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Scairati R, Auriemma RS, Del Vecchio G, Di Meglio S, Pivonello R, Colao A. Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14190. [PMID: 38470045 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone promoting lactation in response to the suckling reflex. Beyond its well-known effects, novel tissue-specific and metabolic functions of PRL are emerging. AIMS To dissect PRL as a critical mediator of whole-body gluco-insulinemic sensitivity. METHODS PubMed-based search with the following terms 'prolactin', 'glucose metabolism', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'gestational diabetes mellitus' was performed. DISCUSSION The identification of the PRL-glucose metabolism network poses the basis for unprecedented avenues of research in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, as well as of gestational diabetes. In this regard, it is of timely relevance to define properly the homeostatic PRL serum levels since glucose metabolism could be influenced by the circulating amount of the hormone. RESULTS This review underscores the basic mechanisms of regulation of pancreatic β-cell functions by PRL and provides a revision of articles which have investigated the connection between PRL unbalancing and diabetes mellitus. Future studies are needed to elucidate the burden and the role of PRL in the regulation of glucose metabolism and determine the specific PRL threshold that may impact the management of diabetes. CONCLUSION A careful evaluation and context-driven interpretation of PRL levels (e.g., pregnancy, PRL-secreting pituitary adenomas, drug-related hyper- and hypoprolactinemia) could be critical for the correct screening and management of glucometabolic disorders, such as type 1 or 2 as well as gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Scairati
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Simona Auriemma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Guendalina Del Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Di Meglio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia, Andrologia e Nutrizione, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Di Meglio L, Desilles JP, Ollivier V, Nomenjanahary MS, Di Meglio S, Deschildre C, Loyau S, Olivot JM, Blanc R, Piotin M, Bouton MC, Michel JB, Jandrot-Perrus M, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Mazighi M. Acute ischemic stroke thrombi have an outer shell that impairs fibrinolysis. Neurology 2019; 93:e1686-e1698. [PMID: 31541014 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thrombi responsible for large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the setting of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are characterized by a low recanalization rate after IV thrombolysis. To test whether AIS thrombi have inherent common features that limit their susceptibility to thrombolysis, we analyzed the composition and ultrastructural organization of AIS thrombi causing LVO. METHODS A total of 199 endovascular thrombectomy-retrieved thrombi were analyzed by immunohistology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and subjected to ex vivo thrombolysis assay. The relationship between thrombus organization and thrombolysis resistance was further investigated in vitro using thrombus produced by recalcification of citrated whole blood. RESULTS SEM and immunohistology analyses revealed that, although AIS thrombus composition and organization was highly heterogeneous, AIS thrombi shared a common remarkable structural feature in the form of an outer shell made of densely compacted thrombus components including fibrin, von Willebrand factor, and aggregated platelets. In vitro thrombosis experiments using human blood indicated that platelets were essential to the formation of the thrombus outer shell. Finally, in both AIS and in vitro thrombi, the thrombus outer shell showed a decreased susceptibility to tissue plasminogen activator-mediated thrombolysis as compared to the thrombus inner core. INTERPRETATION Irrespective of their etiology and despite their heterogeneity, intracranial thrombi causing LVO have a core shell structure that influences their susceptibility to thrombolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Di Meglio
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Jean-Philippe Desilles
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Véronique Ollivier
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Mialitiana Solo Nomenjanahary
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Sara Di Meglio
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Catherine Deschildre
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Stéphane Loyau
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Jean-Marc Olivot
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Raphaël Blanc
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Michel Piotin
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
| | - Benoît Ho-Tin-Noé
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France.
| | - Mikael Mazighi
- From U1148 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) (L.D.M., J.-P.D., V.O., M.S.N., S.D.M., C.D., S.L., M.-C.B., J.-B.M., M.J.-P., B.H.-T.-N., M.M.), Laboratory of Vascular Translational Science, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (J.-P.D., R.B., M.P., M.M.), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris; and Toulouse University Medical Center (J.-M.O.), France
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