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Rodrigues V, Taheraly S, Maurin M, San-Roman M, Granier E, Hanouna A, Benaroch P. Release of HIV-1 particles from macrophages is promoted by an anchored cytoskeleton and driven by mechanical constraints. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:277005. [PMID: 36074045 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A feature of HIV-1 replication in macrophages is that viral assembly occurs at the limiting membrane of a compartment often named VCC (virus-containing compartments). Assembled virions accumulate in the lumen of the VCC, from where they can be released into the extracellular medium, via mechanisms that remain poorly described. Here we show that the actin cytoskeleton contributes to this process by combining pharmacological and mechanical perturbations with imaging and biochemical analysis. We found that jasplakinolide inhibited HIV-1 release from macrophages and led to scattering of the compartment. Concomitantly, both the integrin CD18 and the phosphorylated form of PYK2 were displaced away from the VCC. Inhibition of PYK2 activity promoted retention of viral particles in VCC that lost their connections to the surface. Finally, in infected macrophages undergoing frustrated phagocytosis, VCC rapidly trafficked to the basal membrane and released their viral content, in a manner dependent on their association with the actin cytoskeleton. These results highlight that VCC trafficking and virus release are intimately linked to the reorganization of the macrophage actin cytoskeleton that can be modulated by external physical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Rodrigues
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Taheraly
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Emma Granier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anaël Hanouna
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Phillippe Benaroch
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, 75005 Paris, France
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Simao M, Régnier F, Taheraly S, Fraisse A, Tacine R, Fraudeau M, Benabid A, Feuillet V, Lambert M, Delon J, Randriamampita C. cAMP Bursts Control T Cell Directionality by Actomyosin Cytoskeleton Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:633099. [PMID: 34095108 PMCID: PMC8173256 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
T lymphocyte migration is an essential step to mounting an efficient immune response. The rapid and random motility of these cells which favors their sentinel role is conditioned by chemokines as well as by the physical environment. Morphological changes, underlaid by dynamic actin cytoskeleton remodeling, are observed throughout migration but especially when the cell modifies its trajectory. However, the signaling cascade regulating the directional changes remains largely unknown. Using dynamic cell imaging, we investigated in this paper the signaling pathways involved in T cell directionality. We monitored cyclic adenosine 3′-5′ monosphosphate (cAMP) variation concomitantly with actomyosin distribution upon T lymphocyte migration and highlighted the fact that spontaneous bursts in cAMP starting from the leading edge, are sufficient to promote actomyosin redistribution triggering trajectory modification. Although cAMP is commonly considered as an immunosuppressive factor, our results suggest that, when transient, it rather favors the exploratory behavior of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Simao
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Régnier
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Taheraly
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Achille Fraisse
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,Master de Biologie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rachida Tacine
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marie Fraudeau
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Adam Benabid
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Lambert
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Delon
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
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Taheraly S, Ershov D, Dmitrieff S, Minc N. An image analysis method to survey the dynamics of polar protein abundance in the regulation of tip growth. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/22/jcs252064. [PMID: 33257499 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tip growth is critical for the lifestyle of many walled cells. In yeast and fungi, this process is typically associated with the polarized deposition of conserved tip factors, including landmarks, Rho GTPases, cytoskeleton regulators, and membrane and cell wall remodelers. Because tip growth speeds may vary extensively between life cycles or species, we asked whether the local amount of specific polar elements could determine or limit tip growth speeds. Using the model fission yeast, we developed a quantitative image analysis pipeline to dynamically correlate single tip elongation speeds and polar protein abundance in large data sets. We found that polarity landmarks are typically diluted by growth. In contrast, tip growth speed is positively correlated with the local amount of factors related to actin, secretion or cell wall remodeling, but, surprisingly, exhibits long saturation plateaus above certain concentrations of those factors. Similar saturation observed for Spitzenkörper components in much faster growing fungal hyphae suggests that elements independent of canonical surface remodelers may limit single tip growth. This work provides standardized methods and resources to decipher the complex mechanisms that control cell growth.This article has an associated First Person interview with Sarah Taheraly, joint first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Taheraly
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Dmitry Ershov
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Serge Dmitrieff
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Minc
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, 75013, Paris, France
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