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Pettinger NW, Empey JM, Fröbel S, Kohler B. Photoreductive dissolution of cerium oxide nanoparticles and their size-dependent absorption properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5756-5764. [PMID: 32104809 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06579b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerium oxide has attracted attention recently for its photocatalytic properties, but there are gaps in understanding its performance, especially at low and high pH. UV irradiation of ceria nanoparticles causes electrons from photogenerated electron-hole pairs to localize as small polarons, yielding Ce3+ ions. In pH 10 solution, ceria nanoparticles capped with polyacrylic acid ligands can accumulate large numbers of Ce3+ defects as revealed by strong bleaching of the absorption onset. In contrast, we show that UV irradiation of several-nanometer diameter ceria nanoparticles in acidic (pH < 3) aqueous solution releases Ce3+ ions into solution with a quantum yield that approaches 70% and that varies with excitation wavelength, particle size, and the presence of a hole scavenger (glycerol) on the nanoparticle surface. The instability of Ce3+ at the nanoparticle surface and the ability of electron small polarons to migrate to the surface by hopping strongly suggest that nanoceria is fully oxidized and essentially free of Ce3+ centers at pH < 3. Efficient photoreduction and the excellent stability of unirradiated nanoparticles make it easy to shrink the nanoparticles using only light, while maintaining them in a fully oxidized state. This enables study of the size-dependent absorption properties of ceria nanoparticles that are free of Ce3+ defects. No evidence of quantum confinement is observed, consistent with highly localized excited states. The observed quantum yields of photoreduction are higher than reported for other metal oxides, revealing that a significant fraction of electron-hole pairs are available for driving surface redox reactions, even in fully oxidized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha W Pettinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Empey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Sascha Fröbel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Bern Kohler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Diekmann J, Gontcharov J, Fröbel S, Torres Ziegenbein C, Zinth W, Gilch P. The Photoaddition of a Psoralen to DNA Proceeds via the Triplet State. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13643-13653. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Diekmann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Gontcharov
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Sascha Fröbel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Torres Ziegenbein
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zinth
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich CIPSM, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
| | - Peter Gilch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Torres Ziegenbein C, Fröbel S, Glöß M, Nobuyasu RS, Data P, Monkman A, Gilch P. Front Cover: Triplet Harvesting with a Simple Aromatic Carbonyl (ChemPhysChem 17/2017). Chemphyschem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Torres Ziegenbein
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sascha Fröbel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; The Ohio State University; 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Maria Glöß
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Przemyslaw Data
- Department of Physics; Durham University; Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
- Faculty of Chemistry; Silesian University of Technology; M. Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Andrew Monkman
- Department of Physics; Durham University; Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gilch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Torres Ziegenbein
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Sascha Fröbel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; The Ohio State University; 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Maria Glöß
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | | | - Przemyslaw Data
- Department of Physics; Durham University; Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
- Faculty of Chemistry; Silesian University of Technology; M. Strzody 9 44-100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Andrew Monkman
- Department of Physics; Durham University; Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gilch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Universitätstr. 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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Abstract
The efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes crucially depends on triplet harvesters. These accept energy from triplet correlated electron hole pairs and convert it into light. Here, experimental evidence is given that simple aromatic carbonyls, such as thioxanthone, could serve this purpose. In these compounds, the emissive 1 ππ* excitation may rapidly equilibrate with an upper triplet state (3 nπ*). This equilibrium may persist for nanoseconds. Population of the 3 nπ* state via energy transfer from an electron hole pair should result in fluorescence emission and thereby triplet harvesting. To demonstrate the effect, solutions of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (triplet sensitizer) and thioxanthone (harvester) were excited at 266 nm with a nanosecond laser. The emission decay reveals a 100 ns decay absent in the thioxanthone only sample. This matches predictions for an energy transfer limited by diffusion and gives clear evidence that thioxanthone can convert triplet excitations into light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Torres Ziegenbein
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Fröbel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Maria Glöß
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roberto S Nobuyasu
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrew Monkman
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gilch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Mundt R, Torres Ziegenbein C, Fröbel S, Weingart O, Gilch P. Femtosecond Spectroscopy of Calcium Dipicolinate—A Major Component of Bacterial Spores. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9376-86. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Mundt
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr.
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Torres Ziegenbein
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr.
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sascha Fröbel
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr.
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Oliver Weingart
- Institut
für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Gilch
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr.
1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Fröbel S, Levi L, Ulamec SM, Gilch P. Photoinduced Electron Transfer between Psoralens and DNA: Influence of DNA Sequence and Substitution. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:1377-86. [PMID: 26607751 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Psoralens are heterocyclic compounds which are, among other uses, used to treat skin deseases in the framework of PUVA therapy. In the dark, they intercalate into DNA and can form photoadducts with thymines upon UV-A excitation, which harms the affected cells. We have recently discovered that after excitation of intercalated psoralens, an efficient photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from DNA occurs. Here, the PET is studied in detail by means of femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Using DNA samples that contain either only GC or AT base pairs, we show that only guanine donates the electrons. Additionally, the substituent effects on PET are studied relying on three different psoralen derivatives. The substitution alters spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the psoralens, which are determined by cyclic voltammetry and steady state spectroscopy. These experiments allow us to estimate the PET energetics, which are in line with the measured kinetics. Implications for the applications of psoralens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Fröbel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucilla Levi
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine M Ulamec
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Gilch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Abstract
The interaction of psoralens with DNA has been used for therapeutic and research purposes for decades. Still the photoinduced behavior of psoralens in DNA has never been observed directly. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is used here to gain direct insight into the photophysics of a DNA-intercalated psoralen (4'-aminomethyl-4,5',8-trimethyl-psoralen (AMT)). Intercalation reduces the excited singlet lifetime of AMT to 4 ps compared with 1400 ps for AMT in water. This singlet quenching prohibits the population of the triplet state that is accessed in free AMT. Instead, a DNA to AMT electron transfer takes place. The resulting radical pair decays primarily via charge recombination with a time constant of 30 ps. The efficient electron transfer observed here reveals a completely new aspect of the psoralen-DNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Fröbel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich Heine Universität, Gebäude 25.43.01, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Reiffers
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich Heine Universität, Gebäude 25.43.01, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Torres Ziegenbein
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich Heine Universität, Gebäude 25.43.01, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Gilch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich Heine Universität, Gebäude 25.43.01, Universitätstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Fröbel S, Buschhaus L, Villnow T, Weingart O, Gilch P. The photoformation of a phthalide: a ketene intermediate traced by FSRS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:376-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03351e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy, transient absorption and quantum chemistry are combined to unravel the complex path of phthalide photoformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Fröbel
- Heinrich Heine Universität
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Laura Buschhaus
- Heinrich Heine Universität
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Torben Villnow
- Heinrich Heine Universität
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Oliver Weingart
- Heinrich Heine Universität
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie und Computerchemie
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
| | - Peter Gilch
- Heinrich Heine Universität
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- 40225 Düsseldorf
- Germany
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Seidel CA, Kalinin S, Sindbert S, Vardanyan H, Fröbel S, Hanke C, Mueller S, Gohlke H. High-Precision FRET to Analyze the Architecture and Heterogeneity of RNA Junctions. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Vardanyan H, Fröbel S, Kalinin S, Sindbert S, Hanke C, Müller S, Gohlke H, Seidel CA. Accurate Distance and Structure Determination of Three Different RNA Three-Way Junctions via High Precision FRET. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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