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Rane R, Walsh TK, Lenancker P, Gock A, Dao TH, Nguyen VL, Khin TN, Amalin D, Chittarath K, Faheem M, Annamalai S, Thanarajoo SS, Trisyono YA, Khay S, Kim J, Kuniata L, Powell K, Kalyebi A, Otim MH, Nam K, d’Alençon E, Gordon KHJ, Tay WT. Complex multiple introductions drive fall armyworm invasions into Asia and Australia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:660. [PMID: 36635481 PMCID: PMC9837037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27501-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is thought to have undergone a rapid 'west-to-east' spread since 2016 when it was first identified in western Africa. Between 2018 and 2020, it was recorded from South Asia (SA), Southeast Asia (SEA), East Asia (EA), and Pacific/Australia (PA). Population genomic analyses enabled the understanding of pathways, population sources, and gene flow in this notorious agricultural pest species. Using neutral single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) DNA markers, we detected genome introgression that suggested most populations in this study were overwhelmingly C- and R-strain hybrids (n = 252/262). SNP and mitochondrial DNA markers identified multiple introductions that were most parsimoniously explained by anthropogenic-assisted spread, i.e., associated with international trade of live/fresh plants and plant products, and involved 'bridgehead populations' in countries to enable successful pest establishment in neighbouring countries. Distinct population genomic signatures between Myanmar and China do not support the 'African origin spread' nor the 'Myanmar source population to China' hypotheses. Significant genetic differentiation between populations from different Australian states supported multiple pathways involving distinct SEA populations. Our study identified Asia as a biosecurity hotspot and a FAW genetic melting pot, and demonstrated the use of genome analysis to disentangle preventable human-assisted pest introductions from unpreventable natural pest spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Rane
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719CSIRO, 343 Royal Parade, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Thomas K. Walsh
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia ,grid.1004.50000 0001 2158 5405Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Pauline Lenancker
- grid.467576.1Sugar Research Australia, 71378 Bruce Highway, Gordonvale, QLD 4865 Australia
| | - Andrew Gock
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Thi Hang Dao
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Divina Amalin
- grid.411987.20000 0001 2153 4317Department of Biology, De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Muhammad Faheem
- CAB International Southeast Asia, Serdang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Y. Andi Trisyono
- grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Sathya Khay
- grid.473388.3Plant Protection Division of CARDI, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Juil Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Lastus Kuniata
- grid.473451.0New Britain Palm Oil, Ramu Agri Industry Ltd., Lae, Papua New Guinea
| | - Kevin Powell
- grid.467576.1Sugar Research Australia, 71378 Bruce Highway, Gordonvale, QLD 4865 Australia
| | | | - Michael H. Otim
- grid.463519.c0000 0000 9021 5435National Crops Resources Research Institute, Namulonge, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kiwoong Nam
- grid.503158.aDGIMI, Université Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Karl H. J. Gordon
- grid.1016.60000 0001 2173 2719CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- CSIRO, Black Mountain Laboratories, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia. .,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Li XY, Chu D, Yin YQ, Zhao XQ, Chen AD, Khay S, Douangboupha B, Kyaw MM, Kongchuensin M, Ngo VV, Nguyen CH. Possible Source Populations of the White-backed Planthopper in the Greater Mekong Subregion Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39167. [PMID: 27991532 PMCID: PMC5171772 DOI: 10.1038/srep39167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is a serious pest of rice in Asia. However, little is known regarding the migration of this pest insect from the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) including Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, and Vietnam, into China’s Yunnan Province. To determine the migration patterns of S. furcifera in the GMS and putative secondary immigration inside China’s Yunnan Province, we investigated the population genetic diversity, genetic structure, and gene flow of 42 S. furcifera populations across the six countries in the GMS by intensive sampling using mitochondrial genes. Our study revealed the potential emigration of S. furcifera from the GMS consists primarily of three major sources: 1) the S. furcifera from Laos and Vietnam migrate into south and southeast Yunnan, where they proceed to further migrate into northeast and central Yunnan; 2) the S. furcifera from Myanmar migrate into west Yunnan, and/or central Yunnan, and/or northeast Yunnan; 3) the S. furcifera from Cambodia migrate into southwest Yunnan, where the populations can migrate further into central Yunnan. The new data will not only be helpful in predicting population dynamics of the planthopper, but will also aid in regional control programs for this economically important pest insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yong Li
- Agriculture Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Dong Chu
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Yin
- Agriculture Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xue-Qing Zhao
- Agriculture Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Agriculture Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Sathya Khay
- Plant Protection Office, Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Phnom Penh 01, Cambodia
| | - Bounneuang Douangboupha
- Horticulture Research Center, National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute, Vientiane 7170, Lao PDR
| | - Mu Mu Kyaw
- Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar
| | - Manita Kongchuensin
- Plant Protection Research and Development Office, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok 10170, Thailand
| | - Vien Vinh Ngo
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chung Huy Nguyen
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Hem L, Khay S, Choi JH, Morgan ED, Abd El-Aty AM, Shim JH. Determination of Trichlorfon Pesticide Residues in Milk via Gas Chromatography with μ-Electron Capture Detection and GC-MS. Toxicol Res 2013; 26:149-55. [PMID: 24278518 PMCID: PMC3834475 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2010.26.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 05/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pesticide trichlorfon is readily degraded under experimental conditions to dichlorvos. A method has therefore been developed by which residues of trichlorfon in milk are determined as dichlorvos, using gas chromatography with μ-electron capture detection. The identification of dichlorvos was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Milk was extracted with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation, freezing lipid filtration, and partitioning into dichloromethane. The residue after partitioning of dichloromethane was dissolved in ethyl acetate for gas chromatography. Recovery concentration was determined at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 of times the maximum permitted residue limits (MRLs) for trichlorfon in milk. The average recoveries (n = 6) ranged from 92.4 to 103.6%. The repeatability of the measurements was expressed as relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 3.6%, to 6.7%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 3.7 and 11.1 μg/l, respectively. The accuracy and precision (expressed as RSD) were estimated at concentrations from 25 to 250 μg/l. The intra- and inter-day accuracy (n = 6) ranged from 89.2%to 91% and 91.3% to 96.3%, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions were lower than 8%. The developed method was applied to determine trichlorfon in real samples collected from the seven major cities in the Republic of Korea. No residual trichlorfon was detected in any samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hem
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Shin EH, Choi JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Khay S, Kim SJ, Im MH, Kwon CH, Shim JH. Simultaneous determination of three acidic herbicide residues in food crops using HPLC and confirmation via LC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:124-35. [PMID: 20842699 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
2,4-D, dicamba and 4-CPA with auxin-like activity have been intensively used in agriculture, for the control of unwanted broadleaf weeds. An analytical method involving HPLC coupled with UVD was developed for the simultaneous analysis of these three analytes in Chinese cabbage, apple and pepper fruits (representative non-fatty samples) and brown rice and soybean (representative fatty samples) using liquid-liquid partitioning and column cleanup procedures. The residues were confirmed via tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. The standard curves were linear over the range of the tested concentrations (0.25-10 microg/mL), as shown by a marked linearity in excess of 0.9999 (r(2) ). The average recoveries (mean, n = 3) ranged from 94.30 to 102.63 in Chinese cabbage, from 94.76 to 108.47 in apple, from 97.52 to 102.27 in pepper, from 76.19 to 101.90 in brown rice, and from 74.60 to 107.39 in soybean. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were <9% in all tested matrices. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.006 and 0.02 mg/kg, respectively. Samples purchased from local markets were analyzed to evaluate the applicability of the methods developed herein. The concentration of the 2,4-D residue was measured at 0.102 mg/kg in the soybean sample; however, this level is exactly the same MRL set by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. This developed method deserves full and complete consideration, as it clearly displays the sensitivity, accuracy and precision required for residue analysis of 2,4-D, dicamba and 4-CPA in food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ho Shin
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Khay S, Abd El-Aty AM, Choi JH, Shin EH, Shin HC, Kim JS, Chang BJ, Lee CH, Shin SC, Jeong JY, Shim JH. Simultaneous determination of pyrethroids from pesticide residues in porcine muscle and pasteurized milk using GC. J Sep Sci 2008; 32:244-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu X, Abd El-Aty AM, Choi JH, Khay S, Mamun MIR, Jeon HR, Lee SH, Chang BJ, Lee CH, Shin HC, Shim JH. Analytical procedure to simultaneously measure trace amounts of trenbolone acetate and β-trenbolone residues in porcine muscle using HPLC-UVD and MS. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3847-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Khay S, Choi JH, Abd El-Aty AM, Mamun MIR, Park BJ, Goudah A, Shin HC, Shim JH. Dissipation behavior of lufenuron, benzoylphenylurea insecticide, in/on Chinese cabbage applied by foliar spraying under greenhouse conditions. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2008; 81:369-372. [PMID: 18592122 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Chinese cabbage has long been consumed as a staple food by the Koreans in various forms of fresh, salted, or fermented as kimchi. To fulfill the off-season demand for this crop, it has become a common practice to be cultivated under greenhouse conditions. Since pesticide residues in/on leafy vegetables have strongly concerned with food safety in the Korean society, the changes of lufenuron residues, in/on Chinese cabbage applied by foliar spraying under greenhouse conditions was investigated. Lufenuron 5% emulsifiable concentrate (EC) was sprayed with diluted solution of recommended and double doses to the crop. The shoots of the cabbage were harvested immediately after spraying, and sequentially the harvests were conveyed to analyze the residual amounts. The deposited level of the analyte in/on Chinese cabbage under greenhouse conditions seemed to be difficult to produce the crop with 0.2 ppm of maximum residue limit (MRL) of the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khay
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, 300 Yong-Bong Dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Khay S, Abd El-Aty AM, Choi JH, Shim JH. Analysis of Residual Triflumizole, an Imidazole Fungicide, in Apples, Pears and Cucumbers Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Toxicol Res 2008; 24:87-91. [PMID: 32038781 PMCID: PMC7006294 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2008.24.1.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to monitor the level of triflumizole residues in
fruits (apple and pear) and vegetable (cucumber) samples in order to assess risk
posed by the presence of such residues to the consumer. Triflumizole was applied at
a recommended dose rate to apple and pear pulps and to a cucumber sample. The
samples were collected at harvesting time following several treatments (three and/or
four treatments). Triflumizole was extracted with methanol and re-extracted into
dichloromethane. The presence of triflumizole was determined by HPLC with UV
detection at 238 nm following the cleanup of the extract by open preparative
chromatographic column with Florisil. The versatility of this method was evidenced
by its excellent linearity (> 0.999) in the concentration range between 0.2 and
4.0 mg/kg. The mean recoveries evaluated from the untreated samples spiked at two
different fortification levels, 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg, and ranged from 87.5 ± 0.0 to
93.3 ± 2.6 for the tested fruits and vegetable, respectively, and the repeatability
(as relative standard deviation) from three repetitive determinations of recoveries
were no larger than 6%. The calculated limit of detection was 0.02 mg/kg and the
minimum detectable level of 4 ng for triflumizole was easily detected. When
triflumizole was sprayed onto the apple trees three times at 50-40-30 and 40-30-21
days prior to harvesting and four times onto the pear trees at 40-30-21-14 days
prior to harvesting, the mean residual amounts of 0.05 and 0.06 mg/kg for apples and
pears, respectively, were not detected in all of the treatments. When the cucumber
sample was fumigated four times at 7, 5, 3 and 1 day prior to harvesting, the mean
residual amount was not detectable. Triflumizole can be used safely when sprayed
(wettable powder, 30% active ingredient) and fumigated (10%) 4 times at 14 and 1 day
prior to harvesting to protect the fruits and vegetable, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya Khay
- 112Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 300 Yong-Bong dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- 212Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701 Korea.,312Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
| | - Jeong-Heui Choi
- 112Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 300 Yong-Bong dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- 112Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 300 Yong-Bong dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757 Korea
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Khay S, Abd El-Aty AM, Cho SK, Choi JH, Mamun MIR, Goudah A, Shin HC, Shim JH. Development of extraction procedures for the determination of imidacloprid: application to residue analysis and dynamics of two formulations in Chinese cabbage. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:581-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cho SK, Abd El-Aty AM, Park YS, Choi JH, Khay S, Kang CA, Park BJ, Kim SJ, Shim JH. A multiresidue method for the analysis of pesticide residues in polished rice (Oryza sativa L.) using accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography and confirmation by mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2007; 21:602-9. [PMID: 17385804 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An analytical procedure using accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography with an electron capture detector has been optimized to simultaneously determine the residue of two insecticides (diazinon and EPN) and one fungicide (isoprothiolane) in polished rice and was confirmed by GC-mass spectrometry. Several parameters, including temperature, pressure, solvent ratio, cell size and cell cycle, were thoroughly investigated to find the optimal extraction conditions. The average recoveries of the three pesticides were between 82.7 and 126.4% at spiking levels of 0.1 and 0.5 ppm. The relative standard deviations were less than 7% for all of the recovery tests. The optimum accelerated solvent extraction operating conditions were 100 degrees C, 1500 atm, acetone-n-hexane (20:80 v/v) as the extraction solvent, two cycles, and a cell size of 33 ml. The total extraction time was approximately 20 min. The optimized procedure has also been applied to the determination of diazinon, isoprothiolane and EPN in real rice samples. In conclusion, accelerated solvent extraction was used for the first time for the analysis of diazinon, isoprothiolane and EPN in polished rice and offers the possibility of a fast and simple process for obtaining a quantitative extraction of the studied pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Kil Cho
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, 300 Yong-Bong Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Khay S, Abd El-Aty AM, Choi JH, Choi JT, Lim KT, Shim JH. Methomyl residue on Chinese cabbage grown under greenhouse conditions. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2006; 77:516-20. [PMID: 17123010 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-006-1094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Khay
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, 300 Yong-Bong Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Khay S, El-Aty AA, Lim KT, Shim JH. Residues of Diazinon in Growing Chinese cabbage: A study Under Greenhouse Conditions. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 2006; 25:174-179. [DOI: 10.5338/kjea.2006.25.2.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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