RFR) were compared, those had overlapping AUCs without major differences among each other. Similarly, when the two most commonly used Angio-FFR (QFR, FFR angio ) were compared, those had overlapping AUCs without major differences among each other.

CONCLUSION

Angio-FFR may offer a better estimation of wire-based FFR than NHPRs. Our results support a wider use of Angio-FFR in the cardiac catheterization laboratory to streamline our workflow for coronary physiologic assessment.

CLASSIFICATIONS

FFR,, stable ischemic disease and non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome.

Nonhyperemic Pressure Ratios-All the Same or Nuanced Differences?

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has become the gold standard for invasively assessing the functional significance of coronary artery disease (CAD) to guide revascularization. The amount of evidence supporting the role of FFR in the cardiac catheterization laboratory is large and still growing. However, FFR uptake in the daily practice is limited by a variety of factors such as invasive instrumentation of the coronary artery that requires extra time and need for vasodilator medications for hyperemia. In this review, we describe the details of wire-based alternatives to FFR, providing insights as to their development, clinical evidence, and limitations.

A novel therapy in microvascular obstruction in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion therapy

Percutaneous coronary intervention has transformed the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to a reduction in early mortality and need for repeat revascularization. However, the conventional revascularization strategy, combined with state-of-the-art anti-thrombotic and antiplatelet therapies, can still be associated with poor clinical outcome in some patients, because of reperfusion injury and microvascular obstruction contributing to the infarct size. To address this important therapeutic need, a broad-range of device-based treatments have been introduced. This is an overview of the pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PiCSO) device (Miracor Medical SA) which has been proposed for STEMI patients. PiCSO therapy could lead to an improved perfusion, decrease microvascular dysfunction, and thus potentially reduce infarct size.

Nonhyperemic Pressure Ratios-All the Same or Nuanced Differences?

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has become the gold standard for invasively assessing the functional significance of coronary artery disease (CAD) to guide revascularization. The amount of evidence supporting the role of FFR in the cardiac catheterization laboratory is large and still growing. However, FFR uptake in the daily practice is limited by a variety of factors such as invasive instrumentation of the coronary artery that requires extra time and need for vasodilator medications for hyperemia. In this review, we describe the details of wire-based alternatives to FFR, providing insights as to their development, clinical evidence, and limitations.

A case of electromagnetic interference between HeartMate 3 LVAD and implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have been shown to have a significant benefit in reducing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with systolic heart failure. Additionally, cardiac devices as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy are often used in patients with end-stage systolic heart failure. As a result, most patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) also have an ICD. Here, we present an electromagnetic interference (EMI) between HeartMate 3 LVAD and ICD. This issue might be critical for both electrophysiologists and advanced heart failure cardiologists to understand prior to implantation of ICD/LVADs in these patients.

Allergic rhinitis and dental caries in preschool children

Background:

Allergic rhinitis (AR) may be overdocumented in cases of dental caries because of controversies in the literature This study was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between AR and dental caries in children.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 296 children were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were evaluated using the decay-missing-filled (DMF) index, and their AR status was evaluated by physical examination and through a standard questionnaire. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were compared among groups using Student's t-test or the Mann–Whitney U-test, the Chi-square test, and/or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. A level of P < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.

Results:

Evidence of AR was found in 77 (35.1%) participants. There was no significant difference in the rate of tooth decay or DMF between participants with or without AR (P = 0.07), but a significant difference was observed in the number of missing and filled teeth between those with and without AR (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in educational level, family income, milk intake, use of pacifier, use of a toothbrush, saliva secretion, or body mass index (P > 0.05 in all cases) between AR-positive and AR-negative patients. Fluoride therapy and oral breathing were identified as confounding factors and controlled using log-linear analysis. The mean rate of DMF in patients who also had AR was 20% greater than in the AR-negative group (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21, confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.35) and 15% greater in among children who breathed orally than those who did not (OR = 1.15 CI: 1.02–1.31).

Conclusion:

AR and oral breathing may have an effect on oral health and dental condition, leading to an increased rate of tooth loss, oral fillings, and development of dental caries.

Parental smoking and allergic rhinitis in children

BACKGROUND

Parental smoking is one of the controversial risk factors associated with allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parental smoking and allergic rhinitis; considering confounding factors.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 671 children aged 2 to 7 years. Random cluster sampling was used to select the participants. The signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis in children were assessed through standard questionnaires and physical examinations.

RESULTS

In the multivariate analysis, parental smoking (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48-2.41) was not a significant risk factor for allergic rhinitis; positive family history of allergy was the only significant factor among other factors (OR 23.64; 95% CI, 11.63-48.04). Sex (OR 1.16; 95% CI, 0.60-2.24), family size (OR 1.06; 95% CI, 0.22-5.05), family income (OR 0.60; 95% CI, 0.24-1.47), and parents' education (OR 1.79; 95% CI, 0.61-5.20) were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that there is no significant relationship between parental smoking and allergic rhinitis.

Urinary melatonin levels and skin malignancy

Melatonin inhibits tumor genesis in a variety of in vivo and in vitro experimental models of neoplasia. In industrialized societies, light at night, by suppressing melatonin production, poses a new risk for the development of a variety of cancers such as breast cancer. This effect on skin has been previously studied only in animals and not in humans. Our goal was to examine the relationship between 24-hour 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels and skin cancer in a case-control study of 70 patients with skin cancer and 70 healthy individuals. The level of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin was measured in 24-hour urine by the ELISA method. In the case group, 55 (78%) patients had basal cell carcinoma and 15 (22%) had squamous cell carcinoma. The mean level of 24-hour urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin was significantly higher in the control group (P<0.001). Also, sleep duration had a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.001). It seems that a low level of 24-hour urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin renders human beings prone to skin cancer. This association, however, requires further investigation.