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Saba E, Farhat M, Daoud A, Khashan A, Forkush E, Menahem NH, Makkawi H, Pandi K, Angabo S, Kawasaki H, Plaschkes I, Parnas O, Zamir G, Atlan K, Elkin M, Katz L, Nussbaum G. Oral bacteria accelerate pancreatic cancer development in mice. Gut 2024; 73:770-786. [PMID: 38233197 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies highlight an association between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and oral carriage of the anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, a species highly linked to periodontal disease. We analysed the potential for P. gingivalis to promote pancreatic cancer development in an animal model and probed underlying mechanisms. DESIGN We tracked P. gingivalis bacterial translocation from the oral cavity to the pancreas following administration to mice. To dissect the role of P. gingivalis in PDAC development, we administered bacteria to a genetically engineered mouse PDAC model consisting of inducible acinar cell expression of mutant Kras (Kras +/LSL-G12D; Ptf1a-CreER, iKC mice). These mice were used to study the cooperative effects of Kras mutation and P. gingivalis on the progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) to PDAC. The direct effects of P. gingivalis on acinar cells and PDAC cell lines were studied in vitro. RESULTS P. gingivalis migrated from the oral cavity to the pancreas in mice and can be detected in human PanIN lesions. Repetitive P. gingivalis administration to wild-type mice induced pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), and altered the composition of the intrapancreatic microbiome. In iKC mice, P. gingivalis accelerated PanIN to PDAC progression. In vitro, P. gingivalis infection induced acinar cell ADM markers SOX9 and CK19, and intracellular bacteria protected PDAC cells from reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death resulting from nutrient stress. CONCLUSION Taken together, our findings demonstrate a causal role for P. gingivalis in pancreatic cancer development in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Saba
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maria Farhat
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alaa Daoud
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arin Khashan
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Forkush
- Gastroenterology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Noam Hallel Menahem
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hasnaa Makkawi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Karthikeyan Pandi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Angabo
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hiromichi Kawasaki
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Koda-cho, Akitakata-shi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Inbar Plaschkes
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oren Parnas
- Immunology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gideon Zamir
- Experimental Surgery, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Michael Elkin
- Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lior Katz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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Pandi K, Angabo S, Makkawi H, Benyamini H, Elgavish S, Nussbaum G. P. gingivalis-Induced TLR2 Interactome Analysis Reveals Association with PARP9. J Dent Res 2024; 103:329-338. [PMID: 38344758 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231222181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium strongly associated with periodontal disease. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is indispensable for the host response to P. gingivalis, but P. gingivalis escapes from immune clearance via TLR2-dependent activation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). To probe the TLR2-dependent escape pathway of P. gingivalis, we analyzed the TLR2 interactome induced following P. gingivalis infection or activation by a synthetic lipopeptide TLR2/1 agonist on human macrophages overexpressing TLR2. Interacting proteins were stabilized by cross-linking and then immunoprecipitated and analyzed by mass spectrometry. In total, 792 proteins were recovered and network analysis enabled mapping of the TLR2 interactome at baseline and in response to infection. The P. gingivalis infection-induced TLR2 interactome included the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family member mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase protein 9 (PARP9) and additional members of the PARP9 complex (DTX3L and NMI). PARP9 and its complex members are highly upregulated in macrophages exposed to P. gingivalis or to the synthetic TLR2/1 ligand Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (PAM). Consistent with its known role in virally induced interferon production, PARP9 knockdown blocked type I interferon (IFN-I) production in response to P. gingivalis and reduced inflammatory cytokine production. We found that P. gingivalis drives signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) 1 (S727) phosphorylation through TLR2-PARP9, explaining PARP9's role in the induction of IFN-I downstream of TLR2. Furthermore, PARP9 knockdown reduced PI3K activation by P. gingivalis, leading to improved macrophage bactericidal activity. In summary, PARP9 is a novel TLR2 interacting partner that enables IFN-I induction and P. gingivalis immune escape in macrophages downstream of TLR2 sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pandi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Angabo
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Makkawi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Elgavish
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Nussbaum
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Pandi K, Angabo S, Gnanasekaran J, Makkawi H, Eli-Berchoer L, Glaser F, Nussbaum G. Porphyromonas gingivalis induction of TLR2 association with Vinculin enables PI3K activation and immune evasion. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011284. [PMID: 37023213 PMCID: PMC10112799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that thrives in the inflamed environment of the gingival crevice, and is strongly associated with periodontal disease. The host response to P. gingivalis requires TLR2, however P. gingivalis benefits from TLR2-driven signaling via activation of PI3K. We studied TLR2 protein-protein interactions induced in response to P. gingivalis, and identified an interaction between TLR2 and the cytoskeletal protein vinculin (VCL), confirmed using a split-ubiquitin system. Computational modeling predicted critical TLR2 residues governing the physical association with VCL, and mutagenesis of interface residues W684 and F719, abrogated the TLR2-VCL interaction. In macrophages, VCL knock-down led to increased cytokine production, and enhanced PI3K signaling in response to P. gingivalis infection, effects that correlated with increased intracellular bacterial survival. Mechanistically, VCL suppressed TLR2 activation of PI3K by associating with its substrate PIP2. P. gingivalis induction of TLR2-VCL led to PIP2 release from VCL, enabling PI3K activation via TLR2. These results highlight the complexity of TLR signaling, and the importance of discovering protein-protein interactions that contribute to the outcome of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Pandi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Angabo
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jeba Gnanasekaran
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hasnaa Makkawi
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luba Eli-Berchoer
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Fabian Glaser
- Bioinformatics Knowledge Unit, The Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University-Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gnanasekaran J, Binder Gallimidi A, Saba E, Pandi K, Eli Berchoer L, Hermano E, Angabo S, Makkawi H, Khashan A, Daoud A, Elkin M, Nussbaum G. Intracellular Porphyromonas gingivalis Promotes the Tumorigenic Behavior of Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082331. [PMID: 32824786 PMCID: PMC7465784 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a member of the dysbiotic oral microbiome associated with oral inflammation and periodontal disease. Intriguingly, epidemiological studies link P. gingivalis to an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Given that oral bacteria are detected in human pancreatic cancer, and both mouse and human pancreata harbor microbiota, we explored the involvement of P. gingivalis in pancreatic tumorigenesis using cell lines and a xenograft model. Live P. gingivalis induced proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells; however, surprisingly, this effect was independent of Toll-like receptor 2, the innate immune receptor that is engaged in response to P. gingivalis on other cancer and immune cells, and is required for P. gingivalis to induce alveolar bone resorption. Instead, we found that P. gingivalis survives inside pancreatic cancer cells, a trait that can be enhanced in vitro and is increased by hypoxia, a central characteristic of pancreatic cancer. Increased tumor cell proliferation was related to the degree of intracellular persistence, and infection of tumor cells with P. gingivalis led to enhanced growth in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the direct effect of exposure to P. gingivalis on the tumorigenic behavior of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our findings shed light on potential mechanisms underlying the pancreatic cancer–periodontitis link.
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Affiliation(s)
- JebaMercy Gnanasekaran
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Adi Binder Gallimidi
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Elias Saba
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Karthikeyan Pandi
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Luba Eli Berchoer
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Esther Hermano
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Sarah Angabo
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Hasna′a Makkawi
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Arin Khashan
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Alaa Daoud
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
| | - Michael Elkin
- Sharett Oncology Institute, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (G.N.); Tel.: +972-2-6776782 (M.E.); +972-2-6758581 (G.N.)
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- The Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (J.G.); (A.B.G.); (E.S.); (K.P.); (L.E.B.); (S.A.); (H.M.); (A.K.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.E.); (G.N.); Tel.: +972-2-6776782 (M.E.); +972-2-6758581 (G.N.)
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