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Halecker S, Hansen S, Krabben L, Ebner F, Kaufer B, Denner J. How, where and when to screen for porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) in donor pigs for xenotransplantation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21545. [PMID: 36513687 PMCID: PMC9747970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), that is actually a porcine roseolovirus (PRV), is a common herpesvirus in domestic pigs and wild boars. In xenotransplantation, PCMV/PRV has been shown to significantly reduce the survival time of pig kidneys and hearts in preclinical trials with different non-human primates. Furthermore, PCMV/PRV has been transmitted in the first pig to human heart xenotransplantation and contributed to the death of the patient. Although transmitted to the recipient, there is no evidence that PCMV/PRV can infect primate cells including human cells. PCMV/PRV is closely related to the human herpesviruses 6 and 7, and only distantly related to the human CMV (HCMV). Antiviral drugs used for the treatment of HCMV are less effective against PCMV/PRV. However, there are well described strategies to eliminate the virus from pig facilities. In order to detect the virus and to eliminate it, highly sensitive detection methods and the knowledge of how, where and when to screen the donor pigs is required. Here, a comparative testing of organs from pigs of different ages using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and immunological methods was performed. Testing young piglets, PCMV/PRV was detected effectively by PCR in blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, tonsils and heart. In adult animals, detection by PCR was not successful in most cases, because the virus load was below the detection limit or the virus was in its latent stage. Therefore, detection of antibodies against selected recombinant proteins corresponding to epitopes detected by nearly all infected animals in a Western blot assay is advantageous. By contrast, immunological testing is not beneficial in young animals as piglets might have PCMV/PRV-specific antibodies obtained from their infected mother via the colostrum. Using a thoughtful combination of PCR-based and immunological methods, detection of PCMV/PRV in donor pigs for xenotransplantation is feasible and a controlled elimination of the virus by early weaning or other methods is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Halecker
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute of Virology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Hansen
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute of Virology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - L. Krabben
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute of Virology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Ebner
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute of Immunology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Kaufer
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute of Virology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Denner
- grid.14095.390000 0000 9116 4836Institute of Virology, Free University, Berlin, Germany
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Elfstrand M, Chen J, Cleary M, Halecker S, Ihrmark K, Karlsson M, Davydenko K, Stenlid J, Stadler M, Durling MB. Comparative analyses of the Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Hymenoscyphus albidus genomes reveals potentially adaptive differences in secondary metabolite and transposable element repertoires. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:503. [PMID: 34217229 PMCID: PMC8254937 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dieback epidemic decimating common ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Europe is caused by the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. In this study we analyzed the genomes of H. fraxineus and H. albidus, its native but, now essentially displaced, non-pathogenic sister species, and compared them with several other members of Helotiales. The focus of the analyses was to identify signals in the genome that may explain the rapid establishment of H. fraxineus and displacement of H. albidus. Results The genomes of H. fraxineus and H. albidus showed a high level of synteny and identity. The assembly of H. fraxineus is 13 Mb longer than that of H. albidus’, most of this difference can be attributed to higher dispersed repeat content (i.e. transposable elements [TEs]) in H. fraxineus. In general, TE families in H. fraxineus showed more signals of repeat-induced point mutations (RIP) than in H. albidus, especially in Long-terminal repeat (LTR)/Copia and LTR/Gypsy elements. Comparing gene family expansions and 1:1 orthologs, relatively few genes show signs of positive selection between species. However, several of those did appeared to be associated with secondary metabolite genes families, including gene families containing two of the genes in the H. fraxineus-specific, hymenosetin biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). Conclusion The genomes of H. fraxineus and H. albidus show a high degree of synteny, and are rich in both TEs and BGCs, but the genomic signatures also indicated that H. albidus may be less well equipped to adapt and maintain its ecological niche in a rapidly changing environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07837-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Elfstrand
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity group, MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Michelle Cleary
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, Box 49, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sandra Halecker
- Dept. Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Katarina Ihrmark
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kateryna Davydenko
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Ukrainian research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration, 62458, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Jan Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc Stadler
- Dept. Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mikael Brandström Durling
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Halecker S, Wennrich JP, Rodrigo S, Andrée N, Rabsch L, Baschien C, Steinert M, Stadler M, Surup F, Schulz B. Fungal endophytes for biocontrol of ash dieback: The antagonistic potential of Hypoxylon rubiginosum. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Surup F, Halecker S, Nimtz M, Rodrigo S, Schulz B, Steinert M, Stadler M. Hyfraxins A and B, cytotoxic ergostane-type steroid and lanostane triterpenoid glycosides from the invasive ash dieback ascomycete Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Steroids 2018; 135:92-97. [PMID: 29580870 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A virulent culture of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of ash dieback, was investigated for its production of secondary metabolites in a 70 L batch fermentation. Chemical analysis of the mycelial extract by means of flash chromatography and preparative HPLC led to the isolation of a new ergostane-type steroid (1) and a new related lanostane triterpenoid (2), both revealing the same glycosylation pattern. While their planar structures were elucidated by HR-ESIMS and NMR data, relative stereochemistry was assigned by ROESY correlations in conjunction with H,H and C,H coupling constants. Absolute configuration was determined based on ROESY correlations between the aglycons and the sugar moieties, which were identified in both cases as d-mannose by GC/MS analysis of the trimethylsilylated derivatives. The isolated compounds, for which we propose the trivial names hyfraxins A (1) and B (2), were found to be cytotoxic against the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 and exhibited moderate to weak activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Surup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandra Halecker
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Department Cellular Proteome Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sara Rodrigo
- Departamento de Ingeniería del Medio Agronómico y Forestal, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Barbara Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH, Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Halecker S, Surup F, Solheim H, Stadler M. Albiducins A and B, salicylaldehyde antibiotics from the ash tree-associated saprotrophic fungus Hymenoscyphus albidus. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:339-341. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kuhnert E, Surup F, Halecker S, Stadler M. Minutellins A - D, azaphilones from the stromata of Annulohypoxylon minutellum (Xylariaceae). Phytochemistry 2017; 137:66-71. [PMID: 28215421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During the course of our screening for new metabolites with chemotaxonomic importance from stromata of fungi from the family Xylariaceae, we characterized several interesting metabolites in the fungus Annulohypoxylon minutellum. Extraction of the fruiting bodies and purification by preparative HPLC resulted in the isolation of five metabolites. The main compound was identified as the known metabolite hinnulin A (5), while four minor compounds were found to represent previously undescribed azaphilones, named minutellins A - D (1-4). Their planar structures were elucidated using NMR and HRESIMS data; absolute stereochemistry was assigned by CD data and Mosher's method. Compounds 1, 3 and 5 showed cytotoxic effects against murine and human cells. As the production of 1-5 is restricted to a group of closely related Annulohypoxylon species, they serve well as chemotaxonomic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kuhnert
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Surup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sandra Halecker
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Halecker S, Surup F, Kuhnert E, Mohr KI, Brock NL, Dickschat JS, Junker C, Schulz B, Stadler M. Hymenosetin, a 3-decalinoyltetramic acid antibiotic from cultures of the ash dieback pathogen, Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus. Phytochemistry 2014; 100:86-91. [PMID: 24529574 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A 3-decalinoyltetramic acid, for which the trivial name hymenosetin is proposed, was isolated from crude extracts of a virulent strain of the ash dieback pathogen, Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (="Chalara fraxinea"). This compound was produced only under certain culture conditions in submerged cultures of the fungus. Its planar structure was determined by NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. The absolute stereochemistry was assigned by CD spectroscopy and HETLOC data. Hymenosetin exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities (including strong inhibition of MRSA), as well as moderate cytotoxic effects. So far, the metabolite proved inactive in assays for evaluation of phytotoxicity, whereas viridiol, another secondary metabolite known from H. pseudoalbidus, was regarded as phytotoxic principle of the pathogen against its host, Fraxinus excelsior. Further studies will show whether hymenosetin constitutes a defence metabolite that is produced by the pathogenic fungus to combat other microbes and fungi in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Halecker
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Frank Surup
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric Kuhnert
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin I Mohr
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nelson L Brock
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corina Junker
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Barbara Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Department Microbial Drugs, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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