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Gutiérrez-Vega S, Armella A, Mennickent D, Loyola M, Covarrubias A, Ortega-Contreras B, Escudero C, Gonzalez M, Alcalá M, Ramos MDP, Viana M, Castro E, Leiva A, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E. High levels of maternal total tri-iodothyronine, and low levels of fetal free L-thyroxine and total tri-iodothyronine, are associated with altered deiodinase expression and activity in placenta with gestational diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242743. [PMID: 33232364 PMCID: PMC7685482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is characterized by abnormal maternal D-glucose metabolism and altered insulin signaling. Dysregulation of thyroid hormones (TH) tri-iodethyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine (T4) Hormones had been associated with GDM, but the physiopathological meaning of these alterations is still unclear. Maternal TH cross the placenta through TH Transporters and their Deiodinases metabolize them to regulate fetal TH levels. Currently, the metabolism of TH in placentas with GDM is unknown, and there are no other studies that evaluate the fetal TH from pregnancies with GDM. Therefore, we evaluated the levels of maternal TH during pregnancy, and fetal TH at delivery, and the expression and activity of placental deiodinases from GDM pregnancies. Pregnant women were followed through pregnancy until delivery. We collected blood samples during 10-14, 24-28, and 36-40 weeks of gestation for measure Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Free T4 (FT4), Total T4 (TT4), and Total T3 (TT3) concentrations from Normal Glucose Tolerance (NGT) and GDM mothers. Moreover, we measure fetal TSH, FT4, TT4, and TT3 in total blood cord at the delivery. Also, we measured the placental expression of Deiodinases by RT-PCR, western-blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The activity of Deiodinases was estimated quantified rT3 and T3 using T4 as a substrate. Mothers with GDM showed higher levels of TT3 during all pregnancy, and an increased in TSH during second and third trimester, while lower concentrations of neonatal TT4, FT4, and TT3; and an increased TSH level in umbilical cord blood from GDM. Placentae from GDM mothers have a higher expression and activity of Deiodinase 3, but lower Deiodinase 2, than NGT mothers. In conclusion, GDM favors high levels of TT3 during all gestation in the mother, low levels in TT4, FT4 and TT3 at the delivery in neonates, and increases deiodinase 3, but reduce deiodinase 2 expression and activity in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Gutiérrez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Chile
| | - Axel Armella
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniela Mennickent
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marco Loyola
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Chile
| | - Ambart Covarrubias
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chillán, Chile
| | - Bernel Ortega-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chillán, Chile
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | - Marcelo Gonzalez
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chillán, Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Martín Alcalá
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra, Boadilla Km 5, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Pilar Ramos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra, Boadilla Km 5, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Ctra, Boadilla Km 5, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Erica Castro
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Puericultura, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Atacama, Atacama, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Chile
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chillán, Chile
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Araya J, Rodriguez A, Lagos-SanMartin K, Mennickent D, Gutiérrez-Vega S, Ortega-Contreras B, Valderrama-Gutiérrez B, Gonzalez M, Farías-Jofré M, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E. Maternal thyroid profile in first and second trimester of pregnancy is correlated with gestational diabetes mellitus through machine learning. Placenta 2020; 103:82-85. [PMID: 33099203 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence about a possible relationship between thyroid abnormalities and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, there is still no conclusive data on this dependence, since no strong correlation has been proved. In this work, we used machine learning to determine whether there is a correlation between maternal thyroid profile in first and second trimester of pregnancy and GDM. Using principal component analysis, it was possible to find an evident correlation between both, which could be used as a complement for a more sensitive GDM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Araya
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Andrés Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Celular y Dinámica Vascular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bio, Chile; Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chile
| | - Karin Lagos-SanMartin
- Laboratorio de Comunicación Celular y Dinámica Vascular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bio, Chile
| | - Daniela Mennickent
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Sebastián Gutiérrez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile; Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile
| | - Bernel Ortega-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Marcelo Gonzalez
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chile; Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías-Jofré
- Departamento de Obstetricia, División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS-Health), Chile; Laboratorio de Patologías del Embarazo, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
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