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Geiseler SJ, Hadzic A, Lambertus M, Forbord KM, Sajedi G, Liesz A, Morland C. L-Lactate Treatment at 24 h and 48 h after Acute Experimental Stroke Is Neuroprotective via Activation of the L-Lactate Receptor HCA 1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1232. [PMID: 38279234 PMCID: PMC10816130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the main cause for acquired disabilities. Pharmaceutical or mechanical removal of the thrombus is the cornerstone of stroke treatment but can only be administered to a subset of patients and within a narrow time window. Novel treatment options are therefore required. Here we induced stroke by permanent occlusion of the distal medial cerebral artery of wild-type mice and knockout mice for the lactate receptor hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1). At 24 h and 48 h after stroke induction, we injected L-lactate intraperitoneal. The resulting atrophy was measured in Nissl-stained brain sections, and capillary density and neurogenesis were measured after immunolabeling and confocal imaging. In wild-type mice, L-lactate treatment resulted in an HCA1-dependent reduction in the lesion volume accompanied by enhanced angiogenesis. In HCA1 knockout mice, on the other hand, there was no increase in angiogenesis and no reduction in lesion volume in response to L-lactate treatment. Nevertheless, the lesion volumes in HCA1 knockout mice-regardless of L-lactate treatment-were smaller than in control mice, indicating a multifactorial role of HCA1 in stroke. Our findings suggest that L-lactate administered 24 h and 48 h after stroke is protective in stroke. This represents a time window where no effective treatment options are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Geiseler
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (M.L.); (K.M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Alena Hadzic
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (M.L.); (K.M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Marvin Lambertus
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (M.L.); (K.M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Karl Martin Forbord
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (M.L.); (K.M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Ghazal Sajedi
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (M.L.); (K.M.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences Munich, 82152 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Cecilie Morland
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway; (A.H.); (M.L.); (K.M.F.); (G.S.)
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Geiseler SJ, Phan KD, Brox C, Nguyen TD, Tartanoglu C, Doosje HL, Christiansen CL, Liesz A, Morland C. Pre-stroke exercise does not reduce atrophy in healthy young adult mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 814:137447. [PMID: 37604388 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the main cause of acquired disability in adults. Exercise reduces the risk for stroke and protects against functional loss after stroke. An exercise-induced reduction in key risk factors probably contributes to the protective effect, but direct effects on the brain may also contribute to stroke protection. We previously reported that exercise increases angiogenesis and neurogenesis through activation of the lactate receptor HCA1. Here we exposed young adult wild-type mice and HCA1 knockout mice to interval exercise at high or medium intensity, or to intraperitoneal injections of L-lactate or saline for seven weeks before we induced experimental stroke by permanent occlusion of the distal medial cerebral artery (dMCA). The resulting cortical atrophy measured three weeks after stroke was unaffected by exercise or L-lactate pre-treatments, and independent of HCA1 activation. Our results suggest that the beneficial effect of exercise prior to stroke where no reperfusion occurs is limited in individuals who do not carry risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Geiseler
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kimberly D Phan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Brox
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Teresa D Nguyen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Can Tartanoglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanne-Lise Doosje
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Life Science and Technology, Hanzehogeschool, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Cathrine L Christiansen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Artur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Cecilie Morland
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
The family of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are known for their regulation of vascularization. In the brain, VEGFs are important regulators of angiogenesis, neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Dysregulation of VEGFs is involved in a large number of neurodegenerative diseases and acute neurological insults, including stroke. Stroke is the main cause of acquired disabilities, and normally results from an occlusion of a cerebral artery or a hemorrhage, both leading to focal ischemia. Neurons in the ischemic core rapidly undergo necrosis. Cells in the penumbra are exposed to ischemia, but may be rescued if adequate perfusion is restored in time. The neuroprotective and angiogenic effects of VEGFs would theoretically make VEGFs ideal candidates for drug therapy in stroke. However, contradictory to what one might expect, endogenously upregulated levels of VEGF as well as the administration of exogenous VEGF is detrimental in acute stroke. This is probably due to VEGF-mediated blood–brain-barrier breakdown and vascular leakage, leading to edema and increased intracranial pressure as well as neuroinflammation. The key to understanding this Janus face of VEGF function in stroke may lie in the timing; the harmful effect of VEGFs on vessel integrity is transient, as both VEGF preconditioning and increased VEGF after the acute phase has a neuroprotective effect. The present review discusses the multifaceted action of VEGFs in stroke prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Geiseler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cecilie Morland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
- Institute for Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, 0166 Oslo, Norway.
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Geiseler SJ, Larson J, Folkow LP. Synaptic transmission despite severe hypoxia in hippocampal slices of the deep-diving hooded seal. Neuroscience 2016; 334:39-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Geiseler SJ, Ludvigsen S, Folkow LP. KATP-channels play a minor role in the protective hypoxic shut-down of cerebellar activity in eider ducks (Somateria mollissima). Neuroscience 2014; 284:751-758. [PMID: 25451290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eider duck (Somateria mollissima) cerebellar neurons are highly tolerant toward hypoxia in vitro, which in part is due to a hypoxia-induced depression of their spontaneous activity. We have studied whether this response involves ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, which are known to be involved in the hypoxic/ischemic defense of mammalian neural and muscular tissues, by causing hyperpolarization and reduced ATP demand. Extracellular recordings in the Purkinje layer of isolated normoxic eider duck cerebellar slices showed that their spontaneous neuronal activity decreased significantly compared to in control slices when the KATP channel opener diazoxide (600 μM) was added (F1,70=92.781, p<0.001). Adding the KATP channel blocker tolbutamide (400 μM) 5 min prior to diazoxide completely abolished its effect (F1,55=39.639, p<0.001), strongly suggesting that these drugs have a similar mode of action in this avian species as in mammals. The spontaneous activity of slices treated with tolbutamide in combined hypoxia/chemical anoxia (95% N2-5% CO2 and 2 mM NaCN) was not significantly different from that of control slices (F1,203=0.071, p=0.791). Recovery from hypoxia/anoxia was, however, slightly but significantly weaker in tolbutamide-treated slices than in control slices (F1,137=15.539, p<0.001). We conclude that KATP channels are present in eider duck cerebellar neurons and are activated in hypoxia/anoxia, but that they do not play a key role in the protective shut-down response to hypoxia/anoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Geiseler
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - S Ludvigsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - L P Folkow
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø - the Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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Geiseler SJ, Blix AS, Burns JM, Folkow LP. Rapid postnatal development of myoglobin from large liver iron stores in hooded seals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 216:1793-8. [PMID: 23348948 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.082099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) rely on large stores of oxygen, either bound to hemoglobin or myoglobin (Mb), to support prolonged diving activity. Pups are born with fully developed hemoglobin stores, but their Mb levels are only 25-30% of adult levels. We measured changes in muscle [Mb] from birth to 1 year of age in two groups of captive hooded seal pups, one being maintained in a seawater pool and one on land during the first 2 months. All pups fasted during the first month, but were fed from then on. The [Mb] of the swimming muscle musculus longissimus dorsi (LD) doubled during the month of fasting in the pool group. These animals had significantly higher levels and a more rapid rise in LD [Mb] than those kept on land. The [Mb] of the shoulder muscle, m. supraspinatus, which is less active in both swimming and hauled-out animals, was consistently lower than in the LD and did not differ between groups. This suggests that a major part of the postnatal rise in LD [Mb] is triggered by (swimming) activity, and this coincides with the previously reported rapid early development of diving capacity in wild hooded seal pups. Liver iron concentration, as determined from another 25 hooded seals of various ages, was almost 10 times higher in young pups (1-34 days) than in yearling animals and adults, and liver iron content of pups dropped during the first month, implying that liver iron stores support the rapid initial rise in [Mb].
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Geiseler
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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