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Beisel C, Jordan-Paiz A, Köllmann S, Ahrenstorf AE, Padoan B, Barkhausen T, Addo MM, Altfeld M. Sex differences in the percentage of IRF5 positive B cells are associated with higher production of TNF-α in women in response to TLR9 in humans. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 36814288 PMCID: PMC9945365 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical course and outcome of many diseases differ between women and men, with women experiencing a higher prevalence and more severe pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The precise mechanisms underlying these sex differences still remain to be fully understood. IRF5 is a master transcription factor that regulates TLR/MyD88-mediated responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) in DCs and B cells. B cells are central effector cells involved in autoimmune diseases via the production of antibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as mediating T cell help. Dysregulation of IRF5 expression has been reported in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS In the current study, we analyzed whether the percentage of IRF5 positive B cells differs between women and men and assessed the resulting consequences for the production of inflammatory cytokines after TLR7- or TLR9 stimulation. RESULTS The percentage of IRF5 positive B cells was significantly higher in B cells of women compared to men in both unstimulated and TLR7- or TLR9-stimulated B cells. B cells of women produced higher levels of TNF-α in response to TLR9 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data contribute to the understanding of sex differences in immune responses and may identify IRF5 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce harmful B cell-mediated immune responses in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Beisel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany. .,Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Ana Jordan-Paiz
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Köllmann
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Benedetta Padoan
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Barkhausen
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany ,Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marylyn M. Addo
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany ,Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Bedau T, Peters F, Prox J, Arnold P, Schmidt F, Finkernagel M, Köllmann S, Wichert R, Otte A, Ohler A, Stirnberg M, Lucius R, Koudelka T, Tholey A, Biasin V, Pietrzik CU, Kwapiszewska G, Becker-Pauly C. Ectodomain shedding of CD99 within highly conserved regions is mediated by the metalloprotease meprin β and promotes transendothelial cell migration. FASEB J 2016; 31:1226-1237. [PMID: 28003343 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601113r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion molecule CD99 is essential for the transendothelial migration of leukocytes. In this study, we used biochemical and cellular assays to show that CD99 undergoes ectodomain shedding by the metalloprotease meprin β and subsequent intramembrane proteolysis by γ-secretase. The cleavage site in CD99 was identified by mass spectrometry within an acidic region highly conserved through different vertebrate species. This finding fits perfectly to the unique cleavage specificity of meprin β with a strong preference for aspartate residues and suggests coevolution of protease and substrate. We hypothesized that limited CD99 cleavage by meprin β would alter cellular transendothelial migration (TEM) behavior in tissue remodeling processes, such as inflammation and cancer. Indeed, meprin β induced cell migration of Lewis lung carcinoma cells in an in vitro TEM assay. Accordingly, deficiency of meprin β in Mep1b-/- mice resulted in significantly increased CD99 protein levels in the lung. Therefore, meprin β could serve as a therapeutic target, given that in a proof-of-concept approach we showed accumulation of CD99 protein in lungs of meprin β inhibitor-treated mice.-Bedau, T., Peters, F., Prox, J., Arnold, P., Schmidt, F., Finkernagel, M., Köllmann, S., Wichert, R., Otte, A., Ohler, A., Stirnberg, M., Lucius, R., Koudelka, T., Tholey, A., Biasin, V., Pietrzik, C. U., Kwapiszewska, G., Becker-Pauly, C. Ectodomain shedding of CD99 within highly conserved regions is mediated by the metalloprotease meprin β and promotes transendothelial cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tillmann Bedau
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Prox
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Frederike Schmidt
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Malin Finkernagel
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Köllmann
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rielana Wichert
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Otte
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anke Ohler
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Anatomical Institute, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tomas Koudelka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Andreas Tholey
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany; and
| | - Valentina Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute, Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute of Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Unit for Degradomics of the Protease Web, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany;
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