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Ahn SY, Son SK, Lee GH, Kim I, Cheong JW, Lee WS, Kim BS, Jo DY, Jung CW, Seong CM, Lee JH, Yuh YJ, Kim MK, Ryoo HM, Park MR, Cho SH, Kim HG, Zang DY, Park J, Kim H, Lee S, Kim SH, Chang MH, Lee HS, Choi CW, Kwon J, Lim SN, Oh SJ, Joo I, Kim DW. Safety and efficacy of nilotinib in adult patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: a post-marketing surveillance study in Korea. Blood Res 2022; 57:144-151. [PMID: 35678158 PMCID: PMC9242833 DOI: 10.5045/br.2022.2021137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nilotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety for frontline and 2nd line treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML). This study aimed to confirm the safety and efficacy of nilotinib in routine clinical practice within South Korea. Methods An open-label, multicenter, single-arm, 12-week observational post-marketing surveillance (PMS) study was conducted on 669 Korean adult patients with Ph+ CML from December 24, 2010, to December 23, 2016. The patients received nilotinib treatment in routine clinical practice settings. Safety was evaluated by all types of adverse events (AEs) during the study period, and efficacy was evaluated by the complete hematological response (CHR) and cytogenetic response. Results During the study period, AEs occurred in 61.3% (410 patients, 973 events), adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in 40.5% (271/669 patients, 559 events), serious AEs in 4.5% (30 patients, 37 events), and serious ADRs in 0.7% (5 patients, 8 events). Furthermore, unexpected AEs occurred at a rate of 6.9% (46 patients, 55 events) and unexpected ADRs at 1.2% (8 patients, 8 events). As for the efficacy results, CHR was achieved in 89.5% (442/494 patients), and minor cytogenetic response or major cytogenetic response was achieved in 85.8% (139/162 patients). Conclusion This PMS study shows consistent results in terms of safety and efficacy compared with previous studies. Nilotinib was well tolerated and efficacious in adult Korean patients with Ph+ CML in routine clinical practice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Ahn
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Sang Kyun Son
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu Hyung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Won Cheong
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Sik Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deog-Yeon Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National Univeristy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chul Won Jung
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chu Myoung Seong
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young Jin Yuh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University, Sanggye-Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hun-Mo Ryoo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Moo-Rim Park
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Su-Hee Cho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hoon-Gu Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jinny Park
- Division of Hematology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hawk Kim
- Division of Hematology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seryeon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Chang
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ho Sup Lee
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chul Won Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Nam Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Suk-Joong Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Hematology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Leukemia Omics Research Institute, Eulji University Uijeongbu Campus, Uijeongbu, Korea
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Abstract
Two new one-dimensional single azide-bridged metal(II) compounds [[M(5-methylpyrazole)4(N3)]n](ClO4)n(H2O)n [M = Co (1a), Ni (2a)] were prepared by treating an M(II) ion with stoichiometric amount of sodium azide in the presence of four equivalents of the 3(5)-methylpyrazole ligand. The isostructural compounds 1a and 2a crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n. The azide bridging ligands have a unique end-to-end coordination mode that brings two neighboring metal centers into a cis-position with respect to the azide unit to form single end-to-end azide-bridged cobalt(II) and nickel(II) chains. The two neighboring metal atoms at inversion centers adopt octahedral environments with four equatorial 3(5)-methylpyrazole ligands and two axial azide bridges. Two adjacent equatorial least-squares planes form dihedral angles of 60.5 degrees and 60.6 degrees for Co and Ni, respectively. In addition, the metal-azide-metal units form large M-N3-M torsion angles, which are magnetically important geometrical parameters, of 71.6 degrees for M=Co and 75.7 degrees for M=Ni. It should also be noted that the M-N-N angles associated with end-to-end azide group, another magnetically important structural parameter, fall into the experimentally observed range of 120-140 degrees as 128.3(3) and 147.8(3) degrees for cobalt species and 128.4(2) and 146.1(3) degrees for nickel species; these values deviate from the theoretical value of around 164 degrees at which the incidental orthogonality is achieved under the torsion angle of 0 degrees. The compounds 1a and 2a have unique magnetic properties of ferromagnetism, zero-field splitting, and spin canting. The MO calculations indicate that the quasiorthogonality between the magnetic orbitals of metal ions and the p atomic orbitals of the bridging azide is possible in the observed structures and leads to the ferromagnetism. The spin canting related to the perturbation of ferromagnetism arises from the magnetic anisotropy and antisymmetric interactions judged by the structural parameters of the zero-field splitting and the tilted MN4 planes in a chain. The enhancement of magnetic interactions was accomplished by dehydrating the chain compounds to afford two soft magnets with critical temperature T(C) and coercive field of 2 K and 35 G for 1b and 2.3 K and 20 G for 2b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Hong
- Department of Chemistry, School of Molecular Science and Center for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon
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