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Hamilton JL, Eways KR, Fohn S, Dunn W. Multicultural Awareness and a Comprehensive Team Approach to Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2019; 26:282-290. [PMID: 31201654 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-019-09638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients being considered for a liver transplant undergo a rigorous evaluation process to identify the medical and psychosocial factors that may impact transplant success. The American Association for the Study of Liver Disease outlines recommendations for medical factors, but guidelines for psychosocial factors, such as multiculturalism, are less clear. The aim of this unique case study was to highlight the importance of multicultural awareness in the context of liver transplantation. More specifically, the report follows an American Indian man from initial diagnosis through psychological assessment and transplantation in order to illustrate the benefits of a comprehensive, multicultural team approach. Various components of multiculturalism are discussed, including the patient's ethnicity, intellectual functioning, socioeconomic status, and mental health history. Consideration of these factors by the patient's treatment team ultimately led to the patient's candidacy for transplant, as well as effective psychosocial support throughout the transplant process and recovery. Incorporation more specific psychosocial recommendations into national liver transplantation guidelines would likely improve the evaluation process and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Kalon R Eways
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sara Fohn
- Department of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Winston Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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Dunn W, Vittal A, Zhao J, He J, Chakraborty S, Whitener M, Fohn S, Ash R, Taylor RM, Olyaee M, Olson JC, Todd N, Floyd BN, Pandya P, Laycock M, Schmitt T, Weinman SA. PNPLA3 gene predicts clinical recovery after sustained virological response in decompensated hepatitis C cirrhosis. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000241. [PMID: 30997139 PMCID: PMC6441264 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2018-000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with decompensated hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis experience various outcomes after sustained virological response (SVR), ranging from clinical recovery to further deterioration. We hypothesised that the genetic risk for steatosis, namely the polymorphisms rs738409 of Patatin-like Phospholipase Domain-Containing 3 (PNPLA3), rs58542926 of Transmembrane-6-Superfamily-2 (TM6SF2), and rs641738 of Membrane-bound O-acyltransferase Domain-Containing 7 (MBOAT7), is predictive of recovery. Methods We prospectively enrolled 56 patients with Child-Pugh (CPT) B/C cirrhosis who underwent antiviral therapy. The primary outcome was change in CPT score at 12, 24, and 48 weeks after SVR. We used a linear mixed-effects model for analysis. Results Forty-five patients (PNPLA3: 21 CC, 19 CG, 5 GG) survived to the first endpoint without liver transplantation. The mean change in CPT score at 12, 24, and 48 weeks was −1.57 (SE=0.30), –1.76 (SE=0.32), and −2.0 (SE=0.36), respectively, among the patients with the PNPLA3 CC genotype and −0.50 (SE=0.20), –0.41 (SE=0.25), and −0.24 (SE=0.27), respectively, among the other 24 patients. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, the PNPLA3 CG/GG genotypes were associated with a 1.29 (SE=0.30, p<0.0001) point higher CPT score. Most of the difference came from differences in hepatic encephalopathy and bilirubin. The results for rs58542926 and rs641738 were not significant. Conclusion The PNPLA3 CG/GG genotypes could identify a subgroup of patients with decompensated HCV cirrhosis that had suboptimal clinical recovery despite SVR. An understanding of the genetic factors that influence clinical outcomes will help target patients for liver transplant based on individual genetic risk factors and provide insight leading to new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston Dunn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Anusha Vittal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,NIH/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianghua He
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Shweta Chakraborty
- Liver Transplant Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Melissa Whitener
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Sara Fohn
- Liver Transplant Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan Ash
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Ryan M Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mojtaba Olyaee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jody C Olson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Nancy Todd
- Liver Transplant Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Beth N Floyd
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Prashant Pandya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Melissa Laycock
- Liver Transplant Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Timothy Schmitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Steven A Weinman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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