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Ashokbhai MK, Sanjay LR, Sah SK, Roy S, Kaity S. Premix technologies for drug delivery: manufacturing, applications, and opportunities in regulatory filing. Drug Discov Today 2024:104011. [PMID: 38705511 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients can be carefully combined in premix-based materials before being added to dosage forms, providing a flexible platform for the improvement of drug bioavailability, stability, and patient compliance. This is a promising and transformative approach in novel and generic product development, offering both the potential to overcome challenges in the delivery of complex APIs and viable solutions for bypassing patent hurdles in generic product filing. We discuss the different types of premixes; manufacturing technologies such as spray drying, hot melt extrusion, wet granulation, co-crystal, co-milling, co-precipitation; regulatory filing opportunities; and major bottlenecks in the use of premix materials in different aspects of pharmaceutical product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makka Krupali Ashokbhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Lohare Rahul Sanjay
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India.
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Dey T, Ghosh A, Sanyal A, Charles CJ, Pokharel S, Nair L, Singh M, Kaity S, Ravichandiran V, Kaur K, Roy S. Surface engineered nanodiamonds: mechanistic intervention in biomedical applications for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:032003. [PMID: 38574581 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad3abb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In terms of biomedical tools, nanodiamonds (ND) are a more recent innovation. Their size typically ranges between 4 to 100 nm. ND are produced via a variety of methods and are known for their physical toughness, durability, and chemical stability. Studies have revealed that surface modifications and functionalization have a significant influence on the optical and electrical properties of the nanomaterial. Consequently, surface functional groups of NDs have applications in a variety of domains, including drug administration, gene delivery, immunotherapy for cancer treatment, and bio-imaging to diagnose cancer. Additionally, their biocompatibility is a critical requisite for theirin vivoandin vitrointerventions. This review delves into these aspects and focuses on the recent advances in surface modification strategies of NDs for various biomedical applications surrounding cancer diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, the prognosis of its clinical translation has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Dey
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Anushikha Ghosh
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Arka Sanyal
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sahas Pokharel
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneshwar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Lakshmi Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Manjari Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Assam Central University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin 2 D02YN77, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin 2 D02YN77, Ireland
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
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Bhattacharya A, Alam K, Roy NS, Kaur K, Kaity S, Ravichandiran V, Roy S. Exploring the interaction between extracellular matrix components in a 3D organoid disease model to replicate the pathophysiology of breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:343. [PMID: 38102637 PMCID: PMC10724947 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro models are necessary to study the pathophysiology of the disease and the development of effective, tailored treatment methods owing to the complexity and heterogeneity of breast cancer and the large population affected by it. The cellular connections and tumor microenvironments observed in vivo are often not recapitulated in conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Therefore, developing 3D in vitro models that mimic the complex architecture and physiological circumstances of breast tumors is crucial for advancing our understanding of the illness. A 3D scaffold-free in vitro disease model mimics breast cancer pathophysiology by allowing cells to self-assemble/pattern into 3D structures, in contrast with other 3D models that rely on artificial scaffolds. It is possible that this model, whether applied to breast tumors using patient-derived primary cells (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and cancer cells), can accurately replicate the observed heterogeneity. The complicated interactions between different cell types are modelled by integrating critical components of the tumor microenvironment, such as the extracellular matrix, vascular endothelial cells, and tumor growth factors. Tissue interactions, immune cell infiltration, and the effects of the milieu on drug resistance can be studied using this scaffold-free 3D model. The scaffold-free 3D in vitro disease model for mimicking tumor pathophysiology in breast cancer is a useful tool for studying the molecular basis of the disease, identifying new therapeutic targets, and evaluating treatment modalities. It provides a more physiologically appropriate high-throughput platform for screening large compound library in a 96-384 well format. We critically discussed the rapid development of personalized treatment strategies and accelerated drug screening platforms to close the gap between traditional 2D cell culture and in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamitra Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Kamare Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Nakka Sharmila Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine a Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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Patel V, Aggarwal P, Sarvaiya J, Maity P, Ravichandiran V, Kaity S. Exploring novel and fast stability or sameness evaluation tool for different categories of injectable formulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 190:106551. [PMID: 37562551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of drug product stability and sameness is the heart of generic formulation development. For regulatory filing, various instrumental methods are used on a case basis to establish the generic and innovator product sameness in multiple aspects. Here in the present study, we explored the applicability of the Time-correlated single photon counting (TCS-PC) technique as a fast, reliable, and nondestructive method for establishing the sameness of three different categories of injectable formulations, namely, Amphotericin B liposome for injection, enoxaparin injection, and iron sucrose injection. All three category formulations were evaluated in their native and artificially induced post degradation state to identify the discrimination power of the used instrumental techniques. The degradation of materials were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on the product category, pre and post-degradation samples were evaluated by selective instrumental methods like differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fluorescence spectroscopy, particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Raman spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and circular dichroism study. All pre and post-degradation samples were further analyzed by TCS-PC. We observed that, TCS-PC can identify the differences between the initial and post degradation samples in very less time with promising discrimination power across the different injectable formulation types. Thus TCS-PC can be used as a fast and promising stability or sameness evaluation tool for different injectable drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavi Patel
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Punita Aggarwal
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayrajsinh Sarvaiya
- Center of Excellence FTF, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prasenjit Maity
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Santanu Kaity
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Abstract
Disintegration time (DT) and rate of drug dissolution in different media are among the most widely studied crucial parameters for various types of drug products. In the ever-evolving landscape of generic formulation development, dissolution comparison of reference and test products is the major reliable in vitro method of establishing product similarity. This is one of the most widely accepted methods of proving pharma equivalency between two drug products. A well-studied match between the disintegration and dissolution profile of the test and reference formulations can ensure in vitro product similarity. Various statistical approaches have been employed to establish product performance similarity; among them, the similarity factor (f2) calculation based approach is the most widely accepted and explored method to date. However, the f2 statistics fail to predict the similarity of batches with unit-to-unit variability. Bootstrap statistical analysis of dissolution data between the test and reference products was introduced to overcome the problems associated with batches with unit variability. Bootstrap can also be applied to extract statistically significant results by treating a series of data from different batches, which can further help to understand the trend. The current review depicts different case study based approaches to show the applications of bootstrap statistics in disintegration and dissolution similarity evaluation for both conventional and additively manufactured solid dosage forms. It is concluded that bootstrap statistics can be a very promising and reliable data analytical tool for establishing in vitro product similarity for both conventional and additively manufactured formulations with a high level of intraunit variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054, India
| | - Tukaram Karanwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Subham Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Guwahati, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
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Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Kaity S, Wong TW. Current pharmaceutical design on adhesive based transdermal drug delivery systems. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 21:2771-83. [PMID: 25925119 DOI: 10.2174/1381612821666150428130215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug-in-adhesive transdermal drug delivery matrix exploits intimate contact of the carrier with stratum corneum, the principal skin barrier to drug transport, to deliver the actives across the skin and into the systemic circulation. The main application challenges of drug-in-adhesive matrix lie in the physicochemical properties of skin varying with age, gender, ethnicity, health and environmental condition of patients. This in turn poses difficulty to design a universal formulation to meet the intended adhesiveness, drug release and drug permeation performances. This review focuses on pressure-sensitive adhesives, and their adhesiveness and drug release/permeation modulation mechanisms as a function of adhesive molecular structure and formulation attributes. It discusses approaches to modulate adhesive tackiness, strength, elasticity, hydrophilicity, molecular suspension capability and swelling capacity, which contribute to the net effect of adhesive on skin bonding, drug release and drug permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi-835215, India.
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Kaity S, Ghosh A. Comparative bio-safety and in vivo evaluation of native or modified locust bean gum-PVA IPN microspheres. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:883-93. [PMID: 25307127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strategically developed natural polymer-based controlled release multiparticulate drug delivery systems have gained special interest for “spatial placement” and “temporal delivery” of drug molecules. In our earlier study, locust bean gum-poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer network (LBG-PVA IPN), carboxymethylated locust bean gum-poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer network (CMLBG-PVA IPN) and acrylamide grafted locust bean gum-poly(vinyl alcohol) interpenetrating polymer network (Am-g-LBG-PVA IPN) were prepared and characterized. The present study deals with accelerating stability testing, comparative bio-safety and single dose in vivo pharmacokinetic study of all three IPN microspheres for controlled oral delivery of buflomedil hydrochloride (BH). From the stability study, it was observed that the particles were stable throughout the study period. From toxicity and biodegradability study it was proved that the microspheres were safe for internal use and complied with bio-safety criterion. From the in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits, it was observed that the CMLBG-PVA IPN microspheres possessed almost similar Tmax value with BH oral suspension. However, in comparison between the LBG-PVA and Am-g-LBG-PVA IPN microspheres, the later showed well controlled release property than the first in biological condition. Thus, this type of delivery system might be useful to achieve the lofty goals of the controlled release drug delivery.
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Nandi G, Patra P, Priyadarshini R, Kaity S, Ghosh LK. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of methacrylamide grafted gellan as sustained release tablet matrix. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:965-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kaity S, Ghosh A. Carboxymethylation of Locust Bean Gum: Application in Interpenetrating Polymer Network Microspheres for Controlled Drug Delivery. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400445h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Kaity
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215,
Jharkhand, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215,
Jharkhand, India
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Banerjee S, Chattopadhyay P, Ghosh A, Kaity S, Veer V. Development and Validation of a Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Eserine and Pralidoxime Chloride in Drugs-in-Adhesive Matrix Type Transdermal Patches. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2013; 63:450-6. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Banerjee
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - P. Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - A. Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - S. Kaity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - V. Veer
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
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Isaac J, Kaity S, Ganguly S, Ghosh A. Microwave-induced solid dispersion technology to improve bioavailability of glipizide. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:219-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The effect of microwave (MW) irradiation and conventional heating (CH) on solid dispersion (SD) of poorly water-soluble glipizide (GPZ) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) were studied in detail.
Methods
The chemical stability of GPZ on exposure to MW irradiation and CH was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy studies. Comparative bioavailability studies were performed in rabbits using glipizide sustained-release tablets prepared using MW irradiation (MW-SD) or CH (CH-SD), with Glytop 2.5 mg SR as a reference.
Key findings
The MW-assisted melt mixing showed higher efficiency than CH in obtaining a homogeneous mixture having glass transparency. The polymorphic transformation of GPZ in each case was further confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction study. The solubility of GPZ in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was greater for MW-SD (72.250 ± 0.154 μg/ml) than CH-SD (46 ± 0.201 μg/ml). The MW-SD matrix tablet (2.5 mg) displayed retarded drug release (releasing 99.320 ± 4.992% drug in 12 h). In-vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits revealed that the relative bioavailability of GPZ from MW-SD tablets improved greatly (153.73 ± 9.713%).
Conclusions
MW-induced SD technology could be a better alternative to CH-SD for the enhanced solubility and bioavailability of GPZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
| | - Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
| | - Swastika Ganguly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
| | - Animesh Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India
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Abstract
Microsponges are polymeric delivery systems composed of porous microspheres. They are tiny sponge-like spherical particles with a large porous surface. Moreover, they may enhance stability, reduce side effects and modify drug release favorably. Microsponge technology has many favorable characteristics, which make it a versatile drug delivery vehicle. Microsponge Systems are based on microscopic, polymer-based microspheres that can suspend or entrap a wide variety of substances, and can then be incorporated into a formulated product such as a gel, cream, liquid or powder. The outer surface is typically porous, allowing a sustained flow of substances out of the sphere. Microsponges are porous, polymeric microspheres that are used mostly for topical use and have recently been used for oral administration. Microsponges are designed to deliver a pharmaceutical active ingredient efficiently at the minimum dose and also to enhance stability, reduce side effects, and modify drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Kaity
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T.Road, Asansol-713 301, West Bengal, India
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Vijan V, Kaity S, Biswas S, Isaac J, Ghosh A. Microwave assisted synthesis and characterization of acrylamide grafted gellan, application in drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:496-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bhattacharya SS, Sen KK, Sen SO, Banerjee S, Kaity S, Ghosh AK, Ghosh A. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(acrylic acid)/modified Bentonite Superabsorbent Polymer. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2011.557807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Banerjee S, Verma S, Pal D, Ghosh AK, Bhattacharya SS, Chattopadhyay P, Ghosh A, Kaity S. Fabrication and assessment of polyacrylate/(guar gum modified bentonite) superabsorbent polymeric composite. Journal of Polymer Engineering 2011. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.2011.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A superabsorbent composite was synthesized via polymerization in a complete aqueous environment. A polymeric composites was fabricated effectively by varying the concentration of natural gum and crosslinker. Reinforcing of the polymer chains with bentonite sheets was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that bentonite was exfoliated and dispersed in the polymeric matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal analysis (TGA/DSC/DTA) were used to study the morphology and thermal stability of the composites, respectively. The effects of natural gum and crosslinker were investigated. Results showed that introducing organic-inorganic composites improved the swelling capability and water retention ability of the superabsorbent.
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Maiti S, Dey P, Banik A, Sa B, Ray S, Kaity S. Tailoring of locust bean gum and development of hydrogel beads for controlled oral delivery of glipizide. Drug Deliv 2010; 17:288-300. [DOI: 10.3109/10717541003706265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Maiti S, Dey P, Kaity S, Ray S, Maji S, Sa B. Investigation on processing variables for the preparation of fluconazole-loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres by modified multiple emulsion technique. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:703-15. [PMID: 19479386 PMCID: PMC2802145 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole-loaded ethyl cellulose microspheres were prepared by alginate facilitated (water-in-oil)-in-water emulsion technology and the effects of various processing variables on the properties of microspheres were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy revealed spherical nature and smooth surface morphology of the microspheres except those prepared at higher concentration of emulsifiers and higher stirring speeds. The size of microspheres varied between 228 and 592 mum, and as high as 80% drug entrapment efficiency was obtained depending upon the processing variables. When compared up to 2 h, the drug release in pH 1.2 HCl solution was slower than in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer saline solution. However, this trend was reversed at high shear conditions. The microspheres provided extended drug release in alkaline dissolution medium and the drug release was found to be controlled by Fickian-diffusion mechanism. However, the mechanism shifted to anomalous diffusion at high shear rates and emulsifier concentrations. The aging of microspheres did not influence the drug release kinetics. However, the physical interaction between drug and excipients affected the drug dissolution behaviors. X-ray diffractometry (X-RD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed amorphous nature of drug in the microspheres. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated stable character of fluconazole in the microspheres. The stability testing data also supported the stable nature of fluconazole in the microspheres. The fluconazole extracted from 80% drug-loaded formulation showed good in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Thus, proper control of the processing variables involved in this modified multiple emulsion technology could allow effective incorporation of slightly water soluble drugs into ethyl cellulose microspheres without affecting drug stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Maiti
- Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T Road, Asansol, 713301 West Bengal, India.
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