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Jin Y, Fei M, Rosenquist S, Jin L, Gohil S, Sandström C, Olsson H, Persson C, Höglund AS, Fransson G, Ruan Y, Åman P, Jansson C, Liu C, Andersson R, Sun C. A Dual-Promoter Gene Orchestrates the Sucrose-Coordinated Synthesis of Starch and Fructan in Barley. Mol Plant 2017; 10:1556-1570. [PMID: 29126994 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sequential carbohydrate synthesis is important for plant survival because it guarantees energy supplies for growth and development during plant ontogeny and reproduction. Starch and fructan are two important carbohydrates in many flowering plants and in human diets. Understanding this coordinated starch and fructan synthesis and unraveling how plants allocate photosynthates and prioritize different carbohydrate synthesis for survival could lead to improvements to cereals in agriculture for the purposes of greater food security and production quality. Here, we report a system from a single gene in barley employing two alternative promoters, one intronic/exonic, to generate two sequence-overlapping but functionally opposing transcription factors, in sensing sucrose, potentially via sucrose/glucose/fructose/trehalose 6-phosphate signaling. The system employs an autoregulatory mechanism in perceiving a sucrose-controlled trans activity on one promoter and orchestrating the coordinated starch and fructan synthesis by competitive transcription factor binding on the other promoter. As a case in point for the physiological roles of the system, we have demonstrated that this multitasking system can be exploited in breeding barley with tailored amounts of fructan to produce healthy food ingredients. The identification of an intron/exon-spanning promoter in a hosting gene, resulting in proteins with distinct functions, adds to the complexity of plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mingliang Fei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sara Rosenquist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lu Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suresh Gohil
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Corine Sandström
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Olsson
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- The Swedish NMR Centre at University of Gothenburg, Box 465, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Stina Höglund
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Fransson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Ruan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Jansson
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K8-93, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Mutisya J, Sun C, Rosenquist S, Baguma Y, Jansson C. Diurnal oscillation of SBE expression in sorghum endosperm. J Plant Physiol 2009; 166:428-434. [PMID: 18790548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2008.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal expression patterns of the sorghum SBEI, SBEIIA and SBEIIB genes, encoding, respectively, starch branching enzyme (SBE) I, IIA and IIB, in the developing endosperm of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) were studied. Full-length genomic and cDNA clones for sorghum were cloned, and the SBEIIA cDNA was used together with gene-specific probes for sorghum SBEIIB and SBEI. In contrast to sorghum SBEIIB, which was expressed primarily in endosperm and embryo, SBEIIA was also expressed in vegetative tissues. All three genes shared a similar temporal expression profile during endosperm development, with a maximum activity at 15-24 d after pollination. This differed from barley and maize, in which SBEI gene activity showed a significantly later onset compared to that of SBEIIA and SBEIIB. Expression of the three SBE genes in the sorghum endosperm exhibited a diurnal rhythm during a 24-h cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Mutisya
- Department of Plant Biology & Forest Genetics, Uppsala BioCenter, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Hammargren J, Rosenquist S, Jansson C, Knorpp C. A novel connection between nucleotide and carbohydrate metabolism in mitochondria: sugar regulation of the Arabidopsis nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3a gene. Plant Cell Rep 2008; 27:529-534. [PMID: 18057937 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sugar metabolism is intricately connected with mitochondria through the conversion of sugars to ATP, and through the production of carbon skeletons that can be used in anabolic processes. Sugar molecules also take part in signalling cascades. In this study we investigated the impact of sucrose on the expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase gene family (NDPK, EC 2.7.4.6), focusing on NDPK3a, the product of which is located predominantly in mitochondria. Using quantitative PCR we show that the NDPK3a gene is subject to sucrose and glucose induction, while no other Arabidopsis NDPK gene are sucrose-inducible. The induction reaches a half-maximum after about 6 hours and is stable for at least 48 h. Sucrose and glucose inductions were found not to be affected by the presence of a hexokinase inhibitor, N-acetyl-glucosamine. Furthermore, turanose, a sucrose analogue that is not metabolised in plant cells, did not induce NDPK3a gene expression. An analysis of the NDPK3a gene revealed two WBOXHWISO1 boxes in the promoter region, elements that have previously been reported to be involved in sugar signalling in barley via the SUSIBA2 protein. SUSIBA2 belongs to the WRKY group of transcription factors. In this study we used two mutants containing T-DNA insertions in WRKY-genes, AtWrky4 and AtWrky34, to investigate the possible involvement of WRKY transcription factors in the sugar induction of NDPK3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Hammargren
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Edqvist J, Rönnberg E, Rosenquist S, Blomqvist K, Viitanen L, Salminen TA, Nylund M, Tuuf J, Mattjus P. Plants Express a Lipid Transfer Protein with High Similarity to Mammalian Sterol Carrier Protein-2. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:53544-53. [PMID: 15456765 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405099200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first report describing the cloning and characterization of sterol carrier protein-2 (SCP-2) from plants. Arabidopsis thaliana SCP-2 (AtSCP-2) consists of 123 amino acids with a molecular mass of 13.6 kDa. AtSCP-2 shows 35% identity and 56% similarity to the human SCP-2-like domain present in the human D-bifunctional protein (DBP) and 30% identity and 54% similarity to the human SCP-2 encoded by SCP-X. The presented structural models of apo-AtSCP-2 and the ligand-bound conformation of AtSCP-2 reveal remarkable similarity with two of the structurally known SCP-2s, the SCP-2-like domain of human DBP and the rabbit SCP-2, correspondingly. The AtSCP-2 models in both forms have a similar hydrophobic ligand-binding tunnel, which is extremely suitable for lipid binding. AtSCP-2 showed in vitro transfer activity of BODIPY-phosphatidylcholine (BODIPY-PC) from donor membranes to acceptor membranes. The transfer of BODIPY-PC was almost completely inhibited after addition of 1-palmitoyl 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine or ergosterol. Dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid, stigmasterol, steryl glucoside, and cholesterol showed a moderate to marginal ability to lower the BODIPY-PC transfer rate, and the single chain palmitic acid and stearoyl-coenzyme A did not affect transfer at all. Expression analysis showed that AtSCP-2 mRNA is accumulating in most plant tissues. Plasmids carrying fusion genes between green fluorescent protein and AtSCP-2 were transformed with particle bombardment to onion epidermal cells. The results from analyzing the transformants indicate that AtSCP-2 is localized to peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Edqvist
- Department of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7080, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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