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Arumugam S, Perumal S, Raman SA, Ayyadurai P, Nimishaanth SS, Thiagarajan KA. Lumbar Spine Injury in Indian Fast Bowlers: 3D Biomechanical Analysis and Prevention Strategies. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:1600-1604. [PMID: 37766957 PMCID: PMC10519895 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-00928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Lumbar spine injuries are among the most common overuse injuries in a fast bowler. Among various causative factors, bowling action technique is a crucial one. Three-dimensional motion analysis has been accepted as a gold standard tool to identify incorrect techniques. Previous studies have identified key biomechanical variables associated with lumbar injury risk in fast bowlers. Despite the large popularity of the sport, there is limited information available on the subject in Indian fast bowlers. This study aims to analyse the lumbar spine injury risk in Indian fast bowlers with respect to key biomechanical variables, using 3D motion analysis. Methods Forty-seven male first class fast bowlers underwent 3D motion analysis in an indoor biomechanics laboratory. Motion capture was done with 3D cameras and 2D video cameras, using a standard marker set. Data processing and analysis was done using proprietary software. Biomechanical variables associated with lumbar spine injury risk including lateral trunk flexion (LTF) and knee angle at front foot contact (KA at FFC) were measured, and peak vertical ground reaction forces (pVGRF) were simultaneously recorded using force plates. Descriptive analysis of the data was done. Results 26% of bowlers had a high LTF, 29% had low KA at FFC and 43% had high pVGRF. Thus, a large proportion of bowlers in this study were at risk of lumbar spine injury with respect to the assessed variables. Conclusion This highlights the role of 3D motion analysis in early identification of injurious techniques, which can be modified by coaching and training interventions to prevent injuries. This study thus has implications on coaching and training of fast bowlers in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Arumugam
- Department of Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Centre for Sports Science, Chennai, India
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116 India
| | - Suresh Perumal
- Department of Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Centre for Sports Science, Chennai, India
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116 India
| | - Sai Aditya Raman
- Department of Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Centre for Sports Science, Chennai, India
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116 India
| | - Prakash Ayyadurai
- Department of Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Centre for Sports Science, Chennai, India
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116 India
| | - S. S. Nimishaanth
- Department of Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Centre for Sports Science, Chennai, India
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116 India
| | - K. A. Thiagarajan
- Department of Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Centre for Sports Science, Chennai, India
- Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116 India
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Perry S, Arumugam S, Beeby S, Nandhakumar I. Template-free nanostructured poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) films via single pulse-nucleated electrodeposition. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Lalitha P, Arumugam S, Sinthiya A, Nivetha C, Muthuselvam M. Oxalic acid incorporated acetamide single crystal growth dynamics, characterization, NLO and antimicrobial activities via shock wave treatment. Results in Chemistry 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Sivakumar A, Dhas SSJ, Sivaprakash P, Prabhu S, Moovendaran K, Murugeswari A, Arumugam S, Dhas SMB. Shock Wave Induced Conformational Phase Transition of L-Leucine. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sivakumar A, Dhas SJ, Sivaprakash P, Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Perumal K, Arumugam S, Dhas SB. Shock wave induced reversible phase transition from crystalline to semi-crystalline states of lithium sulfate monohydrate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Arumugam S, Baker A, Sioftanos G. Implementing a Self-directed Casebook to Improve Registrar Confidence and Experience in Delivering Palliative Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Easwaran R, Khan M, Sancheti P, Shyam A, Bhandari M, Ranawat AS, Thakkar S, Parikh S, Musahl V, Joglekar S, J Deshmukh A, Plancher K, Verma N, McAllister D, Verdonk P, Lustig S, Chandrateya A, Smigleiski R, Solayar G, Chernchujit B, Yung P, Budhiparama N, Hoshino Y, White N, Parker D, Clatworthy M, Brown C, Manzary M, Rajan D, Narvekar A, Tapasvi S, Pardiwala D, Panigrahi R, Arumugam S, Kapoor V, Mody B, Maheshwari J, Dahiya V, Joseph C, Laddha M, Rajgopal A. Prophylaxis for preventing venous thromboembolism in knee arthroscopy and soft tissue reconstruction: consensus statements from an international panel of experts. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:3634-3643. [PMID: 35435469 PMCID: PMC9013735 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-022-06973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a lack of consensus regarding need for Venous Thrombo Embolism (VTE) prophylaxis following arthroscopic knee surgery and open soft tissue knee reconstruction. Clear cut guidelines like ones for trauma surgery and arthroplasty do not exist and the published literature is limited to case reports with a few society guidelines. Given this lack of consensus, we conducted a modified Delphi questionnaire of international experts to provide recommendations on this topic. METHODS The consensus statements were generated using an anonymised 3 round modified Delphi questionnaire, sent to an international panel of 38 knee surgeons, with an 80% agreement being set as the limit for consensus. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics with measures like mode, median and box plots. Feedback was provided to all panelists based on responses from the previous rounds to help generate the consensus. RESULTS Six consensus statements were generated after the three rounds of Delphi. Patient factors, prolonged surgery duration and family history of thrombogenic events emerged as the main points to be taken into consideration for prophylaxis. CONCLUSION It was established through this study, that there exists a select group of patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery that justify the usage of VTE prophylaxis. The expert responses to most of the questions in different scenarios favoured usage of VTE prophylaxis based on patient factors like advanced age, past history of VTE, smoking, oral contraceptive use etc. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Easwaran
- Shree Meenakshi Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Clinic, B H 41 East, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi, 110088, India.
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Injuries, Max Super-Speciality Hospital Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi, India.
| | - Moin Khan
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Parag Sancheti
- Sancheti Institute for Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation and PG College, Pune, India
| | - Ashok Shyam
- Sancheti Institute for Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Pune, India
| | - Mohit Bhandari
- Chair, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Anil S Ranawat
- Knee Division of SMI, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, USA
| | - Savyasachi Thakkar
- Johns Hopkins Orthopaedics, Hip and Knee Reconstruction Surgery, Columbia, USA
| | - Shital Parikh
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Volker Musahl
- UPMC Freddie Fu Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Siddharth Joglekar
- Orthopedic Service, VA Central California Health Care System, Fresno, CA, USA
- UCSF Fresno Orthopedic Residency Program, Fresno, USA
| | | | - Kevin Plancher
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
- Orthopaedic Foundation, Stamford, CT, USA
- Plancher Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Nikhil Verma
- Division of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Fellowship, Rush University Medical Center, Midwest Orthopedics at Rush, Chicago, USA
| | - David McAllister
- Sports Medicine Service, Vice Chair of Academic Affairs, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- UCLA Department of Athletics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter Verdonk
- Orthopaedic Center Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Lustig
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sport Medicine, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Amit Chandrateya
- Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Bridgend, UK
| | - Robert Smigleiski
- Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Department at LIFE Institute, LIFE Institute Biological Treatment Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gandhi Solayar
- Orthopaedic Specialist Centre, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bancha Chernchujit
- Department of Orthopedics, Thammasat University Hospital, Khlong Nueng, Thailand
| | - Patrick Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicolaas Budhiparama
- School of Vocational Studies and Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, University of Airlangga, Jl. Mayjend. Prof. Dr. Moestopo, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Nicolaas Institute of Constructive Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation for Arthroplasty and Sports Medicine, Medistra Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yuichi Hoshino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - David Parker
- Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute, Chatswood, Australia
| | | | - Charlie Brown
- International Knee and Joint Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mojieb Manzary
- Orthopedic Services, Johns Hopkins Aramco Health Care Center, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Orthopedics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Rajan
- Ortho One-Orthopaedic Speciality Centre, Coimbatore, India
| | - Abhay Narvekar
- P D Hinduja Hospitals Mumbai, Global Hospital Parel, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Dinshaw Pardiwala
- Arthroscopy Service, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Ranjit Panigrahi
- PG Dept of Orthopaedics, Hitech Medical College and Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Kalinga Super Speciality Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - S Arumugam
- Centre for Sports Science, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Vikash Kapoor
- Medica Superspeciality Hospital, Medica Hospitals, Kolkata, India
| | - Bharat Mody
- Welcare Hospital, Atladra-Vadsar Ring Road, Atladra, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Jitender Maheshwari
- Knee and Shoulder Service, Department of Orthopaedics, Sitaram Bharatiya Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Dahiya
- Adult Reconstruction Lower Limb, Institute of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Orthopaedics, Medanta, Gurugram, India
| | - Clement Joseph
- Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Asian Joint Reconstruction Institute, SIMS, Chennai, India
| | | | - Ashok Rajgopal
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Diseases and Orthopaedics, Medanta Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Sivakumar A, Kalaiarasi S, Sahaya Jude Dhas S, Sivaprakash P, Arumugam S, Jose M, Martin Britto Dhas SA. Comparative Assessment of Crystallographic Phase Stability of Anatase and Rutile TiO2 at Dynamic Shock Wave Loaded Conditions. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Sivakumar A, Sahaya Jude Dhas S, Sivaprakash P, Almansour AI, Suresh Kumar R, Arumugam N, Perumal K, Arumugam S, Martin Britto Dhas SA. Raman Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Measurements of Dynamic Shocked MnFe2O4 Nano-crystalline Materials. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Govindarajan R, Ramamoorthy G, Shanmugam RM, Bavanandam S, Murugesan M, Shanmugam C, Arumugam A, Chellamuthu VP, Venkatraj RK, Sampathkumar K, Rejoice P, Kumar KA, Adamali S, Mariappan K, Rathnavel R, Manivasagam VSC, Velusamy A, Arumugam S, Elikkottil TT, Dev AV, Sen M, Palaniappan A, Dorairaj AJ, Kedarisetty CK, Venkataraman J, Karthikeyan M, Somasundaram A, Ramakrishnan A, Madesh VP, Varghese J, Anupa DK, Leelakrishnan V, Swaminathan M, Kantamaneni R, Dhus JU, Murugan N, Natarajan K, Selvi C, Saithanyamurthi HV, Nadaraj A, Jeyaseelan L, Eapen CE. Rodenticide ingestion is an important cause of acute hepatotoxicity in Tamil Nadu, southern India. Indian J Gastroenterol 2021; 40:373-379. [PMID: 34189713 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-021-01178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Though rodenticidal hepatotoxicity is reported from India, there is no systematic study to assess its magnitude. This study aimed to assess exposure to rodenticide as a risk factor for acute hepatotoxicity in Tamil Nadu, India. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed acute hepatotoxicity caused by ingestion of hepatotoxin or potentially hepatotoxic drug overdose across 15 hospitals in 6 districts of Tamil Nadu from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2019. Study exclusion criteria were idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury and chronic liver diseases. RESULTS Of the 702 patients, 685 gave history of consuming rodenticide; hepatotoxicity in the other patients resulted from paracetamol overdose (n=10) and due to other drugs (n=7); 97% patients had a suicidal intent. Of 671 patients with complete data, ratio of number of patients with hepatotoxicity due to rodenticide to paracetamol overdose was 450:6 (i.e. 75:1). The 451 rodenticidal hepatotoxicity patients (255 males, 75% were 15-34 years old) underwent conservative management (n=396), plasma exchange (n=54) and plasma exchange followed by liver transplant (n=1); 159 patients (35%) had poor outcome (131 died, 28 discharged in moribund state). Based on our observations, we estimate a case burden of 1584 rodenticidal hepatotoxicity patients (95% CI: 265-6119) with poor outcome in 554 patients in Tamil Nadu from January 2019 to June 2019. Population attributable risk for rodenticide as cause of hepatotoxicity was 22.7%. CONCLUSION Rodenticide ingestion was an important cause of acute hepatotoxicity in Tamil Nadu. Most patients were young and one-third had poor outcome. Public health interventions are needed to address this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Govindarajan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, 613 004, India
| | - Ganesan Ramamoorthy
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur, 613 004, India
| | | | - Sumathi Bavanandam
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, 600 001, India
| | - Manimaran Murugesan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, 600 001, India
| | - Chitra Shanmugam
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Stanley Medical College, Chennai, 600 001, India
| | - Aravind Arumugam
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, 600 010, India.,Department of Digestive Health and Diseases, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, 600 010, India
| | - Vaishnavi Priyaa Chellamuthu
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, 600 010, India.,Department of Digestive Health and Diseases, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, 600 010, India
| | | | - Kavitha Sampathkumar
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, 600 010, India.,Department of Digestive Health and Diseases, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, 600 010, India
| | - Poppy Rejoice
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli, 627 011, India
| | - Kandasamy Alias Kumar
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli, 627 011, India
| | - Shafique Adamali
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli, 627 011, India
| | - Kannan Mariappan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, 625 020, India
| | - Ramani Rathnavel
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, 625 020, India
| | | | - Arulselvan Velusamy
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Medical College, Coimbatore, 641 018, India
| | - Senthilvadivu Arumugam
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Medical College, Coimbatore, 641 018, India
| | - Thasneem Taj Elikkottil
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Medical College, Coimbatore, 641 018, India
| | - Anand Vimal Dev
- Department of Hepatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632 004, India
| | - Mousumi Sen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632 004, India
| | - Alagammai Palaniappan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, 625 107, India
| | - Allwin James Dorairaj
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Centre, Madurai, 625 107, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Kedarisetty
- Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Jayanthi Venkataraman
- Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Mugilan Karthikeyan
- Department of Hepatology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Aravindh Somasundaram
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kovai Medical Center Hospital, Coimbatore, 641 014, India
| | - Arulraj Ramakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kovai Medical Center Hospital, Coimbatore, 641 014, India
| | - Vijaya Prakash Madesh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kovai Medical Center Hospital, Coimbatore, 641 014, India
| | - Joy Varghese
- Department of Hepatology and Transplant Hepatology, Gleneagles Global Health City Hospital, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Dheeraj Kumar Anupa
- Department of Hepatology and Transplant Hepatology, Gleneagles Global Health City Hospital, Chennai, 600 100, India
| | - Venkatakrishnan Leelakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, 641 004, India
| | - Mukundan Swaminathan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, 641 004, India
| | - Ravindra Kantamaneni
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, 641 004, India
| | - Jeyaraj Ubal Dhus
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, 600 006, India
| | - Natarajan Murugan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, 600 006, India
| | - Kartik Natarajan
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, 600 006, India
| | - Caroline Selvi
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Government Royapettah Hospital, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, 600 010, India
| | | | - Ambily Nadaraj
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632 004, India
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Leyden F, Uthishtran S, Moorthi UK, York HM, Patil A, Gandhi H, Petrov EP, Bornschlögl T, Arumugam S. Rac1 activation can generate untemplated, lamellar membrane ruffles. BMC Biol 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33849538 PMCID: PMC8042924 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane protrusions that occur on the dorsal surface of a cell are an excellent experimental system to study actin machinery at work in a living cell. Small GTPase Rac1 controls the membrane protrusions that form and encapsulate extracellular volumes to perform pinocytic or phagocytic functions. RESULTS Here, capitalizing on rapid volumetric imaging capabilities of lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM), we describe optogenetic approaches using photoactivable Rac1 (PA-Rac1) for controlled ruffle generation. We demonstrate that PA-Rac1 activation needs to be continuous, suggesting a threshold local concentration for sustained actin polymerization leading to ruffling. We show that Rac1 activation leads to actin assembly at the dorsal surface of the cell membrane that result in sheet-like protrusion formation without any requirement of a template. Further, this approach can be used to study the complex morpho-dynamics of the protrusions or to investigate specific proteins that may be enriched in the ruffles. Deactivating PA-Rac1 leads to complex contractile processes resulting in formation of macropinosomes. Using multicolour imaging in combination with these approaches, we find that Myo1e specifically is enriched in the ruffles. CONCLUSIONS Combining LLSM and optogenetics enables superior spatial and temporal control for studying such dynamic mechanisms. Demonstrated here, the techniques implemented provide insight into the complex nature of the molecular interplay involved in dynamic actin machinery, revealing that Rac1 activation can generate untemplated, lamellar protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leyden
- Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Uthishtran
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - U K Moorthi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - H M York
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - A Patil
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - H Gandhi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - E P Petrov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Bornschlögl
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - S Arumugam
- Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
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York HM, Patil A, Moorthi UK, Kaur A, Bhowmik A, Hyde GJ, Gandhi H, Fulcher A, Gaus K, Arumugam S. Rapid whole cell imaging reveals a calcium-APPL1-dynein nexus that regulates cohort trafficking of stimulated EGF receptors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:224. [PMID: 33597720 PMCID: PMC7889693 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal system provides rich signal processing capabilities for responses elicited by growth factor receptors and their ligands. At the single cell level, endosomal trafficking becomes a critical component of signal processing, as exemplified by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Activated EGFRs are trafficked to the phosphatase-enriched peri-nuclear region (PNR), where they are dephosphorylated and degraded. The details of the mechanisms that govern the movements of stimulated EGFRs towards the PNR, are not completely known. Here, exploiting the advantages of lattice light-sheet microscopy, we show that EGFR activation by EGF triggers a transient calcium increase causing a whole-cell level redistribution of Adaptor Protein, Phosphotyrosine Interacting with PH Domain And Leucine Zipper 1 (APPL1) from pre-existing endosomes within one minute, the rebinding of liberated APPL1 directly to EGFR, and the dynein-dependent translocation of APPL1-EGF-bearing endosomes to the PNR within ten minutes. The cell spanning, fast acting network that we reveal integrates a cascade of events dedicated to the cohort movement of activated EGF receptors. Our findings support the intriguing proposal that certain endosomal pathways have shed some of the stochastic strategies of traditional trafficking and have evolved processes that provide the temporal predictability that typify canonical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. York
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Patil
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - U. K. Moorthi
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Kaur
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Bhowmik
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - H. Gandhi
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Fulcher
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Micro Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - K. Gaus
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Arumugam
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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Sivakumar A, Sahaya Jude Dhas S, Sivaprakash P, Almansour AI, Kumar RS, Arumugam N, Arumugam S, Martin Britto Dhas SA. The switchable phase transition of sodium sulfate crystals activated by shock waves. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02974f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A shock-wave-induced reversible phase-transformation from phase-V to phase-III of Na2SO4 is achieved, and the results are evidenced via XRD and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sivakumar
- Shock Wave Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Abdul Kalam Research Center, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur, Tamil Nadu, 635 601, India
| | - S. Sahaya Jude Dhas
- Department of Physics, Kings Engineering College, Sriperumbudur, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602 117, India
| | - P. Sivaprakash
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India
| | - Abdulrahman I. Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natarajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Arumugam
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India
| | - S. A. Martin Britto Dhas
- Shock Wave Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Abdul Kalam Research Center, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur, Tamil Nadu, 635 601, India
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Sivakumar A, Saranraj A, Dhas SSJ, Sivaprakash P, Arumugam S, Dhas SAMB. Spectroscopic assessment on the stability of benzophenone crystals at shock waves loaded condition. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 242:118725. [PMID: 32736220 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been few thousands of non-linear optical (NLO) materials proposed for a wide array of technological applications. But unfortunately, most of the materials do not fit into the actual standard required for the specific purposes in terms of their efficiency, environmental resistance, cost effectiveness, availability, stability and durability. Hence, searching for the most suitable material for every specific technological application has become the necessity of being a continuous process until it is found. For the present experiment, we have chosen benzophenone crystal for the shock wave recovery experiment. Raman and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques have been utilized to evaluate the molecular and structural performances of the title material against the impact of shock waves and the obtained crystallographic structural properties are compared with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KPD) crystal. The obtained Raman and XRD results demonstrate that the title material has high shock resistant property even though it is a mechanically soft material as well as it has very low melting point (48 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sivakumar
- Department of Physics, Abdul Kalam Research Center, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur, Vellore 635 601, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Saranraj
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering and Technology, Chittoor 517 127, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Sahaya Jude Dhas
- Department of Physics, Kings Engineering College, Sriperumbudur, Chennai 602 117, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P Sivaprakash
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Arumugam
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S A Martin Britto Dhas
- Department of Physics, Abdul Kalam Research Center, Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur, Vellore 635 601, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Padmanaban A, Padmanathan N, Dhanasekaran T, Manigandan R, Srinandhini S, Sivaprakash P, Arumugam S, Narayanan V. Hexagonal phase Pt-doped cobalt telluride magnetic semiconductor nanoflakes for electrochemical sensing of dopamine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Collier N, Oar A, Ng W, Johnston M, Ma Y, Becker T, Apte M, Pavey D, Arumugam S, Merrett N, Asghari R, Lee M. An Australian Three-Centre Feasibility Study of Neoadjuvant Modified FOLFIRINOX and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer with Collection of Baseline Circulating Tumor Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Aarthi A, Umadevi M, Parimaladevi R, Sathe GV, Arumugam S, Sivaprakash P. A Negatively Charged Hydrophobic Hemi-micelle of Fe3O4/Ag MNP Role Towards SERS, Photocatalysis and Bactericidal. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Sivaprakash P, Kumar KA, Muthukumaran S, Pandurangan A, Dixit A, Arumugam S. NiF2 as an efficient electrode material with high window potential of 1.8 V for high energy and power density asymmetric supercapacitor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Perumal S, Thiyagarajan KA, Prakash A, Arumugam S. Evaluation of regeneration of semitendinosus tendon using ultrasound imaging and isokinetic strength testing after graft harvest for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop 2020; 21:340-344. [PMID: 32773984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A lot of the research has been done worldwide evaluating the capacity of the semitendinosus tendon to regenerate which has not been conducted in the Indian population. Study design 31 patients who underwent unilateral ACL reconstruction with hamstrings were taken into study. All patients underwent ultrasonography imaging of both knees and bilateral isokinetic flexion strength assessment at a one-year postoperative period. Images were obtained at three levels and their dimensions are compared with normal side. Isokinetic testing of the knee is done to evaluate the flexion deficit and is compared to the uninvolved knee. Results Out of a total of 31 patients, 14 patients showed no regeneration, 17 showed regeneration at various levels. On isokinetic testing patients with no regeneration showed the highest mean flexion deficit. Conclusion The semitendinosus tendon and its regeneration can be visualized well using ultrasonography. After semitendinosus harvesting, the flexion strength will be decreased as compared to the normal knee. The flexion strength in patients who have a regenerated tendon will be higher as compared to those who have no regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Perumal
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - K A Thiyagarajan
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - A Prakash
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - S Arumugam
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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20
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Dhillon S, Pulimi R, Ayyadurai P, Venkata Sai P, Dhillon MS, Arumugam S. Knee flexion strength deficits correlate with distal extent of tendon regeneration after hamstring harvest. Preliminary data from an Ultrasound based classification. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 14:156-161. [PMID: 33680821 PMCID: PMC7919965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As more evidence comes to light that hamstring harvesting may not be as benign a procedure as previously thought, considerable interest is being generated towards corelating the knee flexural strength deficits with the degree of tendon regeneration. The current study aimed to corelate knee flexion strength deficits with ultrasonographically quantified degree of hamstring regeneration after tendon harvest. STUDY DESIGN 31 patients of ACL reconstruction with hamstring grafts were divided into 2 groups (6 months and 1-year post op) according to time of follow up. Ultrasonography of both the knees to assess Semitendinosus tendon dimensions was done. Regeneration was classified as non-significant, mild (Zone 1, till 4 cm above the lateral joint line), moderate (Zone 2 ,at the level of the lateral joint line) and significant (Zone 3, 1.5 cm below the lateral joint line) as the regenerate happens from proximal to distal. Regenerate dimensions were compared with US measurements from the opposite knee. Bilateral isokinetic strength tests of the knees were done to evaluate flexion strength, and strength deficits were compared with degree of tendon regeneration. RESULTS 14 (45%) of cases had no regeneration at both time periods. 7 patients (41%) in the 6-month post-op group showed some form of regeneration, and 10 patients (71%) in the 1-year post-op group showed regeneration. 29/31 patients had some flexion strength deficit. Strength deficit correlated with the level and degree of tendon regeneration, with non-significant regeneration cases showing higher strength deficit (mean - 28.51%), and cases with significant regeneration showing least amount of strength deficit (mean - 3.66%). CONCLUSION Flexion strength deficits after hamstring harvest are significant and corelate with degree of tendon regeneration, which improves over time. US is adequate to quantify degree of tendon regeneration, which in turn can help prognosticate return of flexion strength.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajeev Pulimi
- Deptt of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, SRIHER, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - M S Dhillon
- Deptt of Orthopaedic Surgery PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
- Corresponding author. 1027, Sector 24 B, Chandigarh, 160023, India.
| | - S. Arumugam
- Deptt of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, SRIHER, Chennai, India
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21
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Manikandan K, Pervin R, Saravanan C, Sathiskumar M, Chakraborty N, Shirage PM, Mondal S, Srihari V, Poswal HK, Arumugam S. Influence of pressure on the transport, magnetic, and structural properties of superconducting Cr 0.0009NbSe 2 single crystal. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13112-13125. [PMID: 35492110 PMCID: PMC9051428 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09603e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the superconducting critical current density (J c), transition temperature (T c), and flux pinning properties under hydrostatic pressure (P) for Cr0.0009NbSe2 single crystal. The application of P enhances T c in both electrical resistivity (∼0.38 K GPa-1: 0 ≤ P ≤ 2.5 GPa) and magnetization (∼0.98 K GPa-1: 0 ≤ P ≤ 1 GPa) measurements, which leads to a monotonic increase in J c and flux pinning properties. The field-dependent J c at various temperatures under P is analyzed within the collecting pinning theory and it shows that δT c pinning is the crossover to δl pinning above the critical pressure (P c ∼0.3 GPa). Our systematic analysis of the flux pinning mechanism indicates that both the density of pinning centers and pinning forces greatly increase with the application of P, which leads to an enhancement in the vortex state. Structural studies using synchrotron X-ray diffraction under pressure illustrate a stable hexagonal phase without any significant impurity phase and lattice parameter reduction with P shows highly anisotropic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Manikandan
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620024 India +91 431 2407045 +91 431 2407118 +91 9500910310
| | - Rukshana Pervin
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science & Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol Campus, Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - C Saravanan
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620024 India +91 431 2407045 +91 431 2407118 +91 9500910310
| | - M Sathiskumar
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620024 India +91 431 2407045 +91 431 2407118 +91 9500910310
| | - Nirman Chakraborty
- CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
| | - Parasharam M Shirage
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science & Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol Campus, Khandwa Road Indore 453552 India
| | - Swastik Mondal
- CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Jadavpur Kolkata 700 032 India
| | - Velaga Srihari
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India
| | - Himanshu Kumar Poswal
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India
| | - S Arumugam
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli-620024 India +91 431 2407045 +91 431 2407118 +91 9500910310
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Thomas BE, Suresh C, Lavanya J, Lindsley MM, Galivanche AT, Sellappan S, Ovung S, Aravind A, Lincy S, Raja AL, Kokila S, Javeed B, Arumugam S, Mayer KH, Swaminathan S, Subbaraman R. Understanding pretreatment loss to follow-up of tuberculosis patients: an explanatory qualitative study in Chennai, India. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e001974. [PMID: 32181000 PMCID: PMC7053785 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pretreatment loss to follow-up (PTLFU)-dropout of patients after diagnosis but before treatment registration-is a major gap in tuberculosis (TB) care in India and globally. Patient and healthcare worker (HCW) perspectives are critical for developing interventions to reduce PTLFU. Methods We tracked smear-positive TB patients diagnosed via sputum microscopy from 22 diagnostic centres in Chennai, one of India's largest cities. Patients who did not start therapy within 14 days, or who died or were lost to follow-up before official treatment registration, were classified as PTLFU cases. We conducted qualitative interviews with trackable patients, or family members of patients who had died. We conducted focus group discussions (FGDs) with HCWs involved in TB care. Interview and FGD transcripts were coded and analysed with Dedoose software to identify key themes. We created categories into which themes clustered and identified relationships among thematic categories to develop an explanatory model for PTLFU. Results We conducted six FGDs comprising 53 HCWs and 33 individual patient or family member interviews. Themes clustered into five categories. Examining relationships among categories revealed two pathways leading to PTLFU as part of an explanatory model. In the first pathway, administrative and organisational health system barriers-including the complexity of navigating the system, healthcare worker absenteeism and infrastructure failures-resulted in patients feeling frustration or resignation, leading to disengagement from care. In turn, HCWs faced work constraints that contributed to many of these health system barriers for patients. In the second pathway, negative HCW attitudes and behaviours contributed to patients distrusting the health system, resulting in refusal of care. Conclusion Health system barriers contribute to PTLFU directly and by amplifying patient-related challenges to engaging in care. Interventions should focus on removing administrative hurdles patients face in the health system, improving quality of the HCW-patient interaction and alleviating constraints preventing HCWs from providing patient-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena E Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandra Suresh
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Lavanya
- District TB Office, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mika M Lindsley
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine and Center for Global Public Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amith T Galivanche
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine and Center for Global Public Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Senthil Sellappan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthanro Ovung
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amritha Aravind
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Savari Lincy
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Agnes Lawrence Raja
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Kokila
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Javeed
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Arumugam
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ramnath Subbaraman
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine and Center for Global Public Health, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rajkumar C, Nehru R, Chen SM, Kim H, Arumugam S, Sankar R. Electrosynthesis of carbon aerogel-modified AuNPs@quercetin via an environmentally benign method for hydrazine (HZ) and hydroxylamine (HA) detection. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05360c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor fabricated using a hydrothermal and environmentally benign methods for the detection of environmental pollutions, namely, hydrazine (HZ) and hydroxylamine (HA) has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellakannu Rajkumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712 749
- Republic of Korea
- Institute of Physics
| | - Raja Nehru
- Institute of Physics
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Centre for Condensed Matter Sciences
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Taiwan
| | - Haekyoung Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Yeungnam University
- Gyeongsan 712 749
- Republic of Korea
| | - S. Arumugam
- Center for High Pressure Research
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli-620 024
- India
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Centre for Condensed Matter Sciences
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Arumugam S, Kumar KS, Karthik B, Ravichandran V. Cordia diffusa K.C. Jacob, the Kovai Manjack (Boraginaceae): a highly threatened steno-endemic species from Coimbatore City, Tamil Nadu, India. J Threat Taxa 2019. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.5292.11.14.14870-14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordia diffusa K.C. Jacob, belonging to Boraginaceae, discovered in 1938 and named by K.C. Jacob in 1944, is a little-known and the only narrow endemic but neglected plant of Coimbatore City. The lectotype of the steno-endemic is determined and the current status, distribution, potential threats, bioprospecting potential, and suggestions for conservation of the species are discussed. The collection of steno-endemic plant during intensive exploration in its type locality nearly after 90 years is of phytogeographic and conservation significance. The endemic is proposed the category of Critically Endangered (CR) based on criterion D of IUCN (as per versions 3.1 & 13). C. diffusa can be protected by promoting awareness of the rarity of native species and mass propagation through vegetative means so as to introduce it in gardens, parks, and avenues, etc. at once in the city.
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Arumugam S, Kumar KS, Karthik B, Ravichandran V. Cordia diffusa K.C. Jacob, the Kovai Manjack (Boraginaceae): a highly threatened steno-endemic species from Coimbatore City, Tamil Nadu, India. J Threat Taxa 2019. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.5292.11.14.14870-4875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordia diffusa K.C. Jacob, belonging to Boraginaceae, discovered in 1938 and named by K.C. Jacob in 1944, is a little-known and the only narrow endemic but neglected plant of Coimbatore City. The lectotype of the steno-endemic is determined and the current status, distribution, potential threats, bioprospecting potential, and suggestions for conservation of the species are discussed. The collection of steno-endemic plant during intensive exploration in its type locality nearly after 90 years is of phytogeographic and conservation significance. The endemic is proposed the category of Critically Endangered (CR) based on criterion D of IUCN (as per versions 3.1 & 13). C. diffusa can be protected by promoting awareness of the rarity of native species and mass propagation through vegetative means so as to introduce it in gardens, parks, and avenues, etc. at once in the city.
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Balakumar R, Sriram G, Arumugam S. Feasibility Study of Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Ayurvedic Oil: Its Evaluation of Engine Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics. Arab J Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-04020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rajkumar C, Nehru R, Chen SM, Arumugam S, Qin-JinYeah, Sankar R. A chitosan grafted mesoporous carbon aerogel for ultra-sensitive voltammetric determination of isoniazid. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:419. [PMID: 31187235 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was modified with chitosan (Chit) supported on carbon aerogel (CA) to obtain an electrochemical sensor for the tuberculosis drug isoniazid (INZ). The interconnected mesoporous structure of Chit/CA provides a large surface area (SBET = 461 m2 g-1) and good porosity (VTot = 0.69 cm3 g-1). Besides, the modified SPCE displayed enhanced electrocatalytic activity due to the presence of numerous active sites (such as >C=O, -NH-, -NH2, -OH). Figures of merit include (a) a typical working voltage of 0.28 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), (b) high sensitivity (8.09 μA μM-1 cm-2), (c) a wide linear response to INZ (0.01-115 μM) and (d) a low detection limit (8 nM). The modified electrode has successfully been applied to the determination of INZ in spiked serum and urine, and recoveries ranged from 97.8 to 99.8%. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of preparation and applications of a nanocomposite consisting of chitosan (Chit; CS) supported on carbon aerogel (CA) for electrochemical detection of isoniazid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellakannu Rajkumar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Centre for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Raja Nehru
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan.
| | - S Arumugam
- Center for High Pressure Research, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - Qin-JinYeah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan
| | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Centre for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Pryor D, Sidhom M, Arumugam S, Bucci J, Smart J, Grand M, Greer P, Keats S, Wilton L, O'Neill M, Martin J. EP-1543 Early Results of a Phase 2 Multicentre Study of Linac-based Stereotactic Boost for Prostate Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Arumugam S. PO-1022 A study on the image registration accuracy of intrafraction cone beam computed tomography images. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Keall P, Nguyen D, O'Brien R, Hewson E, Ball H, Poulsen P, Booth J, Greer P, Hunter P, Wilton L, Bromley R, Kipritidis J, Eade T, Kneebone A, Hruby G, Moodie T, Hayden A, Turner S, Arumugam S, Sidhom M, Hardcastle N, Siva S, Tai K, Gebski V, Martin J. PO-0842 Real-Time tracking improves treatment: The TROG Stereo Prostate Ablative Radiotherapy with KIM trial. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Duan D, Du GX, Kavatamane VK, Arumugam S, Tzeng YK, Chang HC, Balasubramanian G. Efficient nitrogen-vacancy centers' fluorescence excitation and collection from micrometer-sized diamond by a tapered optical fiber in endoscope-type configuration. Opt Express 2019; 27:6734-6745. [PMID: 30876253 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using an optical fiber to both excite the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond and collect its fluorescence is essential to build NV-based endoscope-type sensor. Such endoscope-type sensor can reach inaccessible fields for traditional NV-based sensors built by bulky optical components and extend the application areas. Since single NV's fluorescence is weak and can easily be buried in fluorescence from optical fiber core's oxide defects excited by the green laser, fixing a micrometer size diamond containing high-density NVs rather than a nanodiamond containing single NV or several NVs on the apex of an optical fiber to build an endoscope-type sensor is more implementable. Unfortunately, due to small numerical aperture (NA), most of the optical fibers have a low fluorescence collection efficiency, which limits the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the NV-based endoscope-type sensor. Here, using a tapered optical fiber (TOF) tip, we significantly improve the efficiency of the laser excitation and fluorescence collection of the NV ensembles in diamond. This could potentially enhance the sensitivity and spatial resolution of the NV-based endoscope-type sensor. Numerical calculations show that the TOF tip delivers a high NA and has a high NV excitation and fluorescence collection efficiency. Experiments demonstrate that such TOF tip can obtain up to over 7-fold excitation efficiency and over 15-fold fluorescence collection efficiency of that from a flat-ended fiber (non-TOF) tip.
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Ashok Kumar K, Pandurangan A, Arumugam S, Sathiskumar M. Effect of Bi-functional Hierarchical Flower-like CoS Nanostructure on its Interfacial Charge Transport Kinetics, Magnetic and Electrochemical Behaviors for Supercapacitor and DSSC Applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1228. [PMID: 30718540 PMCID: PMC6361894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37463-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal sulfides are of great interest for future electrode materials in supercapacitor and solar cell applications owing to their superior electrochemical activity and excellent electrical conductivity. With this scope, a binary transition metal sulfide (CoS) is prepared via one-step hydrothermal synthesis. Hexagonal phase of CoS with space group of P63/mmc(194) is confirmed by XRD analysis. Additional cubic Co3S4 phase in the prepared sample originates the mixed valence state of Co (Co2+ and Co3+) is affirmed from XPS analysis. Morphological features are visualized using HRSEM images that shows nanoflower shaped star-anise structure. Employing the prepared CoS as active electrode material, interfacial charge transport kinetics is examined by EIS-Nyquist plot. The supercapacitive performances are tested in two and three-electrode system which exhibited respective specific capacitances of 57 F/g and 348 F/g for 1 A/g. Further, the fabricated asymmetric CoS//AC supercapacitor device delivers an appreciable energy density of 15.58 Wh/kg and power density of 700.12 W/kg with excellent cyclic stability of 97.9% and Coulombic efficiency of 95% over 2000 charge-discharge cycles. In addition, dye-sensitized solar cells are fabricated with CoS counter electrode and the obtained power conversion efficiency of 5.7% is comparable with standard platinum based counter electrode (6.45%). Curie-Weiss plot confirms the transition of paramagnetic nature into ferrimagnetic behavior at 85 K and Pauli-paramagnetic nature at 20 K respectively. Temperature dependent resistivity plot affirms the metallic nature of CoS sample till 20 K and transition to semiconducting nature occurs at <20 K owing to Peierl’s transition effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ashok Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Pandurangan
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Arumugam
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Sathiskumar
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
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Arumugam S, Krishnan M, Ishigaki K, Gouchi J, Pervin R, Selvan GK, Shirage PM, Uwatoko Y. Enhancement of superconducting properties and flux pinning mechanism on Cr 0.0005NbSe 2 single crystal under Hydrostatic pressure. Sci Rep 2019; 9:347. [PMID: 30674929 PMCID: PMC6344477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconducting properties of Cr0.0005NbSe2 (Tc~6.64 K) single crystals have been investigated through the temperature dependent resistivity (~8 GPa) and DC magnetization (~1 GPa) measurements. Further, the critical current density (Jc) as a function of applied magnetic field has been studied from magnetic isotherms. The vortex pinning mechanisms have also been systematically analyzed using weak collective pinning theory as a function of pressure. The Jc corresponds to the flux flow enhanced by the application of pressure due to increase of Tc and vortex changes. We found that the pressure is responsible for the spatial variations in the charge carrier mean free path (δl pinning). We find that core point pinning is more dominant than surface pinning which is caused by the application of pressure. In addition, Jc(H = 0) increases from 3.9 × 105 (0 GPa) to 1.3 × 106 (1.02 GPa) A/cm2 at 2 K as the pressure is increased from normal pressure to 1.02 GPa. The pressure dependence of Tc (dTc/dP) becomes 0.91 K/GPa and 0.75 K/GPa from magnetization and resistivity measurements respectively. We found that the pressure promotes the anisotropy nature, and decrease of coherence length and resulting in pathetic interface of the vortex core with pinning centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arumugam
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
| | - Manikandan Krishnan
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Kent Ishigaki
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jun Gouchi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Rukshana Pervin
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science & Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Khandwa road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - G Kalai Selvan
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Parasharam M Shirage
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science & Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Khandwa road, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Y Uwatoko
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
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Arumugam S, Manning-Cork NJ, Gains JE, Boterberg T, Gaze MN. The Evidence for External Beam Radiotherapy in High-Risk Neuroblastoma of Childhood: A Systematic Review. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 31:182-190. [PMID: 30509728 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS External beam radiotherapy is widely used in various ways in the management of neuroblastoma. Despite extensive clinical experience, the precise role of radiotherapy in neuroblastoma remains unclear. The purpose of this systematic review was to survey the published literature to identify, without bias, the evidence for the clinical effectiveness of external beam radiotherapy as part of the initial multimodality treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma. We considered four areas: treatment of the tumour bed and residual primary tumour, identification of any dose-response relationship, treatment of metastatic sites, identification of any technical advances that may be beneficial. We also aimed to define uncertainties, which may be clarified in future clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bibliographic databases were searched for neuroblastoma and radiotherapy. Reviewers assessed 1283 papers for inclusion by title and abstract, with consensus achieved through discussion. Data extraction on 57 included papers was carried out by one reviewer and checked by another. Studies were assessed for their level of evidence and risk of bias, and a descriptive analysis of data was carried out. RESULTS Fifteen papers provided some evidence that radiotherapy to the tumour bed and residual tumour may possibly be of value. However, there is a significant risk of bias and no evidence that all subgroups will benefit. There is some suggestion from six papers that dose may be important, but no hard evidence. It remains unclear whether irradiation of metastatic sites is helpful. Technical advances may be of value in radiotherapy of high-risk neuroblastoma. CONCLUSIONS There are data that show that radiotherapy is of some efficacy in the management of high-risk neuroblastoma, but there is no level one evidence that shows that it is being used in the best possible way. Prospective randomised trials are necessary to provide more evidence to guide development of optimal radiotherapy treatment schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arumugam
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - N J Manning-Cork
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J E Gains
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - T Boterberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - M N Gaze
- Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Arumugam S, Udovitch M, Xing A, Begg J, Holloway L, Sidhom M. Assessment of Intra-Fraction Prostate Motion and Delivered Dose Accuracy in Prostate SBRT Using an in-House Real-Time Position Monitoring System. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pogson E, Arumugam S, Hansen C, Currie M, Blake S, Roberts N, Carolan M, Vial P, Alharthi T, Holloway L, Thwaites D. Comparison of multi-institutional pre-treatment verification for VMAT of nasopharynx with delivery errors. Phys Med 2018; 53:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Thomas BE, Subbaraman R, Sellappan S, Suresh C, Lavanya J, Lincy S, Raja AL, Javeed B, Kokila S, Arumugam S, Swaminathan S, Mayer KH. Pretreatment loss to follow-up of tuberculosis patients in Chennai, India: a cohort study with implications for health systems strengthening. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:142. [PMID: 29587651 PMCID: PMC5872574 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pretreatment loss to follow-up (PTLFU) is a barrier to tuberculosis (TB) control in India’s Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP). PTLFU studies have not been conducted in India’s mega-cities, where patient mobility may complicate linkage to care. Methods We collected data from patient registries for May 2015 from 22 RNTCP designated microscopy centers (DMCs) in Chennai and audited addresses and phone numbers for patients evaluated for suspected TB to understand how missing contact information may contribute to PTLFU. From November 2015 to June 2016, we audited one month of records from each of these 22 DMCs and tracked newly diagnosed smear-positive patients using RNTCP records, phone calls, and home visits. We defined PTLFU cases as including: (1) patients who did not start TB therapy within 14 days and (2) patients who started TB therapy but were lost to follow-up or died before official RNTCP registration. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with PTLFU. Results In the audit of May 2015 DMC registries, out of 3696 patients evaluated for TB, 1273 (34.4%) had addresses and phone numbers that were illegible or missing. Out of 344 smear-positive patients tracked from November 2015 to June 2016, 40 (11.6%) did not start TB therapy within 14 days and 36 (10.5%) started therapy but were lost to follow-up or died before official RNTCP registration, for an overall PTLFU rate of 22.1% (95%CI: 17.8%—26.4%). Of all PTLFU patients, 55 (72.4%) were lost to follow-up and 21 (27.6%) died before starting treatment or before RNTCP registration. In the regression analysis, age > 50 years (OR 2.9, 95%CI 1.4—6.5), history of prior TB (OR 3.9, 95%CI 2.2—7.1), evaluation at a high patient volume DMC (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.7—6.3), and absence of legible patient contact information (OR 4.5, 95%CI 1.3—15.1) were significantly associated with PTLFU. Conclusions In an Indian mega-city, we found a high PTLFU rate, especially in patients with a prior TB history, who are at greater risk for having drug-resistance. Enhancing quality of care and health system transparency is critical for improving linkage of newly diagnosed patients to TB care in urban India. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3039-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena E Thomas
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India.
| | - Ramnath Subbaraman
- Nutrition Infection Unit, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, 02111, USA.,Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, 260 Tremont St., Boston, 02111, USA
| | - Senthil Sellappan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Chandra Suresh
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - J Lavanya
- District Tuberculosis Office, No. 26 Pulianthope High Road, Pulianthope, Chennai, 600012, India
| | - Savari Lincy
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Agnes Lawrence Raja
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - B Javeed
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - S Kokila
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - S Arumugam
- Department of Social and Behavioral Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No. 1, Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai, 600031, India
| | - Soumya Swaminathan
- World Health Organization Headquarters, Avenue Appia 20, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenneth H Mayer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis St., Boston, 02215, USA.,The Fenway Institute, 1340 Boylston St, 8th floor, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Ajitha M, Sundar K, Arul Mugilan S, Arumugam S. Development of METAL-ACTIVE SITE and ZINCCLUSTER tool to predict active site pockets. Proteins 2018; 86:322-331. [PMID: 29235146 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The advent of whole genome sequencing leads to increasing number of proteins with known amino acid sequences. Despite many efforts, the number of proteins with resolved three dimensional structures is still low. One of the challenging tasks the structural biologists face is the prediction of the interaction of metal ion with any protein for which the structure is unknown. Based on the information available in Protein Data Bank, a site (METALACTIVE INTERACTION) has been generated which displays information for significant high preferential and low-preferential combination of endogenous ligands for 49 metal ions. User can also gain information about the residues present in the first and second coordination sphere as it plays a major role in maintaining the structure and function of metalloproteins in biological system. In this paper, a novel computational tool (ZINCCLUSTER) is developed, which can predict the zinc metal binding sites of proteins even if only the primary sequence is known. The purpose of this tool is to predict the active site cluster of an uncharacterized protein based on its primary sequence or a 3D structure. The tool can predict amino acids interacting with a metal or vice versa. This tool is based on the occurrence of significant triplets and it is tested to have higher prediction accuracy when compared to that of other available techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ajitha
- Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Sundar
- Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Arul Mugilan
- Raja Doraisingam Government Arts College, Sivaganga, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Arumugam
- Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
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Liu J, Li Y, Arumugam S, Tudor J, Beeby S. Investigation of Low Temperature Processed Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Films for Printed Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) for Large Area Flexible Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Dhandayuthapani T, Girish M, Sivakumar R, Sanjeeviraja C, Gopalakrishnan C, Nagarajan RS, Mathew S, Jun D, Venkatesan T, Kalai Selvan G, Manikandan K, Arumugam S. γ-MnS films with 3D microarchitectures: comprehensive study of the synthesis, microstructural, optical and magnetic properties. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ce01536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A simple procedure to synthesize 3D microarchitectures of γ-MnS films at low temperature is described in the present work.
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Arumugam S, Ellappan R, Sangavi S, Sriram G, Ramakrishna P. Feasibility Analysis of Biodegradable Automotive Lubricant: An Evaluation of Material–Lubricant Compatibility in a Corrosion Perspective. Arab J Sci Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-017-2840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Arumugam S, Ganguli C, Thiyagarajan R, Bhoi D, Selvan GK, Manikandan K, Pariari A, Mandal P, Uwatoko Y. Effect of pressure on normal and superconducting state properties of iron based superconductor PrFeAsO 0.6F y (y = 0.12, 0.14). Sci Rep 2017; 7:11731. [PMID: 28916795 PMCID: PMC5601470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11927-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of high pressure (up to 8 GPa) on normal and superconducting state properties of PrFeAsO0.6F0.12, an 1111-type iron based superconductor close to optimal doped region, has been investigated by measuring the temperature dependence of resistivity. Initially, the superconducting transition temperature (T c ) is observed to increase slowly by about 1 K as pressure (P) increases from 0 to 1.3 GPa. With further increase in pressure above 1.3 GPa, T c decreases at the rate of ~1.5 K/GPa. The normal-state resistivity decreases monotonically up to 8 GPa. We have also measured the pressure dependence of magnetization (M) on the same piece of PrFeAsO0.6F0.12 sample up to 1.1 GPa and observed T c as well as the size of the Meissner signal to increase with pressure in this low-pressure region. In contrast, for an over-doped PrFeAsO0.6F0.14 sample, magnetization measurements up to 1.06 GPa show that both T c and the Meissner signal decrease with pressure. The present study clearly reveals two distinct regions in the dome-shaped (T c -P) phase diagram of PrFeAsO0.6F0.12.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arumugam
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India.
| | - C Ganguli
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - R Thiyagarajan
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - D Bhoi
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Calcutta, 700 064, India
| | - G Kalai Selvan
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - K Manikandan
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - A Pariari
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Calcutta, 700 064, India
| | - P Mandal
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Calcutta, 700 064, India.
| | - Y Uwatoko
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
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Pervin R, Krishnan M, Rana AK, Kannan M, Arumugam S, Shirage PM. Enhancement of superconducting critical current density by Fe impurity substitution in NbSe 2 single crystals and the vortex pinning mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11230-11238. [PMID: 28405663 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00784a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetization measurements have been used to determine the effect of magnetic impurities (Fe) on the Larkin-Ovchinnikov (LO) 3D collective pinning model in NbSe2 single crystals. Upon increasing the concentration of Fe impurities, the superconducting critical current density enhances appreciably compared to pure NbSe2 reflecting the fact that the addition of magnetic impurities assists in improving the practical applicability of NbSe2. The random pinning potential that is introduced by the Fe impurities also shows a considerable change in the interaction between the vortices and the core region, resulting in a competitive nature of single vortex, small bundle and large bundle pinning regimes in the H-T phase diagram. The intrinsic disorder in pure NbSe2 single crystals shows δTc flux pinning; however, the extrinsic disorder created by Fe atoms in NbSe2 shows δl flux pinning. Furthermore, the field dependence of the pinning force on both NbSe2 and Fe-incorporated NbSe2 represents the existence of point pinning and the surface pinning mechanism with a broadening of the fp curves in the Fe-incorporated single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshana Pervin
- Discipline of Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science & Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol Campus, Khandwa road, Indore 453552, India.
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Thwaites D, Pogson E, Arumugam S, Hansen C, Currie M, Blake S, Roberts N, Carolan M, Vial P, Juresic J, Ochoa C, Yakobi J, Haman A, Trtovac A, Al-Harthi T, Holloway L. PO-0808: Comparison of multi-institutional QA for VMAT of Nasopharynx with simulated delivery errors. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31245-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kothandan S, Arumugam S, Purushothaman I, Swaminathan R. Real time molecular detection of Chikungunya and dengue virus in the female Aedes mosquitoes collected in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:166-173. [PMID: 33592995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Monsoon favors the breeding sites of many mosquito borne viral vectors resulting in increased outbreaks of vector borne infections, such as Chikungunya and dengue infections in the post monsoon period. Hence a pre-monsoon surveillance study of competent vectors carrying Chikungunya and dengue virus would help in better management of vectors and infections. Thus a surveillance study was carried out in Chennai before the onset of monsoon to study the distribution of competent vectors and detection of Chikungunya and dengue virus in female Aedes mosquitoes. Mosquitoes were collected from north, south, east and west zone of Chennai during March to July 2014. Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) were detected from the collected mosquitoes by Reverse Transcription Real time PCR (RT-PCR) followed by virus isolation in Vero cells. The most predominant species was Culex quinquefasciatis followed by Culex pipiens in the premonsoon period in our study. Viral infection rate during March to July (Premonsoon period) with respect to CHIKV and DENV virus were 0.456. The central zones of Chennai were highly found to inhabit the Aedes species in comparison to other zones surveyed during the premonsoon period. Viral infection rate of CHIKV and DENV were very low in female Aedes mosquitoes during the Pre-Monsoon period in Chennai.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kothandan
- PG and Research Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Presidency College (Aut), Chepauk, Chennai-05, India
| | - S Arumugam
- PG and Research Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Presidency College (Aut), Chepauk, Chennai-05, India
| | - I Purushothaman
- PG and Research Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Presidency College (Aut), Chepauk, Chennai-05, India
| | - R Swaminathan
- PG and Research Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Presidency College (Aut), Chepauk, Chennai-05, India
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Li X, Zhang X, Kalai Selvan G, Arumugam S, Huang F, Wu Y, Yao J. Crystal Growth, Structure, Resistivity, Magnetic, and Photoelectric Properties of One-Dimensional Selenometallate Ba 2 BiFeSe 5. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3436-3442. [PMID: 27653016 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Low-dimensional materials have attracted extensive research interest in recent years owing to their interesting structural chemistry and physical properties, which will greatly deepen our knowledge of these materials and could lead to additional breakthroughs in the future. Herein we have synthesized and characterized Ba2 BiFeSe5 , which adopts a quasi-one-dimensional structure and possesses some fascinating physical properties. The sharp divergences between the field-cooled (FC) and the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) data and the rather small magnetic moment per Fe3+ (0.07 μB ) strongly suggest that the title compound is weakly ferromagnetic with a high magnetic transition temperature above room temperature, which is controlled by competing super-exchange interactions within and between [FeBiSe5 ]∞ anionic ladders. Moreover, with its narrow bandgap of 0.95 eV, Ba2 BiFeSe5 shows photoelectric properties with a photocurrent density of approximately 30 mA cm2 at 5 V. Our study demonstrates that Ba2 FeBiSe5 might be a new type of multifunctional material that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Li
- Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - G Kalai Selvan
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, 620024, India
| | - S Arumugam
- Centre for High Pressure Research, School of Physics Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, 620024, India
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiyong Yao
- Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Laboratory of Functional Crystals and Laser Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Ganesh S, Arumugam S. Performance study of a laboratory model shallow solar pond with and without single transparent glass cover for solar thermal energy conversion applications. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2016; 134:462-466. [PMID: 27036625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The thermal performance of a shallow solar pond with and without the single transparent glass cover has been investigated experimentally. This experiment has been performed during the summer season of 2014 under the operational condition for five different storage volumes of water upto a maximum of 10liter. The pond performance is investigated in terms of the rate of energy collected and its collection efficiency. A Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) black sheet liner of 200μm thickness was laid on all the interior sides of the pond for solar energy absorption. A clear transparent PVC plastic sheet of 150μm thickness was laid over the water surface as evaporation suppressing membrane. Calibrated Copper constantan thermocouples were used to measure the temperatures of the system. A highest temperature of 81.5°C has been achieved for the stored volume of 2liter of water, when the pond was used with a single transparent glass cover of 5mm thickness. When the shallow solar pond was used without the transparent glass cover the system attained a maximum temperature of 62°C for the same stored volume of 2liter. A comparison between the two conditions of with and without the transparent glass cover, on the thermal performance of the SSP has been reported. A shallow solar pond system of the present type could be used us a source of warm water, of desired temperature, below 10°C which are required for the domestic and industrial utilities. The global warming is increased day by day; inorder to reduce global warming a typical method of small scale shallow solar pond has been used to absorb the radiation from the sun to convert it to useful heat energy by the source of water. The SSP is an eco friendly way to generate energy without polluting our environment and in an environment safety manner. Based on environmental safety this study has experimentally investigated the thermal performance of the shallow solar pond.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ganesh
- Solar Energy Division, Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul Dist, 624302 Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S Arumugam
- Solar Energy Division, Department of Physics, Gandhigram Rural Institute - Deemed University, Gandhigram, Dindigul Dist, 624302 Tamilnadu, India
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Arumugam S, Joseph P, Ponnaiya J, Richard J, Das M, Chaitanya VS, Ebenezer M. Evaluation of New Antibacterial Drugs and their Combinations in a Murine Model to Identify Short Duration Alternative Chemotherapy for Leprosy. Indian J Lepr 2016; 88:159-176. [PMID: 30207441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the research is to test the efficacy of new drugs and drug combinations in mice infected with Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) as alternative to current WHO MDT. Individual drugs tested were Rifampicin (RMP), Rifapentine (RPT) and Moxifloxacin (MOXI). Drug combinations were RMP, Clarithromycin (CLARI), Minocycline (MINO) and RMP, MINO and Ofloxacin (OFLO). RPT drug combinations were RPT, CLARI, MINO and RPT, OFLO, MINO. Both the drugs and drug combinations were used as daily regimen and intermittent regimen. WHO MB MDT served as a positive control. Mice pre-inoculated with M. leprae were allotted to daily and intermittent groups and administered selected drugs and drug combinations. At the end of 12 months post sub-inoculation, mice were sacrificed and the proportion % of viable bacilli were counted using Spearman and Karber method. It was noted that RMP, RPT and Moxifloxacin indicated a range of 89.99% to 99.99% bactericidal effect when used in daily or intermittent doses in both normal and TR mice. Drug combinations showed bactericidal effect comparable to that of WHO MDT. From the study it was concluded that if the present duration of MDT has to be shortened then daily dose regimen with RMP/MINO/OFLO or RPT/CLARI/MINO are recommended for a clinical trial.
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Joseph P, Ponnaiya J, Das M, Chaitanya VS, Arumugam S, Ebenezer M. Evaluation of anti-bacterial activity of Rifapentine, Clarithromycin, Minocycline, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin and their combinations in Murine Model of Rifampicin Resistant Leprosy. Indian J Lepr 2016; 88:147-158. [PMID: 30207440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leprosy, a debilitating disease of the skin and peripheral nerves is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) and is treated by multidrug therapy (MDT) comprising of Dapsone, Rifampicin and Clofazimine. Resistance to any of these drugs poses a threat to the current disease control strategies. With the emergence of Rifampicin resistance in leprosy, it is important that alternative drugs need to be tested to develop a treatment strategy to combat drug resistant leprosy. In the current study, we have investigated WHO MDT, Rifapentine, Clarithromycin, Minocycline, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin and their combinations in intermittent and daily dose regimens in rifampicin resistant strains of M. leprae through mouse foot pad experiments in order to determine the loss in viability of M. leprae in response to these drugs and their combinations. Our findings suggest that WHO MDT is still the best combination in Rifampicin resistance cases. Combination of Moxifloxacin with Minocycline and Clarithromycin may also be taken up for clinical trials in cases with Rifampicin resistant leprosy. Rifapentine and Moxifloxacin can be effective alternative drugs to replace Rifampicin where required either in daily dose shorter duration regimens or intermittent dose longer regimen to treat resistant strains.
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Raj kumar D, Rama Rao N, Muthu SE, Arumugam S, Raja MM, Suresh K. Effect of Fe on the Martensitic Transition, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties in Ni-Mn-In Melt-spun Ribbons. DEFENCE SCI J 2016. [DOI: 10.14429/dsj.66.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Fe on the martensitic transitions, magnetic and inverse magnetocaloric effect in Ni47Mn40-xFexIn13 ribbons (x = 1, 2, 3 and 5) has been investigated. All the ribbon compositions under study have shown the presence of austenite phase at room temperature. The variation of martensitic transition with the increase in Fe-content is non-monotonic. The thermal hysteresis of the martensitic transition increased with the increase in Fe-content. The martensitic transitions shifted to lower temperatures in the presence of high magnetic fields. A maximum magnetic entropy change (∆SM) of 50 Jkg-1K-1 has been achieved in the Ni47Mn38Fe2In13 (x = 1) ribbon at 282 K for an applied field of 5 T.
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