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Lengrand J, Pastushenko I, Vanuytven S, Song Y, Venet D, Sarate RM, Bellina M, Moers V, Boinet A, Sifrim A, Rama N, Ducarouge B, Van Herck J, Dubois C, Scozzaro S, Lemaire S, Gieskes S, Bonni S, Collin A, Braissand N, Allard J, Zindy E, Decaestecker C, Sotiriou C, Salmon I, Mehlen P, Voet T, Bernet A, Blanpain C. Pharmacological targeting of netrin-1 inhibits EMT in cancer. Nature 2023; 620:402-408. [PMID: 37532929 PMCID: PMC7615210 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulates tumour initiation, progression, metastasis and resistance to anti-cancer therapy1-7. Although great progress has been made in understanding the role of EMT and its regulatory mechanisms in cancer, no therapeutic strategy to pharmacologically target EMT has been identified. Here we found that netrin-1 is upregulated in a primary mouse model of skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) exhibiting spontaneous EMT. Pharmacological inhibition of netrin-1 by administration of NP137, a netrin-1-blocking monoclonal antibody currently used in clinical trials in human cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02977195 ), decreased the proportion of EMT tumour cells in skin SCC, decreased the number of metastases and increased the sensitivity of tumour cells to chemotherapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the presence of different EMT states, including epithelial, early and late hybrid EMT, and full EMT states, in control SCC. By contrast, administration of NP137 prevented the progression of cancer cells towards a late EMT state and sustained tumour epithelial states. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of netrin-1 and its receptor UNC5B in EPCAM+ tumour cells inhibited EMT in vitro in the absence of stromal cells and regulated a common gene signature that promotes tumour epithelial state and restricts EMT. To assess the relevance of these findings to human cancers, we treated mice transplanted with the A549 human cancer cell line-which undergoes EMT following TGFβ1 administration8,9-with NP137. Netrin-1 inhibition decreased EMT in these transplanted A549 cells. Together, our results identify a pharmacological strategy for targeting EMT in cancer, opening up novel therapeutic interventions for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lengrand
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Vanuytven
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Multi-omic Integrative Bioinformatics, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yura Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Venet
- Laboratory of Breast Cancer Translational Research J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rahul M Sarate
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melanie Bellina
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice Boinet
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Laboratory of Multi-omic Integrative Bioinformatics, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single-cell Omics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Rama
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jens Van Herck
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Scozzaro
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lemaire
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gieskes
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Bonni
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Collin
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Braissand
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Justine Allard
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
| | - Egor Zindy
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
| | - Christine Decaestecker
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Ecole Polytechnique-Université libre de Bruxelles (EPB-ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Laboratory of Breast Cancer Translational Research J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
- Centre Universitaire Inter Régional d'Expertise en Anatomie pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France.
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.
| | - Thierry Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single-cell Omics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnès Bernet
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France.
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- WEL (Wallon ExceLlence) Research Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Pastushenko I, Mauri F, Song Y, de Cock F, Meeusen B, Swedlund B, Impens F, Van Haver D, Opitz M, Thery M, Bareche Y, Lapouge G, Vermeersch M, Van Eycke YR, Balsat C, Decaestecker C, Sokolow Y, Hassid S, Perez-Bustillo A, Agreda-Moreno B, Rios-Buceta L, Jaen P, Redondo P, Sieira-Gil R, Millan-Cayetano JF, Sanmatrtin O, D'Haene N, Moers V, Rozzi M, Blondeau J, Lemaire S, Scozzaro S, Janssens V, De Troya M, Dubois C, Pérez-Morga D, Salmon I, Sotiriou C, Helmbacher F, Blanpain C. Fat1 deletion promotes hybrid EMT state, tumour stemness and metastasis. Nature 2020; 589:448-455. [PMID: 33328637 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
FAT1, which encodes a protocadherin, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancers1-5. However, the role and the molecular mechanisms by which FAT1 mutations control tumour initiation and progression are poorly understood. Here, using mouse models of skin squamous cell carcinoma and lung tumours, we found that deletion of Fat1 accelerates tumour initiation and malignant progression and promotes a hybrid epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. We also found this hybrid EMT state in FAT1-mutated human squamous cell carcinomas. Skin squamous cell carcinomas in which Fat1 was deleted presented increased tumour stemness and spontaneous metastasis. We performed transcriptional and chromatin profiling combined with proteomic analyses and mechanistic studies, which revealed that loss of function of FAT1 activates a CAMK2-CD44-SRC axis that promotes YAP1 nuclear translocation and ZEB1 expression that stimulates the mesenchymal state. This loss of function also inactivates EZH2, promoting SOX2 expression, which sustains the epithelial state. Our comprehensive analysis identified drug resistance and vulnerabilities in FAT1-deficient tumours, which have important implications for cancer therapy. Our studies reveal that, in mouse and human squamous cell carcinoma, loss of function of FAT1 promotes tumour initiation, progression, invasiveness, stemness and metastasis through the induction of a hybrid EMT state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.,Dermatology Department, Cliniques de l'Europe, Brussels, Belgium.,Dermatology Department, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Federico Mauri
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yura Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian de Cock
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Swedlund
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphi Van Haver
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Proteomics Core, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Manuel Thery
- CytoMorpho Lab, UMR976 HIPI, CEA, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,CytoMorpho Lab, UMR5168 LPCV, CEA, CNRS, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Yacine Bareche
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaelle Lapouge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marjorie Vermeersch
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Yves-Rémi Van Eycke
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium.,Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Balsat
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Christine Decaestecker
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium.,Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Ecole Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Youri Sokolow
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sergio Hassid
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Beatriz Agreda-Moreno
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Clinico 'Lozano Blesa', Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Rios-Buceta
- Dermatology Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jaen
- Dermatology Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Redondo
- Department of Dermatology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ramon Sieira-Gil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Onofre Sanmatrtin
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicky D'Haene
- Pathology Department, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Milena Rozzi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeremy Blondeau
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lemaire
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Scozzaro
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Pathology Department, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. .,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Pastushenko I, Brisebarre A, Sifrim A, Fioramonti M, Revenco T, Boumahdi S, Van Keymeulen A, Brown D, Moers V, Lemaire S, De Clercq S, Minguijón E, Balsat C, Sokolow Y, Dubois C, De Cock F, Scozzaro S, Sopena F, Lanas A, D'Haene N, Salmon I, Marine JC, Voet T, Sotiropoulou PA, Blanpain C. Identification of the tumour transition states occurring during EMT. Nature 2018; 556:463-468. [PMID: 29670281 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 879] [Impact Index Per Article: 146.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumour stemness, metastasis and resistance to therapy. It has recently been proposed that, rather than being a binary process, EMT occurs through distinct intermediate states. However, there is no direct in vivo evidence for this idea. Here we screen a large panel of cell surface markers in skin and mammary primary tumours, and identify the existence of multiple tumour subpopulations associated with different EMT stages: from epithelial to completely mesenchymal states, passing through intermediate hybrid states. Although all EMT subpopulations presented similar tumour-propagating cell capacity, they displayed differences in cellular plasticity, invasiveness and metastatic potential. Their transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes identify the underlying gene regulatory networks, transcription factors and signalling pathways that control these different EMT transition states. Finally, these tumour subpopulations are localized in different niches that differentially regulate EMT transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Marco Fioramonti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Revenco
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soufiane Boumahdi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel Brown
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lemaire
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Clercq
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Esmeralda Minguijón
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Balsat
- DIAPath, The Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Youri Sokolow
- Thoracic Surgery, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian De Cock
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Scozzaro
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Federico Sopena
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", IIS Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- CIBERehd, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nicky D'Haene
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium. .,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Ghosh S, Scozzaro S, Ramos AR, Delcambre S, Chevalier C, Krejci P, Erneux C. Inhibition of SHIP2 activity inhibits cell migration and could prevent metastasis in breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.216408. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of breast cancer cells to distant organs is responsible for approximately 50 % in cancer related deaths in women worldwide. SHIP2 is a phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase for PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(4,5)P2. Through depletion of SHIP2 in triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells and the use of SHIP2 inhibitors, it appeared that cell migration is positively controlled by SHIP2. The effect of SHIP2 on migration, observed in MDA-MB-231 cells, appears to be mediated by PI(3,4)P2. Adhesion on fibronectin is always increased in SHIP2 depleted cells. Apoptosis measured in MDA-MB-231 cells is also increased in SHIP2 depleted cells as compared to control cells. In xenograft mice, SHIP2 depleted MDA-MB-231 cells form significantly smaller tumors compared to control cells and less metastasis detected in lung sections. Our data reveal a general role of SHIP2 in the control of cell migration in breast cancer cells and a second messenger role for PI(3,4)P2 in the migration mechanism. In this model, SHIP2 function on apoptosis on cells incubated in vitro, or in mice tumor digested cells, could account for its role on tumor growth determined in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somadri Ghosh
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Samuel Scozzaro
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ana Raquel Ramos
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Clément Chevalier
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging ULB, 12 rue des professeurs Jeener et Brachet, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christophe Erneux
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
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