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Godeau AL, Leoni M, Comelles J, Guyomar T, Lieb M, Delanoë-Ayari H, Ott A, Harlepp S, Sens P, Riveline D. 3D single cell migration driven by temporal correlation between oscillating force dipoles. eLife 2022; 11:71032. [PMID: 35899947 PMCID: PMC9395190 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional cell locomotion requires symmetry breaking between the front and rear of the cell. In some cells, symmetry breaking manifests itself in a directional flow of actin from the front to the rear of the cell. Many cells, especially in physiological 3D matrices do not show such coherent actin dynamics and present seemingly competing protrusion/retraction dynamics at their front and back. How symmetry breaking manifests itself for such cells is therefore elusive. We take inspiration from the scallop theorem proposed by Purcell for micro-swimmers in Newtonian fluids: self-propelled objects undergoing persistent motion at low Reynolds number must follow a cycle of shape changes that breaks temporal symmetry. We report similar observations for cells crawling in 3D. We quantified cell motion using a combination of 3D live cell imaging, visualization of the matrix displacement and a minimal model with multipolar expansion. We show that our cells embedded in a 3D matrix form myosin-driven force dipoles at both sides of the nucleus, that locally and periodically pinch the matrix. The existence of a phase shift between the two dipoles is required for directed cell motion which manifests itself as cycles with finite area in the dipole-quadrupole diagram, a formal equivalence to the Purcell cycle. We confirm this mechanism by triggering local dipolar contractions with a laser. This leads to directed motion. Our study reveals that these cells control their motility by synchronizing dipolar forces distributed at front and back. This result opens new strategies to externally control cell motion as well as for the design of micro-crawlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Luise Godeau
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Jordi Comelles
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Tristan Guyomar
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Michele Lieb
- Laboratory of Cell Physics, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Hélène Delanoë-Ayari
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5306, LyonVilleurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Albrecht Ott
- Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sebastien Harlepp
- INSERM UMR S1109, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Sens
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Riveline
- Development and stem cells, University of Strasbourg, CNRS, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
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Fiegel V, Harlepp S, Begin-Colin S, Begin D, Mertz D. Design of Protein-Coated Carbon Nanotubes Loaded with Hydrophobic Drugs through Sacrificial Templating of Mesoporous Silica Shells. Chemistry 2018; 24:4662-4670. [PMID: 29369435 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
One key challenge in the fields of nanomedicine and tissue engineering is the design of theranostic nanoplatforms able to monitor their therapeutic effect by imaging. Among current developed nano-objects, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were found suitable to combine imaging, photothermal therapy, and to be loaded with hydrophobic drugs. However, a main problem is their resulting low hydrophilicity. To face this problem, an innovative method is developed here, which consists in loading the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with drugs followed by a protein coating around them. The originality of this method relies on first covering CNTs with a sacrificial template mesoporous silica (MS) shell grafted with isobutyramide (IBAM) binders on which a protein nanofilm is strongly adhered through IBAM-mediated physical cross-linking. This concept is first demonstrated without drugs, and is further improved with the suitable loading of hydrophobic drugs, curcumin (CUR) and camptothecin (CPT), which are retained between the CNTs and human serum albumin (HSA) layer. Such novel nanocomposites with favorable photothermal properties are very promising for theranostic systems, drug delivery, and phototherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fiegel
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 34, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France.,Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la, Santé (ICPEES), UMR-7515, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Sebastien Harlepp
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 34, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Sylvie Begin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 34, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Dominique Begin
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie, l'Environnement et la, Santé (ICPEES), UMR-7515, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, Cedex 2, France
| | - Damien Mertz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, BP 34, 67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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Klajner M, Licona C, Fetzer L, Hebraud P, Mellitzer G, Pfeffer M, Harlepp S, Gaiddon C. Subcellular localization and transport kinetics of ruthenium organometallic anticancer compounds in living cells: a dose-dependent role for amino acid and iron transporters. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:5150-8. [PMID: 24786362 DOI: 10.1021/ic500250e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium-based compounds are developed for anticancer treatment, but their mode of action including their import mechanism and subcellular localization remains elusive. Here, we used the intrinsic luminescent properties of cytotoxic organoruthenium (Ru(II)) compounds obtained with an anionic cyclometalated 2-phenylpyridine chelate and neutral aromatic chelating ligands (e.g., phenanthrolines) to follow their behavior in living cells. We established that the difference in sensitivity between cancer cells and noncancerous cells toward one of the compounds correlates with its import kinetics and follows a balance between active and passive transport. The active-transport mechanism involves iron and amino-acid transporters, which are transcriptionally regulated by the drug. We also demonstrated a correlation between the accumulation of these compounds in specific compartments (endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, mitochondria) and the activation of specific cytotoxic mechanisms such as the mitochondrial stress pathway. Our study pinpoints a novel and complex mechanism of accumulation of ruthenium drugs in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Klajner
- UMR7504, I.P.C.M.S. , 23 rue du Loess, 67200, Strasbourg, France
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Anton H, Harlepp S, Ramspacher C, Wu D, Monduc F, Bhat S, Liebling M, Paoletti C, Charvin G, Freund JB, Vermot J. Pulse propagation by a capacitive mechanism drives embryonic blood flow. Development 2013; 140:4426-34. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.096768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulsatile flow is a universal feature of the blood circulatory system in vertebrates and can lead to diseases when abnormal. In the embryo, blood flow forces stimulate vessel remodeling and stem cell proliferation. At these early stages, when vessels lack muscle cells, the heart is valveless and the Reynolds number (Re) is low, few details are available regarding the mechanisms controlling pulses propagation in the developing vascular network. Making use of the recent advances in optical-tweezing flow probing approaches, fast imaging and elastic-network viscous flow modeling, we investigated the blood-flow mechanics in the zebrafish main artery and show how it modifies the heart pumping input to the network. The movement of blood cells in the embryonic artery suggests that elasticity of the network is an essential factor mediating the flow. Based on these observations, we propose a model for embryonic blood flow where arteries act like a capacitor in a way that reduces heart effort. These results demonstrate that biomechanics is key in controlling early flow propagation and argue that intravascular elasticity has a role in determining embryonic vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Anton
- Institut de Génétique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Sebastien Harlepp
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Caroline Ramspacher
- Institut de Génétique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Dave Wu
- Institut de Génétique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Fabien Monduc
- Institut de Génétique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Sandeep Bhat
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Michael Liebling
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Camille Paoletti
- Institut de Génétique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Gilles Charvin
- Institut de Génétique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404 Illkirch, France
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelina Klajner
- I.P.C.M.S., UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg, France, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland, Institut de Chimie, C.N.R.S., UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, Synthèses Métallo-Induites, France, and INSERM U692-Université de Strasbourg, Signalisations Moléculaires et Neurodégénérescence, France
| | - Pascal Hebraud
- I.P.C.M.S., UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg, France, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland, Institut de Chimie, C.N.R.S., UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, Synthèses Métallo-Induites, France, and INSERM U692-Université de Strasbourg, Signalisations Moléculaires et Neurodégénérescence, France
| | - Claude Sirlin
- I.P.C.M.S., UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg, France, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland, Institut de Chimie, C.N.R.S., UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, Synthèses Métallo-Induites, France, and INSERM U692-Université de Strasbourg, Signalisations Moléculaires et Neurodégénérescence, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- I.P.C.M.S., UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg, France, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland, Institut de Chimie, C.N.R.S., UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, Synthèses Métallo-Induites, France, and INSERM U692-Université de Strasbourg, Signalisations Moléculaires et Neurodégénérescence, France
| | - Sebastien Harlepp
- I.P.C.M.S., UMR7504, Université de Strasbourg, France, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland, Institut de Chimie, C.N.R.S., UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, Synthèses Métallo-Induites, France, and INSERM U692-Université de Strasbourg, Signalisations Moléculaires et Neurodégénérescence, France
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Abstract
RNA co-transcriptional folding has long been suspected to play an active role in helping proper native folding of ribozymes and structured regulatory motifs in mRNA untranslated regions (UTRs). Yet, the underlying mechanisms and coding requirements for efficient co-transcriptional folding remain unclear. Traditional approaches have intrinsic limitations to dissect RNA folding paths, as they rely on sequence mutations or circular permutations that typically perturb both RNA folding paths and equilibrium structures. Here, we show that exploiting sequence symmetries instead of mutations can circumvent this problem by essentially decoupling folding paths from equilibrium structures of designed RNA sequences. Using bistable RNA switches with symmetrical helices conserved under sequence reversal, we demonstrate experimentally that native and transiently formed helices can guide efficient co-transcriptional folding into either long-lived structure of these RNA switches. Their folding path is controlled by the order of helix nucleations and subsequent exchanges during transcription, and may also be redirected by transient antisense interactions. Hence, transient intra- and inter-molecular base pair interactions can effectively regulate the folding of nascent RNA molecules into different native structures, provided limited coding requirements, as discussed from an information theory perspective. This constitutive coupling between RNA synthesis and RNA folding regulation may have enabled the early emergence of autonomous RNA-based regulation networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Xayaphoummine
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Fluides Complexes, CNRS-ULP, Institut de Physique3 rue de l'Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - V. Viasnoff
- RNA Dynamics and Biomolecular Systems, Physico-chimie CurieCNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Section de Recherche, 11 rue P. & M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S. Harlepp
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Fluides Complexes, CNRS-ULP, Institut de Physique3 rue de l'Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - H. Isambert
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Fluides Complexes, CNRS-ULP, Institut de Physique3 rue de l'Université, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- RNA Dynamics and Biomolecular Systems, Physico-chimie CurieCNRS UMR168, Institut Curie, Section de Recherche, 11 rue P. & M. Curie, 75005 Paris, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 1 42 34 64 74;
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Abstract
A primitive example of adaptation in gene expression is the balance between the rate of synthesis and degradation of cellular RNA, which allows rapid responses to environmental signals. Here, we investigate how multidrug efflux pump systems mediate the dynamics of a simple drug-inducible system in response to a steady level of inducer. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we measured in real time within a single bacterium the transcription activity at the RNA level of the acrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump system. When cells are exposed to constant level of anhydrotetracycline inducer and are adsorbed onto a poly-L-lysine-coated surface, we found that the acrAB-TolC promoter is steadily active. We also monitored the activity of the tet promoter to characterize the effect of this efflux system on the dynamics of drug-inducible transcription. We found that the transcriptional response of the tet promoter to a steady level of aTc rises and then falls back to its preinduction level. The rate of RNA degradation was constant throughout the transcriptional pulse, indicating that the modulation of intracellular inducer concentration alone can produce this pulsating response. Single-cell experiments together with numerical simulations suggest that such pulsating response in drug-inducible genetic systems is a property emerging from the dependence of drug-inducible transcription on multidrug efflux systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuc T Le
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Harlepp S, Marchal T, Robert J, Léger JF, Xayaphoummine A, Isambert H, Chatenay D. Probing complex RNA structures by mechanical force. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2003; 12:605-15. [PMID: 15007758 DOI: 10.1140/epje/e2004-00033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA secondary structures of increasing complexity are probed combining single molecule stretching experiments and stochastic unfolding/refolding simulations. We find that force-induced unfolding pathways cannot usually be interpreted by solely invoking successive openings of native helices. Indeed, typical force-extension responses of complex RNA molecules are largely shaped by stretching-induced, long-lived intermediates including non-native helices. This is first shown for a set of generic structural motifs found in larger RNA structures, and then for Escherichia coli's 1540-base long 16S ribosomal RNA, which exhibits a surprisingly well-structured and reproducible unfolding pathway under mechanical stretching. Using out-of-equilibrium stochastic simulations, we demonstrate that these experimental results reflect the slow relaxation of RNA structural rearrangements. Hence, micromanipulations of single RNA molecules probe both their native structures and long-lived intermediates, so-called "kinetic traps", thereby capturing -at the single molecular level- the hallmark of RNA folding/unfolding dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harlepp
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Fluides Complexes, CNRS-ULP, Institut de Physique, 3 rue de l'Université, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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Helfer E, Harlepp S, Bourdieu L, Robert J, MacKintosh FC, Chatenay D. Buckling of actin-coated membranes under application of a local force. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:088103. [PMID: 11497985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.088103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of composite membranes obtained by self-assembly of actin filaments with giant fluid vesicles are studied by micromanipulation with optical tweezers. These complexes exhibit typical mechanical features of a solid shell, including a finite in-plane shear elastic modulus ( approximately 10(-6) N/m). A buckling instability is observed when a localized force of the order of 0.5 pN is applied perpendicular to the membrane plane. Although predicted for polymerized vesicles, this is the first evidence of such an instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Helfer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Fluides Complexes, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 7506, Strasbourg, France
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Helfer E, Harlepp S, Bourdieu L, Robert J, MacKintosh FC, Chatenay D. Viscoelastic properties of actin-coated membranes. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 63:021904. [PMID: 11308515 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.63.021904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In living cells, cytoskeletal filaments interact with the plasma membrane to form structures that play a key role in cell shape and mechanical properties. To study the interaction between these basic components, we designed an in vitro self-assembled network of actin filaments attached to the outer surface of giant unilamellar vesicles. Optical tweezers and single-particle tracking experiments are used to study the rich dynamics of these actin-coated membranes (ACM). We show that microrheology studies can be carried out on such an individual microscopic object. The principle of the experiment consists in measuring the thermally excited position fluctuations of a probe bead attached biochemically to the membrane. We propose a model that relates the power spectrum of these thermal fluctuations to the viscoelastic properties of the membrane. The presence of the actin network modifies strongly the membrane dynamics with respect to a fluid, lipid bilayer one. It induces first a finite (omega=0) two-dimensional (2D) shear modulus G(0)(2D) approximately 0.5 to 5 microN/m in the membrane plane. Moreover, the frequency dependence at high frequency of the shear modulus [G(')(2D)(f ) approximately f(0.85+/-0.07)] and of the bending modulus (kappa(ACM)(f) approximately f(0.55+/-0.21)) demonstrate the viscoelastic behavior of the composite membrane. These results are consistent with a common exponent of 0.75 for both moduli as expected from our model and from prior measurements on actin solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Helfer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Fluides Complexes, U.M.R. 7506, 3 rue de l'Université, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Helfer E, Harlepp S, Bourdieu L, Robert J, MacKintosh FC, Chatenay D. Microrheology of biopolymer-membrane complexes. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:457-460. [PMID: 10991307 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We create tailored microstructures, consisting of complexes of lipid membranes with self-assembled biopolymer shells, to study the fundamental properties and interactions of these basic components of living cells. We measure the mechanical response of these artificial structures at the micrometer scale, using optical tweezers and single-particle tracking. These systems exhibit rich dynamics that illustrate the viscoelastic character of the quasi-two-dimensional biopolymer network. We present a theoretical model relating the rheological properties of these membranes to the observed dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Helfer
- Laboratoire de Dynamique des Fluides Complexes, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 7506, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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