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Ragab OG, Mamdouh D, Bedair R, Smetanska I, Gruda NS, Yousif SKM, Omer RM, Althobaiti AT, Abd El-Raouf HS, El-Taher AM, El-Sayed AS, Eldemerdash MM. Distinguishing features of Lycium L. species (family Solanaceae) distributed in Egypt based on their anatomical, metabolic, molecular, and ecological characteristics. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1162695. [PMID: 37251766 PMCID: PMC10213676 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Among the 70-80 species of the genus Lycium (family Solanaceae) disjunctly distributed around the world, only three are frequently distributed in different locations in Egypt. Due to the morphological similarities between these three species, there is a need for alternative tools to distinguish them. Thus, the objective of this study was to revise the taxonomic features of Lycium europaeum L., Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult., and Lycium schweinfurthii var. aschersonii (Dammer) Feinbrun in consideration of their anatomical, metabolic, molecular, and ecological characteristics. In addition to analysis of their anatomical and ecological features, DNA barcoding was performed for molecular characterization through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers. Furthermore, metabolic profiling of the studied species was conducted based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The observed anatomical features of the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers, type of mesophyll, crystals, number of palisade and spongy layers, and the vascular system showed variations between the studied species. Beyond this, the anatomy of the leaves showed an isobilateral structure in the studied species, without distinct differences. Species were molecularly identified in terms of ITS sequences and SCoT markers. The ITS sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers ON149839.1, OP597546.1, and ON521125.1 for L. europaeum L., L. shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii, respectively. The sequences showed variations in GC content between the studied species; this was 63.6% in L. europaeum, 61.53% in L. shawii, and 63.55% in L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii. A total of 62 amplified fragments, including 44 polymorphic fragments with a ratio of 70.97%, were obtained in the SCoT analysis, as well as unique amplicons in L. europaeum L., shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii of 5, 11, and 4 fragments, respectively. Through GC-MS profiling, 38 compounds were identified with clear fluctuations in the extracts of each species. Of these, 23 were distinguishing chemicals that could help in chemical identification of the extracts of the studied species. The present study succeeds in identifying alternative clear and diverse characteristics that can be used to distinguish between L. europaeum, L. shawii, and L. schweinfurthii var. aschersonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama G. Ragab
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diaa Mamdouh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Weidenbach, Germany
| | - Ramadan Bedair
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iryna Smetanska
- Department of Plant Food Processing, Agricultural Faculty, University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan-Triesdorf, Weidenbach, Germany
| | - Nazim S. Gruda
- Division of Horticultural Sciences, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sawsan K. M. Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihab M. Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hany S. Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biology, University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Taher
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf S. El-Sayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Eldemerdash
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Babaousmail M, Nili MS, Brik R, Saadouni M, Yousif SKM, Omer RM, Osman NA, Alsahli AA, Ashour H, El-Taher AM. Improving the Tolerance to Salinity Stress in Lettuce Plants ( Lactuca sativa L.) Using Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid, Yeast, and Zeolite. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101538. [PMID: 36294973 PMCID: PMC9605215 DOI: 10.3390/life12101538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is among the most limiting factors of crop production worldwide. This study aims to investigate the influence of the exogenous application of zeolite, yeast, and salicylic acid in alleviating the negative effect of salt stress under field conditions. Lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Batavia) were tested in a split-plot arrangement replicated three times. The salt stress was applied as a whole-plot factor in the concentrations (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM NaCl). After 28 days of sowing, the plants were sprayed twice during the foliage growth with (control, salicylic acid 0.02%, yeast extract 3%, and zeolite 0.5%) as a split-plot factor. The length of roots and shoots, the number and area of leaves, and the biomass accumulation (dry and fresh weights) were measured 50 days after sowing. The concentrations of total soluble sugars, proline, Chlorophylls a and b in leaves have also been quantified. Salt stress significantly reduced the growth and the total chlorophyll of the lettuce plants (p < 0.05) and increased their proline and sugar contents’. Zeolite application improved the growth of lettuce at 0 and 50 mM NaCl, but at the highest salinity level only the number of leaves was improved by 15%. At a mild salinity stress, the application of salicylic acid has significantly (p < 0.05) increased the root length, height of plant, chlorophyll, and proline contents. Regarding the high stress levels (100 and 150 mM NaCl), yeast application showed the best tolerance to salinity stress by improving significantly most of the growth parameters (p < 0.05) but with lower proline, sugar, and chlorophyll contents. In general, foliar spray of yeast extract may offer a good alternative source of nutrients through leaves, leading to a better tolerance of the high salt stress exerted on roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoud Babaousmail
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Mohammed S. Nili
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biotechnology Applications in Agriculture, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Rania Brik
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Saadouni
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Sawsan K. M. Yousif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah 65528, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rihab M. Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah 65528, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid A. Osman
- Department of Science and Technology, Ranya Collage, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Alsahli
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem Ashour
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (H.A.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Taher
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 71524, Egypt
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